Can FinTech Development Curb Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution?

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于农业面源污染分区的三峡库区生态农业园建设研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306091483 作者: 作者单位: 西南大学 农业部西南耕地保育重点实验室，资源环境学院,重庆市北碚区水利局,西南大学 农业部西南耕地保育重点实验室，资源环境学院,西南大学 农业部西南耕地保育重点实验室，资源环境学院,西南大学 农业部西南耕地保育重点实验室，资源环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题：三峡库区及上游流域农村面源污染控制技术与工程示范（2012ZX07104-003） The construction of the eco-agricultural yards in three gorges reservoir area based on agricultural non-point source pollution zones Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,Water Conservancy bureau of Beibei, Chongqing,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Southwest China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在三峡库区建立生态农业园是解决库区农业、环境和生态问题的有效措施。以农业面源污染分区为基础，探讨三峡库区重庆段生态农业园的建设模式和对策。结果表明：（1）根据地形地貌特征，将生态农业园规划为三大生态农业区，低海拔平坝丘陵生态农业区适宜发展“粮果蔬-猪-沼气-粮果蔬+休闲旅游”复合型高效农业模式，中海拔低山生态农业区可采用“粮-林-畜-沼气-草”的生态农业园建立模式，高海拔高山生态农业区适宜发展林草牧药复合型高效生态农业发展模式。（2）结合农业产业发展，确定了生态种植园、生态养殖园和生态综合园为该区的生态农业园建设方向。划分归并后的五大农业面源污染产污区中，库首外围丘陵山地产污区适宜以生态种植园为主导发展方向；库尾丘陵山地产污区可主营生态养殖园；余下3个产污区的发展核心都宜放在生态综合园建设。（3）三大生态农业区中的中海拔低山生态农业区和五大产污区中的库中平行岭谷产污区是库区生态农业园的建设重点。（4）为保障生态农业园的建设，应积极促进国家、政府、企业和农户之间的合作关系，不断创新和提升农业面源污染防控和农业生产技术。 Abstract:As agriculture is increasingly challenged by constraints of resources, environment and population emerging from its modern development, it is imperative to explore a kind of sustainable agriculture such as ecological agricultural yards that could accommodate economic, social and ecological needs within an already stressed natural resource basement. To balance the relationships among ecological protection, economic increasing and agricultural development, the establishment of eco-agricultural yards is an effective measure in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Based on agricultural non-point source pollution zones, this paper dealt with the construction modes and countermeasures of the eco-agriculture yards in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. The results showed: (1) The Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing was divided into "one line, three zones and six pillar industries" in the whole. And according to the landform, the eco-agriculture yards were designed for three eco-agriculture districts, including the eco-agriculture district in low altitude hilly area, the eco-agriculture district in middle altitude mountain area and the eco-agriculture district in high altitude mountain area. Moreover, the complex agriculture mode with "crop, fruit, vegetables-pigs-biogas-crop, fruit, vegetables+leisure tourism" was suitable for the eco-agricultural development in low altitude hilly area. The eco-agricultural mode with "crop-forest-livestock-biogas-grass" could obtain well effective in middle altitude mountain area. And the eco-agricultural mode with "forest, grass, and livestock" complex mode was available for high altitude mountain area. Considering the development of agricultural industrialization, the ecological plantation, the ecological aquaculture and the ecologically integrated yards were suggested as the construction orientation of eco-agricultural yards in the future in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. (2) On the basis of the existing agricultural non-point source pollution status, Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing was subdivided into five agricultural non-point source pollution producing zones, involving upstream peripheral hilly area, along the river in upstream hilly area, midstream paralleled ridge-valley area, downstream hilly area, and downstream of the main urban area. Pollution producing regions in upstream peripheral hilly area were suitably dominated by the ecological plantation.More attention should be paid to agricultural non-point source pollution form fertilizers in these regions. Pollution producing regions in downstream hilly area could concentrate on the ecological aquaculture. The eco-agriculture district in low altitude hilly area should regard agricultural non-point source pollution from rural households and runoff as the center of contamination controlling in these regions. And the rest regions were appropriate to the establishment of the ecologically integrated yard. Furthermore, greater monitoring efforts should be put into the pollution producing regions in midstream paralleled ridge-valley area. And, more controlling measures of agricultural non-point source pollution from fertilizers could be applied to eco-agricultural districts in middle altitude mountain area of pollution producing regions along the river in upstream hilly area, while residential areas in middle altitude mountain area were the core for agricultural non-point source pollution controlling in pollution producing regions in downstream of the main urban area. (3) Totally, the eco-agricultural districts in middle altitude mountain area, and the pollution producing regions in midstream paralleled ridge-valley area were the key zones to be constructed, owing to their extensive distribution, favorable natural conditions and more serious agricultural non-point source pollution status. (4) To promote the development of the eco-agricultural yards in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing, two aspects were necessary to be considered. That is, the cooperative relationships among the country, government, enterprises and farmers were positively built. And, the high-tech for agricultural production and non-point source pollution controlling measures should be continuously innovated and improved. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

