Applying structured tools and techniques to the development of software for a small computer system

Structured tools and techniques were applied to the software design process of an information system for a local health care agency. The design process was based upon a hierarchical decomposition of user requirements into detail system specifications. The tools and techniques included data flow diagrams, pseudo code, a data model based upon the relational approach, and a data dictionary. Together, the design process and the tools and techniques represented an approach to bridge the gap between readily available small computer hardware and an information system that is totally integrated into the organization.

The use of minicomputers in structural analysis

PurposeEarthquakes are a serious threat to life; they claim many casualties and cause huge damage to people's properties. Seismic design provisions are added to building codes in response to the lessons learned from past earthquakes. However, despite all successes, many challenges are still faced and there are still deficiencies, especially in the field of architectural non‐structural components (ANSCs). In spite of their significance in the seismic performance of the building, ANSCs are mostly neglected from the viewpoint of seismic design. The purpose of this paper is to explain a proper state for the seismic consideration of ANSCs in the designing and construction process.Design/methodology/approachThe key aim of this research is explaining a proper state for the seismic consideration of ANSCs in designing and construction process. For this purpose, first, their state is analyzed based on the conventional seismic design and construction process. Then, the insufficiencies of this approach are discussed through studying the consequences in the past earthquakes. Finally, based on the results obtained, the article tries to offer useful strategies to bring the potential threats of ANSCs to minimum.FindingsIt is found that ANSCs are considered only in a very small part of the design and construction process. In most cases, their executed details are allocated to a minor part of the design process or left to be chosen in the last stage of construction, as finishing details. As a result, despite all code provisions and practical guidelines, we still see many damages to and from ANSCs. The paper shows that the only way that the success of ANSCs' seismic restraints can be anticipated is by considering them in all stages of the design and construction process. To achieve this goal, collaboration is needed throughout all parts of the design and construction process, namely an interactive system design.Originality/valueThe paper, from the viewpoint of the design process, analyzes the seismic consideration of ANSCs, offering a new model for placing these components in a systematic design and construction process.

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Network teaching is to use computer equipment and Internet technology in the virtual space, through a certain method to implement the teaching method on the network, the perfection of the network teaching system can directly replace the traditional teaching method in the whole process of teaching. In order to solve the problem of system development, this paper carries out the demand analysis. First, the use of data flow graph technology, depicting information flow and data from the input to the output of the process of transformation; and then, the use of data dictionary technology, defining the relevant elements of the data flow diagram; finally, the use of tree structure diagram is represented by the administrator subsystem, teacher subsystem and student subsystem structure of the system. The requirement analysis system design the bridge of analysis and software, has laid a foundation for the system development.

In 1990, Andrzej Wnuk of Siemens A.G. proposed a comprehensive model of the system design process. The model combines an extended design AND/OR decision tree, aspects of the design process for the High Level Design Assistant (HILDA) developed by Siemens Research and Technology Laboratory, structured requirements, and process decomposition. A suitable requirements description language did not exist which resulted in a model which could not be implemented that is, until now. The recent development of the MIMIC (Microwave and Millimeter Wave Integrated Circuits) Hardware Description Language [MHDL] relieves that problem. Hierarchical, functional, and object oriented features of the language make it ideal for modeling the system design process, as well as capturing/cataloging the system and its components as they progress towards implementation. This paper reports on the implementation of a design process model and the associated impacts (i.e. automation of the design process; the creation of an homogeneous design complete, historical, electronic etc.). Additionally, solutions/migration paths for upgrading existing systems are discussed. >

The PGRI 2 Kayen Pati High School Academic Information System was created to make it easier for schools to process academic data, including information about students, teachers, classes, subjects, non-academic assessments, life skills, extracurricular activities, academic assessments, skills assessments, and report card information (academic, non-academic, extracurricular, lifeskill, and skills data). In light of this, the goal of this project is to develop an information system that will make grading easier and provide online grade information. Because of its flexibility, the waterfall model was adopted in the system's design process. The MySQL database and PHP programming language are used in this information system. An academic information system that can assist teachers in managing grades and show the ranking of students in each class is the outcome of this project.

Information systems can be conceptualized in a number of ways. Most methodologies propose to analyze separately process and data semantics by projecting them into totally different diagram types. This system analysis and design tradition is very strong in most modeling approaches such as structured analysis as well as object-oriented design. Structural and behavioral aspects are complementary. They cannot be analyzed in isolation. Lack of a conceptual modeling approach, which can be used for verification of semantic integrity among various types of diagrams, is the cornerstone of frustration for information system architects. Inconsistency, incompleteness and ambiguity of conceptual views create difficulties in verification and validation of technical system architectures by business experts, who determine the organizational strategies. Consequently, the traditional information system methodologies are not able to bridge a communication gap among business experts and IT-system designers. Various interpretations of semantic relations in conceptual modeling approaches make the system analysis and design process more art than science. It creates difficulties to formulate comprehensible principles of decomposition and separation of concerns. Unambiguous definition of aggregation and generalization is necessary for breaking down information system functionality into coherent non-overlapping components. This article concentrates on conceptual modeling enhancements, which help to avoid semantic integrity problems in conceptualizations on various levels of abstraction. The presented conceptual modeling approach is based on a single type of diagram, which can be used for reasoning on semantic integrity between business process and data across organizational and technical system boundaries.

