Categorizing Obstacles in the Implementation of Smart Cities with Probable Solution Models

Technology transformation in the smart city concept begins with the implementation of policy transfer to local governments. Wonogiri Regency is one of the districts that implement smart city policy transfer from the central smart city policy. So it is necessary to analyse regional strategies in implementing smart cities. Regional smart city strategy analysis is an analysis carried out to assess the strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats in order to get a picture of the capacity and capability of the region in implementing smart city development programmes. This research aims to analyse the smart city development strategy of Wonogiri Regency. With the regional strategy analysis, Wonogiri Regency can map the right programme according to the dimensions of smart city. So that the implementation of this smart city can run smoothly in accordance with the goals of the Indonesian smart city movement. This study took a locus in Wonogiri Regency, which has a sufficient SPBE index and was chosen to be one of the implementers of the Indonesian smart city movement. Researchers used qualitative methods to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Wonogiri Regency to develop appropriate strategies for these conditions. Researchers found that the smart city strategy is combined with other strategies to solve the problems of the Wonogiri community. The smart city action plan is formed from action plans for smart governance, smart environment, smart society; smart living; smart economy, and smart branding. The action plan must adjust to the strategy formed. The focus of the Action Plan from Wonogiri Regency is to provide integrated services ranging from data to applications.

Chapter 5 - Blockchain-based energy-efficient smart green city in IoT environments

The study aims to avoid the phenomenon that thousand cities seem the same in the construction of smart cities and the efforts of all walks of life are jointed to implement the construction of smart cities and the creation of city brands. First, the basic theory of smart city construction is introduced. Second, the restricting and promoting factors influencing smart city construction and development are analyzes, and the evaluation system of smart city development is established. Then, the model for smart city construction and development based on the neural network is implemented. Finally, some domestic cities are selected as the dataset to build a training model, and the city brand optimization strategy is proposed. On this basis, an evaluation system for smart city development based on the intelligent neural network and Grey relational analysis Back Propagation Neural Network (GRA-BPNN) is obtained. The entropy weight method (EWM), grey relational analysis (GRA) method and the evaluation method based on Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solutionv (TOPSIS) are regarded as the members of the control group, and the results of different methods for evaluating the development of smart cities are compared. The results show that the modeling of smart city construction based on neural networks can help to implement an evaluation model for smart city construction and development, and it can help evaluate smart city construction and development accurately. And then the corresponding strategies are proposed to speed up the construction of smart cities with its local characteristics, and then city brands are built. Compared with other evaluation algorithms, the performance of the algorithm proposed is better and more stable and the evaluation results are more reasonable than those of the others, which can prove that the evaluation algorithm is feasible and scientific. This study provides a new idea for the application of deep learning to smart city construction and city brand building.

Abstract
 This study aims to analyze the implementation of Smart City that integrates villages and cities in Purwakarta Regency, identify and analyze any inhibiting factors that influence the development process of the City of Purwakarta towards the Smart City, identify and analyze the efforts of the Purwakarta Regency government in realizing Smart City. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach.. The results showed that the smart city that was implemented in Purwakarta Regency focused more on the use of information technology to improve services to the community, meaning this concept was more accurately referred to as a digital city. Some programs that have been implemented by the Regional Government are the first steps to realize Purwakarta Regency as a smart city. Barriers and obstacles faced include: not yet comprehensive existing policies to accommodate the problems faced in the implementation of smart cities, ICT human resources are still limited both in quantity and quality, budget limitations cause the existing infrastructure is not optimal, especially in villages, interoperability is not optimal, and blueprint has not been prepared comprehensively. Efforts that have been made by the Purwakarta Regency government include: Several legal products both regent regulations and regent instructions have been issued to support the implementation of smart city, ICT competency enhancement, application interoperability in each OPD, budgeting for device maintenance, Budgeting for developing systems, and budgeting for improving the welfare of ICT employees.
 Keywords: Village and City Integration, Implementation of Smart City, Digital City, ICT Infrastructure

Due to the advance in information and communication technologies, smart cities have become an increasingly appealing vision. One indispensable basis in the research, development and implementation of smart cities is urban sensing technologies, which collect various citywide data that will be processed to generate information for understanding the status of cities. Automotive sensing is a novel urban sensing technology that utilizes the mobility of automobiles to conduct sensing tasks. In a collaborative smart-city project with the city office of Fujisawa City, Japan, we designed and implemented an automotive sensing platform called Cruisers, and have deployed it into the garbage collecting trucks of the city to evaluate the applicability of automotive sensing in realistic urban settings. In this paper, we first detail the system design, implementation and deployment of Cruisers and then evaluate its performance in realistic setting.