IntroductionGreen finance plays a crucial role in driving sustainable development and has the potential to effectively reduce pollution emissions, thereby positively impacting the environment. However, in the agricultural sector, China, unlike developed countries, primarily relies on a small-peasant economy, and the green financial system is not well-developed. As a result, the specific emission reduction effects and mechanisms of green finance on agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP) remain unclear. The objective of our research is to explore the internal mechanisms through which green finance influences ANSP, with the aim of providing valuable policy insights to the government and promoting the green transformation of agriculture for enhanced food security.MethodsThis study employs an empirical analysis of green finance on ANSP using provincial panel data from China spanning the years 2005 to 2020. By utilizing robust data and applying empirical analysis, we can derive scientifically credible conclusions. We introduce a relative indicator to assess the trend of ANSP and investigate the pathways through which green finance operates using heterogeneity analysis, intermediary effect evaluation, and threshold effect analysis.Results and DiscussionThe empirical findings reveal the following insights: (1) While green finance demonstrates a significant reduction effect on ANSP, this effect varies across different regions. Specifically, the impact of green finance on ANSP reduction is more pronounced in areas characterized by strong comprehensive agricultural strength, high levels of economic development, and predominantly focused on plantation agriculture. (2) From a mechanistic standpoint, green finance substantially diminishes ANSP by facilitating agricultural scaling and promoting the adoption of green technologies. (3) The threshold effect analysis demonstrates that the mitigation effect of green finance on ANSP exhibits non-linear characteristics, with a double threshold effect observed. As the level of green finance development increases, the mitigation effect is further enhanced.ConclusionIn conclusion, the appropriate implementation of green finance can effectively enhance the agricultural environment and ensure food security. Considering the heterogeneity of the role of green finance and the presence of threshold values, it is crucial for the government to tailor green finance policies according to local conditions. This research not only expands on previous studies but also offers valuable insights for the government in formulating green finance policies. Furthermore, it provides a viable pathway for reducing ANSP while serving as a reference for other developing countries aiming to establish green agriculture and sustain food system security.

Nonpoint pollution sources from agricultural activities are a major cause of water quality impairment. A nutrient management program utilizes farm practices that maintain efficient crop production systems and control agricultural nonpoint pollution sources. The objectives of present study were to identify appropriate best management practices (BMPs) according to changes of cropping system of main upland crop for reducing AGNPs loadings and to simulate the effects of the application of the several BMPs scenarios in Saemangeum watershed. The selected BMP scenarios were: 1) to convert naked barley and hulled barley to hairy vetch or chinese milk vetch, 2) to convert red pepper to soybean crop, and 3) to combine two scenarios, converting naked barley and hulled barley to hairy vetch or chinese milk vetch + converting red pepper to soybean crop. As a result of BMPs application, the crop requirement of nitrogen and phosphorus for upland crop reduced nitrogen by 41% and phosphorus by 47% in scenario 1, whereas scenario 2 reduced nitrogen by 30% and phosphorus by 23%. Overall, scenario 3 reduced nitrogen by 72% and phosphorus by 70% in agricultural non-point pollution sources associated with chemical fertilizer and livestock manure in Saemangeum watershed.

