Bott periodicity and calculus of Euler classes on spheres

We study maps from a smooth scheme to a motivic sphere in the Morel–Voevodsky \mathbb{A}^1 -homotopy category, i.e., motivic cohomotopy sets. Following Borsuk, we show that, in the presence of suitable hypotheses on the dimension of the source, motivic cohomotopy sets can be equipped with functorial abelian group structures. We then explore links between motivic cohomotopy groups, Euler class groups à la Nori–Bhatwadekar–Sridharan and Chow–Witt groups. We show that, again under suitable hypotheses on the base field {k} , if {X} is a smooth affine k -variety of dimension d , then the Euler class group of codimension d cycles coincides with the codimension d Chow–Witt group; the identification proceeds by comparing both groups with a suitable motivic cohomotopy group. As a byproduct, we describe the Chow group of zero cycles on a smooth affine k -scheme as the quotient of the free abelian group on zero cycles by the subgroup generated by reduced complete intersection ideals; this answers a question of S. Bhatwadekar and R. Sridharan.

Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring of dimension~$d$ and \[ B=R[X_1,\ldots ,X_m,Y_1^{\pm 1},\ldots ,Y_n^{\pm 1}] \] a Laurent polynomial ring over $R$. If $A=B[Y,f^{-1}]$ for some $f\in R[Y]$, then we prove the following results: (i) if $f$ is a monic polynomial, then the Serre dimension of $A$ is $\leq d$. The case $n=0$ is due to Bhatwadekar, without the condition that $f$ is a monic polynomial. (ii) The $p$th Euler class group $E^p(A)$ of $A$, defined by Bhatwadekar and Sridharan, is trivial for $p\geq \max \{d+1,\dim A -p+3\}$. The case $m=n=0$ is due to Mandal and Parker.

The Euler class group of a polynomial algebra

In this paper we construct Stiefel-Whitney and Euler classes in Chow cohomology for algebraic vector bundles with nondegenerate quadratic form. These classes are not in the algebra generated by the Chern classes of such bundles and are new characteristic classes in algebraic geometry. On complex varieties, they correspond to classes with the same name pulled back from the cohomology of the classifying space BSO(N,C). The classes we construct are the only new characteristic classes in algebraic geometry coming from the classical groups ([T2], [EG]). We begin by using the geometry of quadric bundles to study Chern classes of maximal isotropic subbundles. If V → X is a vector bundle with quadratic form, and if E and F are maximal isotropic subbundles of V then we prove (Theorem 1) that ci(E) and ci(F ) are equal mod 2. Moreover, if the rank of V is 2n, then cn(E) = ±cn(F ), proving a conjecture of Fulton. We define Stiefel-Whitney and Euler classes as Chow cohomology classes which pull back to Chern classes of maximal isotropic subbundles of the pullback bundle. Using the above theorem we show (Theorem 2) that these classes exist and are unique, even though V need not have a maximal isotropic subbundle. These constructions also make it possible to give “Schubert” presentations,

We discuss secondary (and higher) characteristic classes for algebraic vector bundles with trivial top Chern class. We then show that if $X$ is a smooth affine scheme of dimension $d$ over a field $k$ of finite 2-cohomological dimension (with $\mathrm{char}(k)\neq 2)$ and $E$ is a rank $d$ vector bundle over $X$, vanishing of the Chow-Witt theoretic Euler class of $E$ is equivalent to vanishing of its top Chern class and these higher classes. We then derive some consequences of our main theorem when $k$ is of small 2-cohomological dimension.

