Bandwidth aggregation in allied WiFi routers

Technological Innovation and Quality Improvement in U.S. Broadband

In Internet transactions, customers and service providers often interact once and anonymously. To prevent deceptive behavior a reputation system is particularly important to reduce information asymmetries about the quality of the offered product or service. In this study we examine the effectiveness of a reputation system to reduce information asymmetries when customers may make mistakes in judging the provided service quality. In our model, a service provider makes strategic quality choices and short-lived customers are asked to evaluate the observed quality by providing ratings to a reputation system. The customer is not able to always evaluate the service quality correctly and possibly submits an erroneous rating according to a predefined probability. Considering reputation profiles of the last three sales, within the theoretical model we derive that the service provider’s dichotomous quality decisions are independent of the reputation profile and depend only on the probabilities of receiving positive and negative ratings when providing low or high quality. Thus, a service provider optimally either maintains a good reputation or completely refrains from any reputation building process. However, when mapping our theoretical model to an experimental design we find that a significant share of subjects in the role of the service provider deviates from optimal behavior and chooses actions which are conditional on the current reputation profile. With respect to these individual quality choices we see that subjects use milking strategies which means that they exploit a good reputation. In particular, if the sales price is high, low quality is delivered until the price drops below a certain threshold, and then high quality is chosen until the price increases again.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) is developing an architecture for Next Generation Network (NGN) to provide end-to-end Quality of Service (e2e QoS), for which Internet service provider (ISP) interconnections play a key role. Furthermore, for an effective e2e QoS-guaranteed interconnection across multiple ISPs, it is of a great help to develop a framework which enables ISPs to trade their unused network capacity. This study presents Hub-and-Spoke (H&S) interconnection model, where the hub called Neutral Internet Business eXchange (NIBX) arranges Bandwidth Trading (BT) on the basis of the market mechanism. After introducing qualitative and quantitative justifications of the H&S NIBX interconnection model, we propose a platform prototype for BT based upon the H&S NIBX architecture. Presented also are some detailed descriptions of key functional elements together with decision models embedded in the functions. Operations scenarios show potential benefits of the NIBX + BT architecture for ensuring e2e QoS, the ultimate goal of ITU-T’s NGN.

From the viewpoint of service level agreements (SLAs), Internet service providers and customers are gradually focusing on transmission accuracy. The Internet service provider should provide the specific bandwidth and individual accuracy rate requirement by their SLAs to each customer. This paper mainly evaluates the system reliability that a stochastic computer network can fulfill all requirements at all sinks. An efficient algorithm is proposed to generate the lower boundary points, minimal capacity vectors satisfying the demand and accuracy rate requirement for all sinks. The system reliability can be computed in terms of such points by applying recursive sum of disjoint products.

The continuous growth in volume of Internet traffic, including VoIP, IPTV and user-generated content, requires improved routing mechanisms that satisfy the requirements of both the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that manage the network and the end-users that are the sources and sinks of data. The objectives of these two players are different, since ISPs are typically interested in ensuring optimised network utilisation and high throughput whereas end-users might require a low-delay or a high-bandwidth path. In this paper, we present our UAESR (Utilisation-Aware Edge Selected Routing) algorithm, which aims to satisfy both players' demands concurrently by selecting paths that are a good compromise between the two players' objectives. We demonstrate by simulation that this algorithm allows both actors achieve their goals. The results support our argument that our cooperative approach achieves effective network resource engineering at the same time as offering routing flexibility and good quality of service to end-users.

In next generation wireless networks, Internet service providers (ISPs) are expected to offer services through several wireless technologies (e.g., WLAN, 3G, WiFi, and WiMAX). Thus, mobile computers equipped with multiple interfaces will be able to maintain simultaneous connections with different networks and increase their data communication rates by aggregating the bandwidth available at these networks. To guarantee quality-of-service (QoS) for these applications, this paper proposes a dynamic QoS negotiation scheme that allows users to dynamically negotiate the service levels required for their traffic and to reach them through one or more wireless interfaces. Such bandwidth aggregation (BAG) scheme implies transmission of data belonging to a single application via multiple paths with different characteristics, which may result in an out-of-order delivery of data packets to the receiver and introduce additional delays for packets reordering. The proposed QoS negotiation system aims to ensure the continuity of QoS perceived by mobile users while they are on the move between different access points, and also, a fair use of the network resources. The performance of the proposed dynamic QoS negotiation system is investigated and compared against other schemes. The obtained results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed scheme as it enhances the scalability of the system and minimizes the reordering delay and the associated packet loss rate.

Competition, the consumer, and local decision making: public power's importance role

This current study purposes to identify the relationships between service recovery strategies, service recovery satisfaction, and both dimensions of customer loyalty in regard to Internet providers using the partial least squares (PLS-SEM) approach on a sample of 430 internet customers in Egypt.This study contributes insights into how seven service recovery strategies affected customer loyalty with its both attitudinal and behavioral dimensions directly and indirectly via service recovery satisfaction. These insights are helpful for service managers faced with service failure and academicians interested in how service providers respond to service failures and customer dissatisfaction in the B2C context.The results of this study show that some SR strategies positively influence both service recovery satisfaction and customer loyalty toward internet providers. Furthermore, service recovery satisfaction positively influencing the customer loyalty. In addition, SRS plays a mediating role in the relationship between SR strategies and customer loyalty. The results highlight that internet service providers should implement SR strategies quickly and with an empathetic manner to satisfy customers and to encourage customer's loyalty. Finally, some implications and further research directions were presented.