Best management practices (BMPs) are the tools which are adopted to run any activity while inflicting least negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Since, water pollution is one of the most important issues in today's world; it is indispensable to discuss the activities which are deteriorating its quality. Although, a number of treatment technologies and methods are in place for treating the point sources of pollution, there is a need to address nonpoint sources of pollution. There are many successful practices which are capable of curtailing the impacts of nonpoint source pollution, if adopted. In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance and trade‐offs of various management practices to address the issues of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of guiding principles which can pave a way for adoption of these practices. Therefore, an attempt has also been made to explore the aspects of policy formulations along with emphasizing the factors which can lead to adoption/ non‐adoption of such practices.

This paper uses CiteSpace to visualize and analyze the literature related to agricultural non-point source pollution in China Knowledge Network (CNKI) from 1993~2022. The results showed that the research on agricultural non-point source pollution has gone through three stages: the beginning (1993~2006), booming development (2007~2011), and stable development (2011-2022). The research on agricultural non-point source pollution focuses mainly on agricultural non-point source pollution, pollution control, and model simulation. Agricultural non-point source pollution has always played a leading role in the development of the research field since the research until now, and model simulation and spatial distribution have been continuously cited from the emergence of clustering until now, and are widely available in the research field.

Eco-product is scarce product with consequences on human health, economy and society all over the world. In order to understand the effective supply of eco-product and figure out its law of scale efficiency, panel data from 2004 to 2015 with labor force, capital, resource, and energy source was carefully selected as the input variables and GDP, sustainable product, and undesirable output as the output variables, the scale efficiency and its differences of effective supply of eco-product in China were measured in this study. SBM-Undesirable model, Theil index, and the model of Tobit were used to analyze the driving factors. The results showed that there was a downward trend in scale efficiency of China's eco-products before 2011, and an upward trend with obvious inter-regional differences since 2012. The influence factors of supply efficiency of eco-product greatly varied among different regions. Overall, some factors had negative influences, including the values of economic development level, industrial structure (the proportion of secondary industry's increase in GDP), science and technology input, financial capital input (the proportion of environment pollution control investment in GDP), energy consumption structure (the proportion of coal consumption in overall energy consumption), and agricultural non-point source pollution. Some factors had positive influences, such as eco-space and foreign trade structure. In Eastern China, factors such as industrial structure, science and technology input, financial capital, energy consumption structure and agricultural non-point source pollution had negative impacts, while the factors of economic development level, eco-space and foreign trade structure had positive impacts. In Northeast China, the factors of economic development level, financial capital, agricultural non-point source pollution and foreign trade structure had negative impacts, while the factors of industrial structure, science and technology input, energy consumption structure and eco-space had positive impacts. In Central China, the factors of economic development level, science and technology input, financial capital, energy consumption structure, agricultural non-point source pollution and eco-space had negative impacts, while the factors of industrial structure and foreign trade structure had positive impacts. In Western China, the factors of industrial structure, energy consumption structure, and agricultural non-point source pollution had negative impacts, while the factors of economic development level, science and technology input, financial capital, eco-space, and foreign trade structure had positive impacts. Based on further theoretical analysis of above-mentioned empirical measurement, some poli-cy implications were put forward for effectively improving the efficiency of eco-product supply from the angle of supply-side reforming, which included emphasizing the transitions mode of sustainable economy, optimizing ecosystem structure, and managing ecosystem as a whole according to natural laws.

Methodology for agricultural and rural NPS pollution in a typical county of the North China Plain

Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) is a primary cause of watershed water quality deterioration, and over 50% of NPS pollutants are estimated to come from ANPSP. Based on the “source-sink” theory and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, ANPSP source and key resistance factors were integrated to identify areas at risk of ANPSP production and transportation into the waters of the upper Yangtze River basin. The results showed a spatial difference in the agricultural pollution sources of the basin, which were determined using both ANPSP loads and land-use types. Soil type, rainfall erosivity, and elevation were the three most important resistance factors in pollution transportation, weighting 0.373, 0.241, and 0.147, respectively. There was a spatial effect on the comprehensive resistance of ANPSP transportation, which was lower in mountainous terrain at the central basin. On the coupling of source and resistance processes, regions at serious risk of ANPSP were found to be concentrated in the southwest area. Areas at very high risk of NH3-N and TP pollution accounted for 37.6% and 38.1%, respectively, in the total town/street area. The spatial risk patterns identified in this study could be used for decision making and policy regulation of ANPSP and for aquatic environmental protection.