Data processing of industrial and field work practices in SMK Pasundan Rancaekek is still semi manual using a spreadsheet application. This can lead to various problems, namely checking students who have not made payment and registration of PRAKERIN, making evidence of transactions and reports effectively, placing students in accordance with the capacity of the place of PRAKERIN and scheduling supervisors in conducting visits. The method used is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which includes system analysis, system design, system implementation, and system operation. Whereas to analyze user system requirements using Flowmap analysis, Context Diagrams, Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD), Data Dictionaries, and Structure Charts. The design of the PRAKERIN data processing information system uses Microsoft Visual FoxPro 9.0 as a system implementation, report generation, and for database processing. Thus the system designed by the author is expected to facilitate the PRAKERIN data processing process so that it is more effective and efficient.

World Heath Organization (WHO) has five strategies to stop TBC spreading in the world. One of the strategies is how to control TBC spreading . This research significance is how to develop geographic information system (GIS) as the spreading control tool for government institution in South Jakarta District. The data collecting used several methods, such as observation, interview and questioner. The system development used predictive approach on five phases: planning, analysis, design, implementation and using. The tools of system analysis design in this research are Flowchart Diagram (FCD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relational Diagram (ERD) and Data Dictionary (DD), Structure Chart Diagram (SCD), and State Diagram (STD) with Microsoft (MS) Visio 2003 as Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool. ArcView 3.3 and Avenue used as software in coding process. The result is proposed system that supports the data processing and management, providing information based on spatial distribution patterns in the form of the visualization map display cases and supports functions related to decision making relates to control of TBC cases in South Jakarta area with provision of spatial information.

An examination of designer and user perceptions of JAD and the traditional IS design methodology

This article presents a formative intervention study, called Learning Lab that facilitated the collective design of a culturally responsive behavioral support system at an urban middle school in the United States. Learning Lab united parents, teachers, support staff, education leaders, and researchers, specifically those who have been historically excluded from schools’ problem-solving activities to address an inner contradiction that they face—racial disproportionality in school discipline. Learning Lab members excavated and analyzed the school’s discipline system with its activities and disturbances and designed a new school-wide behavioral support system that is responsive to diverse experiences, perspectives, practices, and goals of their school community. A qualitative analysis of the Learning Lab process was conducted related to the development of the new system. Members examined outcomes in the existing discipline system, identified daily manifestations of the inner contradiction and collectively designed a culturally responsive system. The study showed the “how” of a systemic design and transformation process that helped develop a deeper understanding of educational change as a form of collective learning. The study demonstrated how a secondary artifact (system mapping) might facilitate movement from problem-definition to envisioning new possibilities. Given the inability of top-down education policies to impact sustained systemic transformation in schools, Learning Lab provides an ecologically valid collective knowledge-production and systemic design process that shows the possibilities of transforming marginalizing systems from the ground-up and collectively envisioning schools as spaces of solidarity, emancipation, and innovation.

IntroductionConsumer health IT applications have the potential to improve quality, safety and efficiency of consumers' interactions with the healthcare system. Yet little attention has been paid to human factors and...

This dissertation studies the process of operations systems design within the context of the manufacturing organization. Using the DRAMA (Design Routine for Adopting Modular Assembly) model as developed by a team from the IDOM Research Unit at Aston University as a starting point, the research employed empirically based fieldwork and a survey to investigate the process of production systems design and implementation within four UK manufacturing industries: electronics assembly, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and carpet manufacturing. The intention was to validate the basic DRAMA model as a framework for research enquiry within the electronics industry, where the initial IDOM work was conducted, and then to test its generic applicability, further developing the model where appropriate, within the other industries selected. The thesis contains a review of production systems design theory and practice prior to presenting thirteen industrial case studies of production systems design from the four industry sectors. The results and analysis of the postal survey into production systems design are then presented. The strategic decisions of manufacturing and their relationship to production systems design, and the detailed process of production systems design and operation are then discussed. These analyses are used to develop the generic model of production systems design entitled DRAMA II (Decision Rules for Analysing Manufacturing Activities). The model contains three main constituent parts: the basic DRAMA model, the extended DRAMA II model showing the imperatives and relationships within the design process, and a benchmark generic approach for the design and analysis of each component in the design process. DRAMA II is primarily intended for use by researchers as an analytical framework of enquiry, but is also seen as having application for manufacturing practitioners.

Sahmadi Design is one of the many businesses that offer services design and development of existing homes in Banjarmasin. In offering design services, Design Sahmadi still use brochures and information by word of mouth so it felt less effective in the services market. Therefore, it is necessary to have an information system in terms of promoting home design services and construction of houses through online media. Sources used to collect data in this study were interviews, observation, literature study and documentation. The tools used to analyze consists of the Data Dictionary, DFD, context diagram, and Relation Table, while the programming language used is Adobe Dreamweaver using MySQL database. The end result of this research is the creation of an information system that makes it public in knowing information about home design services and construction of houses and simplify Sahmadi Design leadership in promoting business. The output of this research is a data report design services, construction services, confirmation of payment, type of home, and quality ingredients. Keywords: Design Services , Home, Adobe Dreamweaver