Cache Placement in an NDN-Based LEO Satellite Network Constellation

Exploring interoperability assessment for Future Internet Architectures roll out

Named data networking (NDN) is a new and promising Internet architecture, which aims to replace the current transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP)-based Internet. The NDN internet architecture has introduced several benefits in numerous applications. An NDN-based indoor positioning and navigation system can further optimize existing localization technologies with reduced the server load and faster response time. In this study, an NDN-based approach for the existing Wi-Fi fingerprinting-based indoor positioning and navigation was investigated. Among the many features of NDN, the network-level caching can reduce the computational load and response time of the localization and navigation server. The theoretical analysis of the runtime complexity shows that the NDN's network-level caching performance is better than those of the conventional algorithms. In this paper, naming methods for different services and a server-side algorithm for handling the NDN requests are proposed. The real-world implantation and testing results show a better overall performance than that of TCP/IP. This network-level optimization for indoor positioning and navigation opens new opportunities because it can be combined with other application-level optimization techniques for more efficient indoor positioning and navigation in the future.

Given the current expansion of cloud computing, the expected advent of the Internet of Things, and the requirements of future fifth‐generation network infrastructures, significantly larger pools of computational and storage resources will soon be required. This emphasizes the need for more scalable data centers that are capable of providing such an amount of resources in a cost‐effective way. A quick look into today's commercial data centers shows that they tend to rely on variations of well‐defined leaf‐spine/Clos data center network (DCN) topologies, offering low latency, ultrahigh bisectional bandwidth, and enhanced reliability against concurrent failures. However, DCNs are typically restricted by the use of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite, thus suffering limited routing scalability. In this work, we study the benefits that replacing TCP/IP with the recursive internetwork architecture (RINA) can bring into commercial DCNs, focusing on forwarding and routing scalability. We quantitatively evaluate the benefits that RINA solutions can yield against those based on TCP/IP and highlight how, by deploying RINA, topological routing solutions can improve even more the efficiency of the network. To this goal, we propose a rule‐and‐exception forwarding policy tailored to the characteristics of several DCN variants, enabling fast forwarding decisions with merely neighbors' information. Upon failures, few exceptions are necessary, whose computation can also profit from the known topology. Extensive numerical results show that the proposed policy requirements depend mainly on the number of neighbors and concurrent failures in the DCN rather than its size, dramatically reducing the amount of forwarding and routing information stored at DCN nodes.

This demo provides a comparison between the content-oriented Named-Data Networking (NDN) architecture supported by cache cloudlets, called CLONE, and the existing location-oriented TCP/IP architecture. CLONE aims to address the challenges of poor mobile network coverage and/or high data roaming charges for tourists at remote tourist sites. To achieve this, CLONE places cloudlets at the edge of an NDN network, close to end-users. The comparison between CLONE and TCP/IP is based on the Discover Places Android application, a virtual tour guide that delivers both audio and visual content to tourists in popular locations in Ireland. This demo aims to explore the Quality-of-Experience (QoE) of end-users under both network architectures over the 2G, LTE and Wi-Fi technologies.

As small satellites become more capable through miniaturized electronics and on-board processing, constellations of low-cost satellites lunched in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) become feasible. The increase in the number of LEO satellites drives the need for frequency coexistence between the LEO constellation systems with the already existing geostationary (GSO) satellite networks. In this context, it is crucial to design the communication links paying special attention to interference analysis. This is particularly true when the LEO satellite constellation exploit inter-satellite communication links (ISL). In this paper, a radio frequency interference analysis based on simulation of the dynamic satellite constellation is presented and the design parameters of the inter-satellite links are analyzed. The results suggest that carefully choosing the design parameters of the intersatellite links, spectrum coexistence of LEO and GSO networks may be possible.

The demand for real-time data in a modern battlefield is increasing exponentially. As a result, current military network paradigms and architectures are struggling to cope with increasing capacity demands at the tactical edge. Unfortunately, rescaling existing network architectures will not be a permanent solution to the problem. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a 3- tiered Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture consisting of heterogeneous Dense Networks (DenseNets), which is a highly condensed deployment of relatively small, lowpowered femtocells, at the tactical edge. The proposed 3-tiered SDN architecture abstracts the Land Tactical Network (LTN) as the Physical Layer, the Battlefield Tactical Network (BTN) as the Control Layer, and the Joint Task Force Headquarters (JTFHQ) as the Management Layer. The simulation and results confirm the architecture’s capability for providing interoperability between heterogeneous communications equipment and supporting high capacity demands within limited and unreliable networking infrastructure in battlefield environments.