A novel spatial optimization model for achieve the trad-offs placement of best management practices for agricultural non-point source pollution control at multi-spatial scales

After years of treatment, the water pollution situation in the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) is still grim, and agricultural nonpoint source pollution has become the leading cause of the problem. However, agricultural nonpoint source pollution in the HRB is complicated due to the compounding effects of multiple factors. In this study, we first applied the export coefficient model to estimate the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads used as two pollution source indicators in HRB. Then we constructed an index evaluation system of nonpoint source pollution risk by coupling the two source indicators with five additional indicators: rainfall erosion, river network distribution, soil erodibility, slope length, and land use. The primary source of TN and TP loads is fertilizer application (81.96%), followed by livestock and poultry breeding (16.3%) and rural domestic wastes (1.74%). The risk assessment results indicate that 66.43% of the HRB is at medium to high risk of nonpoint source pollution, 12.37% is at high risk, and 11.20% is at low risk. Moreover, the medium-to-high-risk areas are mainly concentrated in the Henan and Anhui provinces. In contrast, the medium-risk regions are mainly distributed along the mainstream of the Huaihe River. Finally, the observed water quality categories were used to verify our findings. The controlling areas of nonpoint source pollution in HRB are identified. This study could provide a scientific basis for effectively preventing and treating water pollution in the HRB.

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was utilized to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of composite non-point source pollution in the Yapu Port Basin, China, and to quantify the pollutant load contributions from various sources. Scenario-based simulations were designed to assess the effectiveness of different mitigation strategies, focusing on both agricultural and urban non-point source pollution control. The watershed was divided into 39 sub-watersheds and 106 hydrologic response units (HRUs). Model calibration and validation were conducted using the observed data on runoff, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). The results demonstrate good model performance, with coefficients of determination (R2) ≥ 0.85 and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSEs) ≥ 0.84, indicating its applicability to the study area. Temporally, pollutant loads exhibited a positive correlation with precipitation, with peak values observed during the annual flood season. Spatially, pollution intensity increased from upstream to downstream, with the western region of the watershed showing higher loss intensity. Pollution was predominantly concentrated in the downstream region. Based on the composite source analysis, a series of management measures were designed targeting both agricultural and urban non-point source pollution. Among individual measures, fertilizer reduction in agricultural fields and the establishment of vegetative buffer strips demonstrated the highest effectiveness. Combined management strategies significantly enhanced pollution control, with average TN and TP load reductions of 22.18% and 22.70%, respectively. The most effective scenario combined fertilizer reduction, improved urban stormwater utilization, vegetative buffer strips, and grassed swales in both farmland and orchards, resulting in TN and TP reductions of 67.2% and 56.2%, respectively.