Cloud-based data access control security systems (CSDA) are the most versatile and elegant choice for SMEs and mid-sized enterprises. Storage, The idea of "the cloud" refers to the use of remote servers and data centers maintained by a third party, in this example, an internet service provider. There is no longer a need to invest in specialized data storage facilities due to the availability of on-demand data storage infrastructure with elastic storage capacity and variable storage prices. Authentication of Internet of Things devices is crucial for establishing that linked gadgets are what they claim to be. To reduce the likelihood of malicious behavior, access control regulates the access to the resources under the conditions. For cloud storage to function, at least one data server must be connected to the internet. Data supplied over the internet to a data server might be stored in "the cloud," where a copy of the data is kept. When necessary, the user may access this information through a web-based interface. The major issues with cloud computing are related to people's expectations of privacy and data security. Cryptography and other security methods may help keep personal information safe and secure.

Special Issue: Smart Satellite Systems

Broadband digital subscriber line (DSL) access for small business and residential customers is one of the most important new services currently being offered by network and service providers. To date, DSL service providers are still in need of an advanced loop qualification system that can minimize qualification errors. Loop qualification consists of determining whether a loop can support DSL services or not and, generally, the estimate of the loop transfer function is sufficient for such purposes. We propose here to solve a more ambitious problem: single ended automatic loop make-up identification (LMID), i.e. the determination of the length and the gauge of all loop sections (including bridged taps) via single-ended testing without human intervention. It is proposed here to use time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements, which are analyzed by a novel step-by-step ML algorithm, to achieve accurate LMID. This problem is equivalent to resolving via a single sensor experiment an unknown number of closely spaced echoes, some overlapping some not, which exhibit unknown amplitudes, unknown times of arrival and unknown shapes.

Devices connect to a wireless local area network (WLAN) with Wi-Fi communication (see Chapter 7 (Wireless local area network)). A router connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), through a telephone line using DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology, provides access to the Internet (see Figure 8-1). The Internet is formed by interconnected computer networks using the Internet Protocol suite, consisting of the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), to globally link devices. The World Wide Web (WWW) identifies information resources by URLs (Uniform Resource Locators). The client or web browser, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox, sends an HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) request to the server device hosting the resource to retrieve information at the web address defined by the URL. The server responds to the client HTTP request, and the client displays the requested web page information on the Android tablet or mobile phone. The client must request web page information from the server, as the server cannot impose updates on the client. The exception is WebSocket, as discussed in Chapter 9.

Edge computing system is facing real challenges with the evolution of new information and communication technologies (ICT). In addition, with the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) and real-time services, current edge computing system is becoming an architecture that is inappropriate for some services that require ultra low-latency and very high throughput. In order to meet all the requirements of these services, a new edge computing architecture is required. For this purpose, Home Edge Computing (HEC) architecture has been proposed. However, edge computing system has encountered some issues such as resource limitation on home servers. Furthermore, most distributed systems (e.g. HEC) operate in online mode. In other words, once failures occur in the Internet (remote servers), applications/services will be not longer accessible. In this paper, we propose HEC-NerveNet architecture, a technique based on the HEC architecture and NerveNet technology (HEC-N), to allow users to have continuity of services (resilient), even if they do not access to the remote servers (cloud computing). As a reminder, NerveNet is a resilient distributed architecture that we proposed in 2011 after the natural disaster in Japan. It allows maintaining connectivity and services in case of network failure. In addition, NerveNet solution allows the automatic clustering, and fast recovery thanks to the mesh topology on NerveNet network. This can overcome the need to manually create clusters in the HEC architecture. In the simulation, we prove that our proposal (HEC- N) is very suitable for resilient architecture and the need for future generation networks (beyond 5G/6G networks) with improving the metrics such as ultra-low latency and very high throughput compared with the current HEC and NerveNet systems.

Efficient generation of self-avoiding, semiflexible rotational isomeric chain ensembles in bulk, in confined geometries, and on surfaces

The MAC layer protocols utilizing enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) in the recently published IEEE 802.11-2007 are able to provide differentiated QoS for different traffic types in wireless networks through varying the Arbitration Inter-Frame Spaces (AIFS) and contention window sizes. However, the performance of high priority traffic can be seriously degraded in the presence of strong noise over the wireless channels. The noise problem is further aggravated in wireless mesh networks when packets traverse multiple-hops from source to destination. The noise problem can be mitigated by distributing network traffic across multiple vacant channels to reduce the node density per transmission channel. Although multiple non-overlapped channels exist in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz spectrum, most IEEE 802.11-based multi-hop ad hoc networks today use only a single channel at anytime. As a result, these networks cannot fully exploit the aggregate bandwidth available in the radio spectrum provisioned by the standards. In this paper, we propose the Power-Controlled Rate-Adaptive MAC (CPCRA) protocol for single transceiver based Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) which combines adaptive modulation and coding with dynamic spectrum access. Simulation results demonstrate that CPCRA can achieve better performance in terms of lower delay and higher throughput.