A smart city is an urban policy innovation that can improve the community's quality of life by promoting environmental, social, and economic sustainability issues. The involvement and participation of civil society in developing smart cities is a major issue in implementing inclusive smart cities. However, gender issues are often forgotten in developing sustainable smart cities. This article examines two issues. First, the importance of gender issues integration in the development of sustainable smart cities in Indonesia. Second, the importance of gender mainstreaming policy in the development of smart cities in Indonesia. This is a desk study or literature study. Data were obtained from research results published in national and international journals. Data was obtained through accredited journal search engines, namely google scholar, SagePub and Researchgate. The research results show that development of smart city in Indonesia is not yet gender responsive, causing gender inequality gender and excluding women from development. To respond to this, thus there is a need for gender mainstreaming policies in developing smart cities through an overview of the challenges of gender mainstreaming in developing smart cities. Thus, this research recommends a gender mainstreaming strategy as a policy in developing smart cities in Indonesia. Gender mainstreaming policy in smart city development need to be to create a smart city life that is just, inclusive and involves women in development.

This chapter aims to provide some insights on the different definitions of smart city and smart community concepts which is done through a comprehensive literature review and gap recognition that exists between these terms. Besides this, the forthcoming issues and threats as a result of infrastructure dependence during smart city development are addressed, through integration of smart community elements to provide a comprehensive and balanced view to improve the quality of life. The implementation of smart city or community is presented through examples from China, Japan and Malaysia. Conclusion is drawn at the end of the paper that there is no absolute answer that which concept is preferred than the other while it is built upon the desired outcomes of the governments and developers within their own context that suit well for the country’s needs, social-culture, economic, technology advancement and values.

The selection of Kutai Kartanegara Regency as 1 of 25 regions in implementing the work program of the 100 Smart City Movement based on the Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Communication and Information Decree Number 265.KOMINFO/DJAI/AI.01.05/05/2017, is both an opportunity and a challenge to make this happen. This study aims to analyze the readiness of Kutai Kartanegara Regency in implementing Smart City in several dimensions. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with informants from implementers at the Office of Communication and Information and Bappeda of Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Triangulation is used to test the validity of the data. The results of the study show that the dimensions of Smart City development in Kutai Kartanegara Regency which include smart governance, smart branding, smart economy, smart living, smart society and smart environment have been supported by several aspects. From the superstructure aspect, Smart City development is based on the vision and mission of Kutai Kartanegara Regency so that it has a strong basis to be realized. From a structural aspect, it is supported by Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD), BUMN, BUMD and the formation of Creative Economy Committees in the regions. From the infrastructure aspect, it is carried out through the provision of internet networks and various digital applications. From the aspect of community readiness, efforts have been made to support the development of an internet network with equitable access. From the aspect of hilly nature, extensive forests and many rivers are still obstacles to equal distribution of internet network access and adequate road access. Keywords: Smart City, Smart Regency Kutai Kartanegara, Regional Readiness Analysis

Development Policy Kampung Bantar in Realizing Smart City in Jambi City, Indonesia

Collecting urban data in a citywide scale plays a fundamental role in the research, development and implementation of smart cities. This demo introduces Cruisers, an automotive sensing platform for smart cities, which is developed based on the following ideas. a) Garbage collecting trucks are used as host automobiles to accommodate sensors, b) 3G cellular communication network is used to wirelessly deliver sensed data directly to servers, and c) Proxy server(s) are adopted to convert the format of sensed data to required ones. This platform has been deployed to 24 garbage collecting trucks at Fujisawa city, i.e., nearly 1/4 of the total number of such trucks in the city. An iOS application is also developed to demonstrate the sensing process and the covered area.

In order to accelerate the development of smart cities in Indonesia, the government launched a program called "100 Smart Cities Movement". This program was implemented from 2017 to 2019 by guiding 100 selected cities/regencies in stages. In 2018 (2nd year), Boyolali Regency has become one of the regencies selected to receive technical guidance regarding smart cities. This research aims to identify and analyze the implementation of smart city in Boyolali Regency, especially the priority programs for each dimension. This research uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method using data in the form of in-depth interviews with key figures and documentation results. Boyolali Smart City has six priority programs, including: SIPAD, SIPP, SIMAPI, Indrokilo Botanical Garden, Si Teri Lapar, and i-Boyolali. Each of the priority programs has been running well and has had a positive impact on the community, especially the people of Boyolali Regency. However, in the implementation of the smart city programs there are still several obstacles and shortcomings, so evaluation and improvement is still needed so that the Boyolali smart city can be more optimal.