The control of total amounts of pollutants has become an important measure for controlling water pollution in China and is also an important basis for objective management of water resources. Estuary is one of the regions where the productivity and biodiversity are higher and is utilized by human earlier. Estuary is one of the most valuable ecosystems in the world that has attracted human' s increasing attention. Furthermore,estuary is the most sensitive zone to respond to global changes and a place where the most vigorous interactions between land and sea take place. Estuary is the region where human activities take place more frequently. In particularly,estuaries are the places where a number of rivers enter into seas and receive a large amount of pollutants from lands and human' s life activities. Thus,estuary and coasts are vigorously disturbed by human activities. Conducting research on controlling total amounts of pollutants that enter estuaries from lands is of great significance for protecting marine environment,maintaining ecological health,promoting coastal economic development,rationally utilizing marine resources,and for achieving sustainable development of marine economy. Total amount of pollutants that enter seas is an important index for protecting estuary environment. Because numerous rivers flow into estuaries,estimation of total pollutants brought by rivers into sea is influenced by such factors as monitoring frequency and seasonal changes in flow rates. The agricultural non-point source pollution is an important source of pollution load that enter the estuaries in China. Based on DEM( SRTM Data with 90m resolution) and with the help of Arc Hydro module in ARC / INFO software developed by ESRI company,we conducted hydrological analysis on major rivers that enter Laizhou Bay by using GIS to extract river network,define watershed boundaries and divide the catchments and sub-watered, aiming to provide the basic data platform for estimation of total amounts of pollutants from agricultural non-point pollution. On this basis,we calculated the areas of different types of land use in various sub-basins by overlaying them with land-use thematic map,and estimated total amounts of agricultural pollutants entering into sea by using emission factors and river load ratio of major pollutants. Our results revealed that the annual amounts of COD,NH 3-N,TN and TP that entered into Laizhou Bay was about 666994,94398,114614 and 19574 tons,respectively,accounting for 74. 48%,10. 54%,12. 80% and 2. 18% of total amounts of released pollutants,indicating COD is the major pollutant that enters Laizhou Bay. This studied was planned and conducted under the guidance of the principle of cooperation between land and sea,by taking the estuary as the source and with the idea of tracing sources,to determine watershed unit that influence marine pollution load. This study could provide an estimation method of agricultural non-point source load and the a scientific basis for controlling total amounts of pollutants that flow into Laizhou Bay,and can also serve as a reference for defining the land range during the process of comprehensive management along the coastal zone.

Nonpoint source pollution, especially agriculture nonpoint source pollution is the major reason resulting in eutrophication in many receiving water bodies. At first, agriculture nonpoint source pollution and the harm pollutants bring is analyzed. Then around the questions about how the nonpoint source pollutants export from the soil and how much pollutant import into the receiving water, my study provide an overview of the progress of research on pollution forming mechanism, pollutants leaching from soil and pollutants migrating with streamflow into water body, and briefly summarizes the history of nonpoint source load estimation include model developing and application, and introduce the SWAT model which will be applied in my study. At last, I look forward to some important research direction in pollution mechanism and load estimation.

科学评价植物篱模式提高坡耕地生态效益是进一步评价其生态 经济 社会综合效益的基础, 可促进优化植物篱模式在山丘区的推广与应用。针对已有文献对植物篱模式生态效益评价存在评价指标片面等问题, 选择植物篱模式下水土与农业面源污染物流失、土壤抗侵蚀力与土地生产力4方面指标, 应用层次分析法与熵权法相结合计算评价指标权重, 多因素综合评价法对西南紫色土区坡耕地紫穗槐、香根草、紫花苜蓿与蓑草4种植物篱模式进行综合生态效益评价。结果表明, 植物篱模式的综合生态效益和不同类型生态效益较常规横坡农作模式明显提高, 其中综合生态效益指数(<i>A</i>)、保持水土效益指数(<i>B</i>₁)、控制农业面源污染效益指数(<i>B</i>₂)、土壤抗侵蚀力效益指数(<i>B</i>₃)、土地生产力效益指数(<i>B</i>₄)分别增加206.4%~301.9%、228.6%~278.4%、212.6%~346.6%、93.7%~126.0%、23.6%~35.8%。植物篱模式不同类型生态效益指数大小顺序为<i>B</i>₂(1.165)> <i>B</i>₁(0.962)><i>B</i>₄(0.495)><i>B</i>₃(0.332)。不同植物篱模式提高坡耕地综合生态效益的效应表现为20 坡地紫穗槐模式>香根草, 13 坡地紫花苜蓿>蓑草。20 坡耕地植物篱模式综合生态效益指数平均增加幅度(295.0%)大于13 坡地植物篱模式(211.0%)。说明在西南紫色丘陵区的坡耕地, 尤其是20 以上坡耕地推广与实施灌木类植物篱可大幅提高其综合生态效益。

E-commerce development and its contribution to agricultural non-point source pollution control: Evidence from 283 cities in China