Let X denote an oriented differentiable manifold of dimension n and ? an oriented foliation' of dimension p < n. We ask whether there exists an oriented foliation ?' of X by leaves of dimension p + 1 which is concordant with ? in the sense that each p-leaf of ? lies on a single (p + 1)-leaf of ?'. This is clearly a basic question in the theory of foliations, and we shall refer to it as the first extension problem. Let us suppose, for the moment, that ? constitutes an actual fibering of X, so that there exists a base manifold M of dimension n - p and a projection map r: X -- M Let X denote an oriented differentiable manifold of dimension n and ? an oriented foliation' of dimension p < n. We ask whether there exists an oriented foliation ?' of X by leaves of dimension p + 1 which is concordant with ? in the sense that each p-leaf of ? lies on a single (p + 1)-leaf of ?'. This is clearly a basic question in the theory of foliations, and we shall refer to it as the first extension problem. Let us suppose, for the moment, that ? constitutes an actual fibering of X, so that there exists a base manifold M of dimension n - p and a projection map r: X -- M with ? = { ~-l(x) :x e M}. It is apparent that an oriented foliation ?' of X by (p + 1)-leaves concordant to ? is now equivalent to a direction field on M, in which case the topological obstruction to the first extension problem is none other than the Euler class of the tangent bundle to M. For an arbitrary foliation ?, on the other hand, the leaf-space A (which results from the identification of all points lying on a single leaf of ?) is usually not a manifold and quite unsuitable to give us an Euler class, since it carries no natural vector bundle. Let us recall at this point that in a previous paper2 we have introduced a category e which extends the category C of topological spaces and continuous maps, and we have shown that a foliation S canonically determines an object 9c in e which generalizes the notion of a base manifold. In particular, whenever ? does admit a classical base manifold M, C is naturally isomorphic to M in C. In general, S occupies an intermediate position between X and A (there exist natural projections X - 9C -- A), and appears to be a more suitable candidate for the role of a base manifold than the classical leaf-space A. This raises the question whether by a suitable development of these ideas it may not be possible to define a notion of object tangent bundle to 9C and a corresponding Euler class which will constitute an obstruction for the first extension

For a commutative ring A we study here the Grothendieck group, K0A, of finitely generated projective A-modules, and the Picard group, Pic (A), of projective modules of rank one (under (?A). Writing koA for the elements of rank zero in KOA, there is an epimorphism det: K0A Pic (A) defined by the rth exterior power of a projective module of rank r. Our original objective was to calculate KJ(Zw), where w is a finitely generated abelian group. We do this in ? 8. The bulk of the paper is a rather general discussion of the techniques, some already familiar in other contexts, which we use to make this calculation. Our procedure is to decompose w as w0 x T, with w0 a finite group and T free abelian, and then to write Zw= A[T] where A = Zw0. Then A is a noetherian ring of (Krull) dimension one. For such an A we show (Theorem 7.8) that det: ko(A[T]) Pic (A[T]) is an isomorphism. In ?9 we prove also a non-stable analogue of this for T of rank <2. In ?8 we show (Theorem 8.1) that

Vanishing powers of the Euler class

In this paper, by considering a bundle of algebras on a manifold, we construct a vector bundle that naturally contains the tangent bundle of that manifold and has the most important properties of tangent bundles. This vector bundle can be considered as an extended tangent bundle associated to that algebra bundle. To this end, we consider the algebra of the sections of that algebra bundle and find all derivations on this algebra. These derivations are related to the sections of a vector bundle that is the desired bundle. We also investigate the concepts of connection and metric on this extended tangent bundle and prove the existence of the Levi-Civita connection of a metric on the extended tangent bundle.

Introduction. In the theory of differentiable fibre bundles, with a Lie group as structure group, the notion of a connection plays an important role. In this paper we shall consider complex analytic connections in complex analytic fibre bundles. The situation is then radically different from that in the differentiable case. In the differentiable case connections always exist, but may not be integrable; in the complex analytic case connections may not exist at all. In both cases we are led therefore to certain obstructions, an obstruction to the integrability of a connection in the differentiable case, an obstruction to the existence of a connection in the complex analytic case. It is a basic theorem that, if the structure group is compact, the obstruction in the differentiable case (the curvature) generates the characteristic cohomology ring of the bundle (with real coefficients). What we shall show is that, in a large class of important cases, the obstruction in the complex analytic case also generates the characteristic cohomology ring. Using this fact we can then give a purely cohomological definition of the characteristic ring. This has a number of advantages over the differentiable approach: in the first place the definition is a canonical one, not depending on an arbitrary choice of connection; secondly we remain throughout in the complex analytic domain, our characteristic classes being expressed as elements of cohomology groups with coefficients in certain analytic sheaves; finally the procedure can be carried through without change for algebraic fibre bundles. The ideas outlined above are developed in considerable detail, and they are applied in particular to a problem first studied by Weil [17], namely the problem of characterizing those fibre bundles which arise from a representation of the fundamental group. We show how Weil's main result fits into the general picture, and we discuss various aspects of the problem. As no complete exposition of the theory of complex analytic fibre bundles has as yet been published, this paper should start with a basic exposition of this nature. However this would be a major undertaking in itself, and instead we shall simply summarize in ?1 the terminology and results on vector bundles which we require, and for the rest we refer to Grothendieck [8], Serre [12], and Hirzebruch [9].

