Author Biographies

272 Reviews campaigns for political reform and the abolition of slavery, as well as in primitivist accounts contrasting the lives of noble savages with those of 'civilized' man, and the gradual introduction of institutional support for writers, artists, and scientists, who previously had been dependent economically on aristocratic patronage. In The Romantic Period Jarvis and his editors follow the series style-with useful endmatter, including a chronology that contextualizes significant literary works, brief bibliographies of secondary literature for each chapter, and biographies of less well known figures -xcept in one important respect: the lack of illustrations, which would have enhanced the subsections on landscape gardening, painting, architecture, and prints. However, with his dense and allusive descriptions of modern historiography and contemporary controversies, Jarvis does provide a dexterous summary of critical work on the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and lecturers of ahistoricist cast eager to supplement their students' knowledge will no doubt find this volume invaluable. QUEEN MARY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MEGAN HIATT Romantic Biography. Ed. by ARTHUR BRADLEYand ALAN RAWES. Aldershot: Ashgate. 2003. XVii+ 202 pp. ?40. ISBN O-7546-o993-6. This stimulating collection of essays investigates the wide range of issues implied by the term 'Romantic biography', examining not only biographies of writers of the Romantic period (including Wordsworth, Clare, Southey, Austen, Byron, Burns, Scott, Keats, and Shelley), but also the degree towhich the form is itself shaped by assumptions about the self and its relations to creativity and society that are themselves Romantic. The volume is framed by two polemical essays that address particularly this question, the editors' introduction, which calls for Romantic biography to become both 'less Romanticized' by escaping these assumptions and 'more Romanticized' by bringing to light the hidden contexts of Romanticism (p. xii), and Ralph Pite's excellent closing essay, 'Writing Biography that is not Romantic', which argues that biography is 'worth reforming because it is ameans of revealing the social locatedness of particular selves' (p. 178). The collection begins with four essays by writers who are both Romantic biogra phers and literary critics. In the first, Michael O'Neill shows how the poems of the period are themselves engaged with the issues at stake inRomantic biography; they offer a complex treatment of selfhood and feeling that the biographer can never hope to equal. As O'Neill argues with reference to 'This Lime Tree Bower My Prison', 'what one wants is a biography as sensitive to the fluctuations of feeling as the poem itself.Which is to say, one wants the poem' (p. 7). It is testimony to both the power of O'Neill's argument and the brilliance of his readings that at the end of his essay it is indeed the poems he discusses that the reader wants to turn to, rather than the bio graphies of their writers. With a different readership inmind, Jonathan Bate argues strongly that it is literary biography, rather than academic literary criticism, that will bring John Clare to the attention of a large potential audience who 'would be com pelled by his life and work if only they knew about it' (p. i8). Mark Storey presents the aim of his biography of Robert Southey as being 'to set the record straight, to give as true a picture as possible' (p. 34), while Kenneth R. Johnston illuminatingly discusses the challenges presented to the biographer byWilliam Wordsworth's own self-creation as aRomantic figure. A concern with the extent towhich Romantic assumptions shape the biographies of Romantic subjects is shared by the next three essays. Joe Bray contrasts Claire Tomalin's and David Nokes's biographies of Jane Austen, showing how their dif fering attitudes to the relationship between the life and the novels informs their YES, 36.2, 2006 273 presentation of the writer, particularly in relation to the mysterious gaps in her life. Alan Rawes examines Benita Eisler's treatment of a similar mystery in Byron's life, demonstrating how her emphasis on the poet's incestuous relationship with his half sister (of which there is no decisive proof) is influenced by Byron's own fictions and by the Romantic model of poetry as self-expression. Similarly, Gerard Carruthers highlights the Romantic elements...

Hermas' 'Biography'