The existing literature on smart cities largely focuses on experiences from developed countries, with limited research addressing the specific challenges and opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa. The drive to adopt smart cities as a solution to urban challenges in sub-Saharan Africa is increasing exponentially, but their adoption is associated with significant challenges and prospects which current literature does not fully explore. Therefore, to close this existing literature gap, this paper has three objectives. First, the paper critically appraises the progress made in implementing smart cities in selected sub-Saharan African countries to appreciate the strides made in embracing smart city initiatives in the region. Second, it analyses the contextual drawbacks faced in the implementation of smart cities in sub-Saharan Africa. Third, the paper proposes the building blocks for successful smart city implementation in the region. In this study, we used a systematic literature review to extract data from databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science to achieve these objectives. We analysed the extracted data through the reflexive thematic analysis method which enabled us to develop three themes centred on smart city implementation strides, drawbacks and building blocks. We then integrated these three themes into an overarching theme which guided the presentation and discussion of our results. Our results show that a number of sub-Saharan African countries have made notable efforts towards implementing smart cities but they face human and organizational challenges such as underdeveloped ICT infrastructure, digital illiteracy and budgetary constraints. We recommend that these challenges can be mitigated through building blocks such as investing in technological infrastructure development, formulating specific smart city policies, enhancing citizen awareness and collaborating with local and international stakeholders to mobilize required resources.

With rapid increase in population in urban cities, availability of parking space is real issue. This parking issue lead to traffic and encroachment of roads for parking. With implementation of smart cities is real time development, smart parking is integral part of this development. Intelligent parking system describe in this paper solve the parking issue and fits in the smart city development, this system is based on cloud-based parking system where user is able to get location of parking spot with helps sensors network and cloud computing. The user is updated with real time data of available parking spot near their destination, and they can choose the spot according to their convenience. The main components of the system are sensor layer, hardware layer, cloud layer and application layer. The sensor layer is controlled by Arduino board or other system on chip which manages the data collected by sensors, this data is sent to cloud through hardware layer cloud layer manages the data accordingly and data is sent to users’ application on the reception of request through application. This interconnection of all the layers is main aspect of IoT (Internet of Things). This system will help user to get the spot in hassle free and quick way.

Smart City is one of the recent researches going on in India to make all the cities as Smart in the near future. This paper discusses about the requirements for smart city and the research challenges and issues in implementation. Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications is a new type of communication which endows full automation and a promising research for the implementation of smart city. M2M have surmounted the machine to human communication. Recent researches in M2M say that network of 30billion devices willed worldwide in 2020. Supporting these numbers of devices is a challenging task, thus attracting the researchers from both academia and Industry in M2M communication in implementing smart city. The interconnection of Machine Type Devices(MTD) using 3G/ 4G to form a M2M Area Network (M2MAN) which facilitates the M2M applications like smart grid, eHealth, eEnvironmental monitoring, smart city, Smart Home, smart Water Quality, Smart Air Quality etc., integrated into a Single Application named Smart City/Village. Since the M2M uses wireless channel and MTD placed in unmanned environment invites security threats. In this paper, a survey is made on various applications using M2M communication. Also there are lot of challenging tasks in implementing Smart City, Here some of the applications like Smart Water, Structural Health monitoring, Air Quality Monitoring and issues related to implementation were discussed. Also the latest technologies for the implementations are also discussed. Without addressing the challenging issues like security, communication protocol, devices etc., M2M communications for smart city cannot be prophesied.

The legal aspects of the implementing of the Smart City concept in Ukraine are considered in this article. It is determined that despite the active development of the digital initiatives in cities, the legal regulation remains fragmented and lacks a unified normative/regulatory act that comprehensively covers all the elements of “the smart city”. The purpose of the research is to analyze the current legal/regulatory basis that may potentially be applied to the implementation of various components of the Smart City concept. The key Ukrainian laws and strategies related to the local self-government, the electronic communications, the administrative services, the public-private partnerships, the digital economics and the innovation practice are considered. The analysis reveals that although there are the sufficient legal instruments that are available to the municipal authorities to implement the Smart City initiatives, a systematic inconsistency persists between the strategic intentions and the actual normative support for digital transformation at the local level. The several critical legal gaps in the Smart City implementation are identified, including the absence of a legal definition for the term “smart city”, the limited powers/authorities of the local self-government in this field, the fragmentation of strategic documents, a lack of a national implementation framework and the absence of a centralized approach for The Smart City implementation on the national level, the absence of the agency or authority which is responsible for coordinating the Smart City initiatives, the absence of the regulation of cybersecurity issues at the municipal level in the Law of Ukraine “On Local Self-Government”, the outdated nature of the Law “On Public-Private Partnerships” in the context of digital projects. A step-by-step strategy for improving of the legal regulation for the Smart City development, including the methodological support, the normative and institutional adjustments and systematic legislative reforms, is proposed. The emphasis on the need for a phased approach, the adoption of ISO 37100-series standards, the legislative adaptation to the digital initiatives and the establishment of a specialized coordination agency, is placed. The implementation of these measures will contribute to the legal certainty, enhance the management efficiency, and support the integration of Ukrainian cities into the European ecosystem of the digital governance.