Named Data Networking is one of the most promising future Internet architectures with many advanced characteristics that are lacking in the existing TCP/IP-based Internet architecture. NDN features named content, built-in security, in-network caching, adaptive traffic routing, and multi-path forwarding. NDN can be used to mitigate traffic congestion and prioritize critical messages in both wired and wireless networks. It has particular advantages to deliver traffic over a disrupted and highly dynamic network environment because of its delay-tolerant and content-centric features. However, very few works have shown the real-world capacity of NDN over different types of network links. In this work, we benchmark the performance of NDN in various real network settings and make side-by-side comparisons with TCP/IP based approaches. We also demonstrate the strong capabilities of flexible forwarding strategies through prioritizing critical traffic over the network.

This article describes how the named data networking (NDN) has recently received a lot of attention as a potential information-centric networking (ICN) architecture for the future Internet. The NDN paradigm has a great potential to efficiently address and solve the current seminal IP-based IoT architecture issues and requirements. NDN can be used with different sets of caching algorithms and caching replacement policies. The authors investigate the most suitable combination of these two features to be implemented in an IoT environment. For this purpose, the authors first reviewed the current research and development progress in ICN, then they conduct a qualitative comparative study of the relevant ICN proposals and discuss the suitability of the NDN as a promising architecture for IoT. Finally, they evaluate the performance of NDN in an IoT environment with different caching algorithms and replacement policies. The obtained results show that the consumer-cache caching algorithm used with the Random Replacement (RR) policy significantly improve NDN content validity in an IoT environment.

According to previous studies, the UDLs (user data links) or ISLs (intersatellite links) switch and failure can result in the packet reordering in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks. The packet reordering can severely deteriorate the performance of transmission in LEO satellite networks, especially at very high levels of packet reordering. In order to improve the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) performance in LEO satellite networks, this paper proposes a modified TCP variant named TCP-D-SACK, which is based on the TCP-SACK. Our results indicate that the new TCP variant can improve the throughput.

In-network caching and multipath forwarding are prominent features of Named Data Networking (NDN). Network coding enabled NDN (NC-NDN) coordinates the in-network caching and multipath forwarding to improve content delivery performance. However, the existing NC-NDN lacks the considerations on the incorporation with caching schemes. It basically adopts the caching scheme of Caching Everything Everywhere (CEE) leading to cache redundancy and unnecessary and frequent cache replacement. On the other hand, the existing caching schemes for native NDN do not make use of the characteristic of network coded Data packets. To address these problems, this paper proposes a demand and responsiveness-based caching strategy specific to NC-NDN to enable cost-effective caching for network coded Data packets. In our proposed caching strategy, the caching decision at a caching node takes into account three factors, its present demand on the network coded Data packets of the requested generation of content, its distance to the original content provider, and its potential responsiveness to the future requests for the same generation based on the number of network coded Data packets locally cached and that would return for the requested generation. It commits to cache network coded Data packets of a generation of content at more valuable nodes along the transmission path. Our experimental studies show that the proposed caching strategy offers high-performance content delivery and reduces the caching overhead as compared to the existing strategies.

The transmission of huge amounts of data generated from various sensors is the basis and prerequisite for the analysis and prediction of the marine ecosystem. The special geographical conditions of the ocean determine that its data transmission is different from the common terrestrial data transmission. In this study, a marine environmental monitoring network architecture is proposed to collect environmental data from marine ecosystems using a heterogeneous network constructed by a multi-hop network and a satellite network. Considering the characteristics of satellite networks, such as high bandwidth delay product (BDP), long latency and high bit error rate, this work proposes a transmission scheme that improves the transmission performance of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)-based Internet networks over satellite networks. The improved scheme increases the monitoring data transmission rate, distinguishes between random data loss and congested data loss, rationalizes the threshold in fast recovery, and improves the overall transmission performance of the marine environmental monitoring network. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve the transmission performance of the monitoring network compared with traditional transmission protocols. The network model proposed in this study makes full use of current advanced network technologies, including multi-hop networks, wireless sensor networks, and satellite networks to expand the monitoring area at sea. This study provides a useful reference for the network model and data transmission for ocean monitoring.