”Shiji‧Biography of WeiQi and WuAn Marquises” is a popular and well-known chapter in ”Shiji.” The reason that the two noblemen had their biography bound together has various saying and cross discussions with different views. Everyone has different comments and views without provenance but most of them can be justified. The purpose of writing this paper aims to outline the images of the characters in the biography by records of the two marquises in ”Shiji” but not exploring the rationality of having DouYing's and TianFen's biography bounded together. Due to the detailed biography of Guanfu, descriptions of the tone and image of the characters in the biography are vivid as happening in front of us now. In addition, although the character, JiFu is not well elaborated in Shiji, there is a chapter set in this paper for him since the character image worth some exploration. The portrayed speeches and behaviors of the characters can be described as vivid and profound, we seem that to hear their voices as witnessing their lives while reading. The characters of the two noblemen were revealed in the speech and act. In the disturbance of ”two marquises and a drinker,” the strife struggle for power between the ruling classes of the Western Han Dynasty Golden Age showing the sharp contradictions between the Dou and Tian family of the wives'. Evaluations of both DouYing and TianFen are classified by Sima Qian ”WeiQi's move is similar to Wu and Chu. The precious of WuAn is like the sun and moon.” Although both of then are from the wives' families, DouYing shined by his exploits while TianFen was popular by the nepotism of his family, revealed the better one. In this paper, character analysis of DouYing is summed as ”Not envy the vanity, not give up old friends” and ”Desire fame and lost in power” characterized TianFen, while GuanFu was characterized by ”bold courage without knowing the advance and retreat,” and JiFu is characterized by ”wise, informed, selfless and dispute resolving.”

The importance of this topic is attributed to its relation to the book of Allah (the Glorious Qur;an). When I read the book ‘At-Turjuman a’n Gharib Al-Qura’n’ of Tajuddin Abil-Mahasin Abdulbaqi Ibn Abdulmajeed Al-Yamani I found those who wrote about his biography they mentioned that he did not go deeper in meanings, and it is known that no one can write in this science except those who have wide knowledge in the speech of Arabs, how they use their native language. I chose the letters (of meanings) as an example to point out whether he had such knowledge in this field or not so that this paper focused on ‘the letters of meanings’. We spoke about the biography of the author and the books he wrote in language. There are many books for Tajuddin some of which had not been mentioned by those who wrote about his biography. I divided this paper into sections, one of which has been devoted for the letters of meanings, and tried to classify them according to the their numbers. This paper has an introduction including the biography of Tajuddin. The other four sections discussed the letters in question and the debate between Kufi and Basri grammarians. The paper is concluded with the most important results.

This research is based on research on curiosity towards the use of think writing method in biographical text learning in class X. The formulation of the method can be used to talk about it. in learning biographical texts? Method for learning on biographical texts on class X students from SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi. The method used is the experimental method. This study uses the design of one group pretest-posttest. The research data is quantitative data that is analyzed through statistical analysis techniques. Class X TEI-B with a total of 27 students being used as research samples. The results of the initial test and the final test were compared with the average initial test 38 and the average final test 75. So, it can be concluded that the Think Talk Write method is effectively used in learning to write biographical texts.

Objectives: This study contains a critical first edition of a text in the fields of Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence) and Jadal (Islamic Dialectics) by ʿImād al-Nūqānī, a prominent Shāfiʿī scholar in the disciplines of Fiqh, Uṣūl, and Jadal. The study also seeks to shed light on the author's biography, which remained obscure for an extended period. Methodology: The study employs an inductive approach based on collecting, analysing, comparing, and deducing information regarding the author's biography. It also utilises a historical method focused on authenticating the manuscript's attribution to the author through critical examination and validation of information on his person. Findings: Among the most significant findings of this study is the calculation of al-Nūqānī’s life span as being from the second decade to the end of the sixth century (or early seventh century) and the refutation of the manuscript's incorrect attribution to Fakhr al- Nūqānī. Originality: This study's value lies in its critical edition of a previously unedited text and in clarifying the author's biography. The text includes essential discussions such as objections to analogical reasoning (qiyās), the conditions for there being a qiyās al-ʿilla (analogical reasoning based on the effective cause), the organisation of objections in a debate, and the types of rational and transmitted evidence.

The article explores models of socialisation and gender identity at different stages of life-course
 and in different historical periods. Considerations are based on biographical approach and use data
 of the biographical contest “Story of My Life”. 
 During the process of socialisation gender identity is institutionally transmitted to individuals as a
 pattem of social behaviour. Gender identity embodies its own ideology and strategies of interpersonal interactions, where personal biography is a narrative about these interactions shaped by gender. Socialisation evolves as a constant interaction between author and his/her social milieu shaping identity of a person. Each member of society is involved in the process, but their age and in some respect the historical circumstances differently sets their status of a subject or an object of socialisation.
 Time (in this case a time period when individual was born and was more intensively engaged in socialisation) is a feature of modern bio graphy (a concept of V. Kavolis) and it allows to identify different worldviews of narrating individuals. Time demarcates traditional and modern worldviews and deterrnines reflexivity of the author. Nevertheless, analysing the collected biographies it is hard to differentiate pure traditional or pure modern ones. To be more precise, the features of modern biographies are usually incorporated into traditional-epic narratives of life stories. On the one hand the relationship of traditional/modem can be understood as a constituent of the narrative, on the other hand it is a representation of the modern worldview in reflexive narration. The traditional framework of narrative contains definite models of gender identities. Traditional duality differentiation of gender roles and structure of patriarchal opposition - is presented as social reality in biographical narratives. The differentiation is imperative and is a warrant of social order and gender identity. But several narratives about the self neglect such manifest differentiation of gender roles. Main distinction of feminine or masculine biographies is based on different perception of self-estimation and social integration.