Given any family of cubic fields defined by local conditions at finitely many primes, we determine the mean number of 2-torsion elements in the class groups and narrow class groups of these cubic fields when ordered by their absolute discriminants. For an order $\cal O$ in a cubic field, we study the three groups: $\rm Cl_2(\cal O)$, the group of ideal classes of $\cal O$ of order 2; $\rm Cl^+_2(\cal O)$, the group of narrow ideal classes of $\cal O$ of order 2; and ${\cal I}_2(\cal O)$, the group of ideals of $\cal O$ of order 2. We prove that the mean value of the difference $|\rm Cl_2({\cal O})|-\frac14|{\cal I}_2(\cal O)|$ is always equal to $1$, whether one averages over the maximal orders in real cubic fields, over all orders in real cubic fields, or indeed over any family of real cubic orders defined by local conditions. For the narrow class group, we prove that the mean value of the difference $|\rm Cl^+_2({\cal O})|-|{\cal I}_2(\cal O)|$ is equal to $1$ for any such family. For any family of complex cubic orders defined by local conditions, we prove similarly that the mean value of the difference $|\rm Cl_2(\mathcal O)|-\frac12|{\cal I}_2(\cal O)|$ is always equal to $1$, independent of the family. The determination of these mean numbers allows us to prove a number of further results as by-products. Most notably, we prove---in stark contrast to the case of quadratic fields---that: 1) a positive proportion of cubic fields have odd class number; 2) a positive proportion of real cubic fields have isomorphic 2-torsion in the class group and the narrow class group; and 3) a positive proportion of real cubic fields contain units of mixed real signature. We also show that a positive proportion of real cubic fields have narrow class group strictly larger than the class group, and thus a positive proportion of real cubic fields do not possess units of every possible real signature.

Zero cycles and the Euler class groups of smooth real affine varieties

The Euler class group of a polynomial algebra II

Real elements in the mapping class group of [formula omitted

Let k be an algebraic number field of finite degree or an algebraic function field of dimension 1 with finite constant field and let K/k be a finite, separably Galois extension field. We call an algebraic extension field L, not necessarily Galois nor necessarily of finite degree, of K an everywhere locally abelian extension, denoted in the following as EL-abelian extension, for brevity, of K over k, if and only if for every finite extension L' of K in L and every valuation v of L it holds that the completion field Lv' of L' with reference to v is a composition field of KV and an abelian extension Mv of kv in Lv', where we denote by kv and KV the closures of k and K in Lv', respectively. Let Q be an algebraic closure of K, BK/k the maximum separably EL-abelian extension of K/k in Q, CK/k the maximum separably central extension of K/k in Q (i.e. the maximum extension CK/k which is separably normal over k, contains K, and has the Galois group of CK/k/K in the center of the Galois group of CK/k/k), Ik and IK the groups of the ideles of k and K, Ak and AK the maximum separably abelian extensions of k and K in Q, respectively. Let DK/k=BK/k nCKIk. Then, the norm residue symbol 0Jk in Ak/k is, if restricted into NK/kIK, extensible into a homomorphism UK/k of NK/kIK into the Galois group G(DK/k/K). We shall study in the present article arithmetical meanings of the extensibility. In ?1, we shall define oUK/k precisely, in ?2, study the kernel and obtain a principal genus theorem (Theorem 2), from which will follow easily a certain generalized formulation of some fundamental theorems in the class field theory.1 Combining it with a known property2 of the quotient group of the connected component of the unit element of the idele class group by the natural image of the maximal compact subgroup of the connected component of the unit element of the idele group, we shall obtain, in ?3, our main result (Theorem 8), which concerns total norm residues in the principal idele group of k for K/k, and which is, the author thinks, an idele-theoretic reconstruction of a research of Scholz.3