Named-Data Networking (NDN) is a novel clean-slate architecture for Future Internet. It has been designed to take into account a new use of the Internet and especially accessing content for a large number of users, and it integrates several features such as in-network caching, security or multipath. As NDN relies on content names instead of host address, it cannot rely on traditional Internet routing, and it is therefore essential to propose a routing scheme adapted for NDN. To this end, in this paper, we present SRSC, our SDN-based Routing Scheme for CCN/NDN and its implementation. SRSC relies on the SDN paradigm. A controller is responsible to forward decisions and to set up rules into NDN nodes. We implement SRSC into NDNx and we also deploy an NDN testbed within a virtual environment and real ISP topology in order to evaluate the performances of our proposal with real-world experiments. We demonstrate the feasibility of SRSC and its ability to forward Interest messages in a fully deployed NDN environment, while keeping low overhead and computation time and high caching performances.

Named Data Networking (NDN) proposes a contentcentric rather than a host-centric approach to data retrieval. Data packets with unique and immutable names are retrieved from a content store (CS) using Interest packets. The current NDN architecture relies on forwarding strategies that are dependent upon on-path caching and is therefore inefficient. This approach reduces data transfer efficiency by ignoring the cached content available on the adjacent off-path routers in the network. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed multipath (D-MP) forwarding strategy and enhancements to the NDN Interest forwarding pipeline. Furthermore, we develop a centralized SDNenabled control for the multipath forwarding strategy (S-MP) that distributes Interests efficiently by using the global knowledge of the NDN network states. We perform extensive evaluations of our proposed methods on an at-scale WAN testbed spanning six geographically separated sites. Our solutions outperform the existing NDN forwarding strategies by a significant margin. We show that the D-MP strategy results in performance gains ranging between 10.4x to 12.5x over the default NDN implementation without in-network caching, and gains of 12.2x to 18.4x with in-network caching. In addition, for the S-MP case, we demonstrate a performance improvement of 10.6x to 12.6x, and 12.9x to 18.5x, for with- and without in-network caching respectively.

Named data networking (NDN) supports receiver-driven content retrieval with stateful forwarding (pending interest table (PIT)/forwarding information base) and in-network caching, yet many deployments still rely on classical cryptography that may be undermined by quantum-capable adversaries. Despite NDN’s built-in data authenticity via producer signatures, quantum-enabled attacks become plausible once RSA/ECC-based trust anchors are weakened by Shor-type attacks. Existing quantum-security efforts for NDN largely focus on post-quantum replacements of signatures or key exchange, but do not address the tension between confidentiality-preserving payload protection and NDN’s in-network processing (forwarding/caching decisions) in a quantum setting. This paper presents a quantum-enhanced NDN architecture that preserves NDN’s content-centric semantics—naming, PIT-driven forwarding, and cache-assisted dissemination of verifiable control objects—while delivering privacy-sensitive payloads as quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE)-encrypted quantum states over an underlying quantum network. QHE provides end-to-end confidentiality and enables authorized operations on encrypted quantum payloads without exposing plaintext. To make the design compatible with NDN forwarding, the proposed protocol encrypts the payload while keeping name-based forwarding semantics intact, and supports ciphertext-domain processing for selected policy functions. To protect provenance and integrity of NDN metadata, routing instructions, and session state, we incorporate quantum digital signatures (QDS) bound to NDN names and session identifiers. The main contributions are: (i) a QHE+QDS layered protection model tailored to NDN’s Interest and Data exchange; (ii) a session workflow that couples proactive entanglement distribution with NDN-style stateful signaling for efficient establishment and recovery; and (iii) a security analysis clarifying the achieved guarantees and the remaining trust assumptions. Security analysis indicates robustness against quantum man-in-the-middle and tampering attacks, with modest overhead on NDN control traffic.

LEO (low-earth orbit) satellite networks has dynamic-featured topology in which periodic switch between connectivity and broken-off of ISL (intersatellite link) leads to topological change within switching gap, and forwarding packets would be trapped in satellite cache due to failure original route. Priority-based Rerouting in satellite networks and Shortest Path Set Algorithm with Path Prediction are proposed for sake of less trapped packets by ISL switching. Priority-based rerouting in satellite networks (PR) utilizes virtual topology model to shield dynamic-featured influence, chooses rerouting relay node with highest interplane ISL availability as selection criteria among the intra-orbit neighbors. Shortest Path Set Algorithm with Path Prediction (SPS with path prediction) selects the top three shortest paths as alternative and avoid node with impending interplane ISL failure and make best choice according to predictability of networking state. The two strategies are proved to reduce the trapping rate of forwarding packets.