This dissertation is divided into seven section. The first section is the foreword, and simply describes intellectual develpments in the study of the Classics from the Sung to the mid-Ming. The author notes that this period witnessed a rapid decline in Han studies (”Han-hsueh”), but by the mid-Ming, scholars such as Wang Ao, Yang Shen, and Cheng Hsiao had already begun to emphasize the importance of ”Han-hsueh”. The second section covers Chu's life and writings. Chu was a sixth generation descendant of the Chou-ting King Chu Suh. Chu once held the post of ”chou fan tsong cheng”, and advocated research of the Classics. His own most famous work on the Classics is the ”Shou Jing T'u”. The third section discusses the general form of Chu's text and his motivation in writing it. According to Chu's statements, he wrote the book in order to promote ”Han-hsueh”. The work is divided into five parts, covering the ”Chou I”, ”Shang Shu”, ”Shi Jing”, ”Ch'un-ch'iu”, and the ”Li Jing”. Each part contains four chapters, arranged topically as follows: a general outline, a chart detailing the origin and spread of teachings on the Classic under discussion, a biography of the scholars associated with these teachings, and a list of these scholars' writings pertaining to each Classic. The fourth section discusses the selection of materials in Chu's book. Chu relied on Chang Ru-yu's ”Ch'un Shu K'ao Suo”, revising and expanding Chang's charts detailing the origin and spread of teachings on the Classics mentioned above. Biographical materials were drawn from the biographies of the ”Shi Chi”, the ”Han Shu”, and the ”Later Han Shu”. Chu's list of scholarly writings on the Classics generally relied on Cheng Ch'iao's ”Tong Chih Lue”, supplemented by private collections and catalogs. The fifth section looks at the supplement to Chu's text written by Huang Yu-chi and Kong Hsiang-ling. Huang corrected what he believed were mistakes by Chu regarding other books, chapters, and authors. Huang also added biographical material on 255 ku-uien and chin-wen authors and 741 notes on the Classics. Finally, Huang rearranged biographical materials in the section on the ”Shang Shu”. The sixth section discusses the significance and influence of the ”Shou Jing T'u”. The book had a significant influence on the general form of Chu Yi-tsun's compilation, the ”Jing I K'ao”. The author also notes that, after the Han Dynasty, scholarly compilations on Han teachers of the Classics all followed the conventions set in Chu's ”Shou Jing T'u”. In the concluding section the author discusses the stimulating effect that the ”Shou Jing T'u” had on ”Han-hsueh” after the middle of the Ming Dynasty.

The present contribution is focused upon a treasure-text (gter ma) brought to light by a lady called bDe-chen Chos-kyi dBang-mo, who was born in Nyag-[rong]-shod, the lower part of present-day dKar-mdzes (Ganzi) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, in 1868. The text, discovered in 1918 at the holy mountain of rGyal-mo-rong, rGyal-mo Mu-rdo (mDo-khams/Sichuan), is entitled mKha’ ’gro rgya mtsho’i rnam thar gsang ba’i mdzod nyi ma’i snying po mun sel sgron ma, The Secret Treasure of Biographies of the Ocean of Sky-Goers (Ḍākinīs), Lamp that Dispels Darkness, Quintessence of the Sun. So far, this inedited text seems to be the only Bonpo gter ma revealed or discovered by a woman. It consists of a collection of 16 biographies of female figures, including those of Maṇḍarava and Ye-shes mTsho-rgyal. The text is analyzed in its essential features, while the biographies are presented in an abridged form, and commented as to their specific and general patterns.

There have been wars since the beginning of the history. Wars are the most common ways for human beings to deal with conflicts. Therefore, there were many records about wars in the historical books. As a result, the writors had to face the problems of handling the war plots when they narrated the historical stories. Although historical biographies and historical novels were about the wars, they were different in the narrating ways. Besides, perhaps there was something worthy of thinking in the meanings of narrating. Since the historical noves were retrieved from the historical biographies, was there a continuation of some cultural spirit? Did they have the same value and reflection on the meaning of wars? Therefore, this study was aimed to write from the perspective of the war meaning. It would focus on the Ming Qing Jia Jiang Novels. By the comparison between the ancient war ideas and the narrative contents of the novels, the reflections of the historical novels on the meanings of wars were explored. And then, the continual value of historical biographies to the historical noves in cultural spirit was proved.

Reconstructing Biography - Based on the biography of a male elderly -

This translocational biography provides an interpretation of the life of Catholic philanthropist, colonial parliamentarian and civil engineer Charles Gordon O’Neill (1828-1900). Focusing on the two most significant elements in his life, commitment to faith-based charity and professional ambition in pursuit of an empire career in civil engineering, it also examines the balance between O’Neill’s Irish Catholic and British identities. Covering O’Neill’s life in Victorian Scotland (1828-1863), colonial New Zealand (1864-1880) and pre-Federation New South Wales (1881-1900), the biography traces the sequence and patterns of these two respective elements through a broadly chronological theme-based historiography. This biography analyses O’Neill’s greatest professional achievements, particularly in New Zealand in such endeavours as town planning, and railways and tramways development. It also reveals his prescient environmental concerns, through his promotion of forest conservation and the advocacy of global forest-climate connection in the New Zealand Parliament between 1868 and 1874. Of more enduring memory was O’Neill’s commitment to faith-based charity through his pioneering of the St Vincent de Paul Society in all three societies. The defining moment of his life was to embrace a faith-based mission to the Australian colonies beginning in 1880, leading to the establishment of the St Vincent de Paul Society in New South Wales. The growth of the Society’s outdoor relief for the poor in Sydney owed much to the expertise O’Neill gained previously in Glasgow and Wellington. The thesis explains the Catholic religious influences that transformed O’Neill into a pioneer of non-intrusive charity during the 1880s. A key theme, examining three cycles of the vicissitudes of O’Neill’s life, reveals the pattern of fusion and fragmentation of the two elements of commitment to faith-based charity and professional ambition. The thesis concludes with a brief thanatography and analysis of subsequent hagiographic interpretations of O’Neill’s life that had ended with a final submission in faith.

The focus of this chapter is young people’s participation in sport and leisure and their careers in these domains. More particularly, we will examine the some of the benefits, and some of the challenges, of studying young people’s lives biographically and longitudinally and how such an approach has a number of advantages for researchers interested in making sense of youth, sport and leisure careers. In doing so, we shall argue that because ‘there has long been a tendency to study (interrelated) aspects of people’s lives – and, for that matter, people themselves in isolation’ (Green, 2014a: 160), a vital pre-requisite of any analysis of young people’s lives involves locating these within the complex interdependencies to which they belonged in the past, and continue to form in the present. While such an approach might seem axiomatic to sociologists of sport and leisure, ‘most of the literature on young people and physical activity ignores the complexity and diversity of young people’s lives’ (Wright and MacDonald, 2010: 1). In other words, many studies fail frequently to take into account how young people’s choices and participation in activities such as sport and leisure ‘are made in the context of their personal biographies and the political, economic, cultural and geographical contexts of their everyday lives’ (Wright and MacDonald, 2010: 2). In this chapter, we shall argue that two dimensions of youth biographies – habitus formation and capital development – are among the key processes which need to be better understood if we are to make more adequate sociological sense of the reality of young people’ sporting and leisure lives, and the contexts in which those lives are enacted.

It is a well-known fact that the analysis of the time dimension represents a useful instrument both for charting the complex field of social changes in which we find ourselves, as well as for defining an efficient code for interpretation. In particular, a reflection on time and gender allows us to bring to the foreground relevant dimensions of these changes. By making use of the results of some of the research on young women’s biographic construction, the article aims at highlighting the relationship between gender, the acknowledgment of the multiplicity of human times, and the present restructuring of biographical narratives.

From Vincent Brome, Confessions of a Writer (London: Hutchinson, 1970) pp. 111–12. Vincent Brome (b. 1910), biographer, novelist, playwright and journalist, visited Shaw in the hope of interviewing him about a proposed biography of H. G. Wells. Brome’s biography of Wells was published in 1951. The mention of Shaw’s age suggests that this visit took place in 1934.