China's Exports during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic is a pandemic of an emerging infectious disease, 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19), caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The countries of sub-Saharan Africa affected by the Covid-19 pandemic are increasingly confronted with the decline in raw materials and the fall in international trade. The essential protective measures recommended by the WHO (2020) to limit the spread of Coronavirus (Covid-19) characterized, among other things, by the suppression movement, quarantine, containment, closing of the borders are driving down household productivity. Disruptions in trade and in local food supply chains are already affecting the well-being of the households, food security and nutrition among importing countries. Food prices are going up, especially nutritious food. Hunger and malnutrition will increase as the livelihoods of the poor are affected. Not yet having a universally accepted treatment for Covid-19, it is necessary to have information on the nutritional resources which will make it possible to boost the immune system of vulnerable populations in the fight against COVID-19 in a context of food insecurity. This document outlines proactive measures to prevent the risks of malnutrition and starvation linked to the Covid-19 pandemic and describes the macronutrient and micronutrient composition of some foods. These measures relate to a healthy and balanced diet, the improvement of food hygiene, the intensification of agricultural and agro-food production, the improvement of culinary and gastronomic practices, the improvement of nutrition governance and food security in affected sub-Saharan African countries.

The article deals with topical issues of grain transportation and transshipment through Russian ports within the framework of export trade relations Grain market is the foundation of the entire Russian food market, it is the basis of crop production, and at the same time, it is the largest sector of agriculture The great importance of the grain market is characterized by its key role, which determines the formation of food resources of the state Of course, the main way of transporting and transshipment of grain in the framework of export trade relations around the world is to use sea transport Russian sea ports that transport and transship the grain are of strategic importance for the development of trade relations, increasing the capacity of the national economy and meeting the needs of the Russian Federation in export operations The compliance of Russian sea ports with the country's needs within the framework of trade and transport relations will allow the port infrastructure to compete on the global level successfully, providing high-quality transportation and transshipment services Long-term planning for the development of port infrastructure facilities with a ten-year life cycle of sea port projects makes it necessary to make forecasts that determine the impact on the economic situation and environmental well-being Therefore, the development of the transport and logistics sector and the construction of port terminals determine the prospects for the agricultural sector in the Russian economy and the food security of the state as a whole Russia's position on the international market of grain crops, despite the negative impact of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic that affected our country this March, will remain at a sufficient level, and there may be an extension of delivery times to countries with the greatest spread of the disease Possible local interruptions due to the presence of logistics problems to a large extent won't have a negative impact on the world food market

CATCHING COVID-19 HIDDEN IN THE CANCER

Making an agreement between Iran and an integrated countries bloc like Shanghai Cooperation Organization or Eurasian Economic Union to boost energy trade is considered as an efficient factor to improve multilateralism and regionalism of Iranian economy. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 has had caused serious and unprecedented consequences on globalization and regionalization. This research seeks to find out the relationship between COVID19 and regional energy integration for two cases of South Asia and the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). To estimate the coefficients of variables, the panel data framework based on quarterly data over 2010Q1-2020Q2 is employed. The major results reveal that the COVID19 pandemic is found to be a serious challenge for regional energy integration in these two unions, particularly the integration of larger economies which are more developed and have a higher level of trade liberalization are disturbed by this pandemic. A policy implication based on the conclusions is that Iran may try to make regional energy integration with its neighbors and trading partners. However, to reduce the long-run negative impacts of pandemic, Iran and its energy trade partners should make a plan to determine types and magnitudes of negative impacts of pandemic, regulating monetary and fiscal policies to encounter with the negative influences. To the best of author’s knowledge, despite some earlier researches, there is not any existing literature focusing on how the Corona affects the economic integration. Therefore, this paper tries to fill in this literature gap.

The existence of the Covid 19 pandemic makes cycling activities in big city people a way of life to maintain fitness. Cycling during the Covid 19 pandemic has increased because cycling is considered to be able to get rid of boredom at home, increase immunity, fill spare time, and increase energy in carrying out daily routines. This study aims to determine the community's motivation for cycling during the Covid 19 pandemic in the city of Surabaya. This research method is survey research. The population in this study were all people who like cycling in the city of Surabaya. The sample in this study were 400 people who have a hobby of cycling who were randomly selected. The instrument used was a questionnaire to measure intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The results of this study indicate that 50% of the community's motivation for cycling is included in the very high criteria, 48% is included in the high criteria, 2% is included in the moderate category. Intrinsic motivation of the community to cycling by 47% is included in the very high criteria, 50% is included in the high criteria, and 3% is in the moderate category. 67% of the community's extrinsic motivation to cycle is included in the very high criteria, 32% is included in the high criteria, and 1% is in the moderate category.

This article discusses how the social vulnerability and social resilience of the Indonesian people in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted using a qualitative exploratory method. Data were collected through literature studies and field studies using observation and in-depth interviews. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has an impact on the living conditions of people in nearly 207 countries in the world, is also being felt in Indonesia. A COVID-19 pandemic is a form of danger that has the potential to threaten all aspects of people's lives. Conditions of social vulnerability (social vulnerability) are a real reality that occurs in society in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers argue that the social resilience of the Indonesian people in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic is quite strong, this is because the Indonesian people have a local culture that is not shared by other countries in the world, namely the culture of mutual cooperation. Indonesian society is known as a collective society with strong solidarity that is not shared by people in other countries who tend to be individualistic. .

This report analyses the impact of COVID-19 on women in the global garment and electronics value chains, with a focus on women working in production in Asia. Building on a previous K4D assessment of COVID-19 and its implications for global value chains (Quak, 2020), this report addresses the need to understand how COVID-19 specifically impacts women in global value chains. The report seeks to answer the question “how have male and female workers been affected differently by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly regarding employment and the ability to work differently?”. The review presented is based on existing evidence of the gendered impacts of COVID-19 on the garment and electronics value chains in Asia and draws on both academic and grey literature. At the time of research (March 2021), the evidence was relatively sparse, frequently relying on initial surveys completed early on in the pandemic. In addition, data disaggregated by gender is rare. Where these data are not available, our approach is to synthesise what we know about the impact of COVID-19 with what we know about the nature of gender in the garment and electronics sectors and to conclude the likely impacts of COVID-19 on gender.

The COVID-19 global health pandemic has increased women’s vulnerability to all forms of gender-based violence. Australia, like many other countries worldwide, entered into a period of government directed lockdowns in the first weeks of March 2020 including stay-at-home orders and movement restrictions. With more people confined to their homes to reduce the community spread of COVID-19, there is a greater risk of violence against women and children. This Report presents the findings from a qualitative and quantitively survey of 166 practitioners from Victoria, Australia. The findings reveal the concerns of Victorian practitioners that the pandemic has led to an increase in the frequency and severity of violence against women alongside an increase in the complexity of women’s needs. Other findings examined include the emergence of new forms of intimate partner violence relating to social isolation as well as relating to the threat and risk of COVID-19 infection, practitioner recognition that for many women experiencing violence during this period there was a reduction in the ability to seek help, and the identification of numerous challenges to providing supports, undertaking effective risk assessment and carrying out safety planning during the COVID-19 restrictions phase. The findings have significant funding and resource implications. The research also draws attention to the wellbeing considerations for those practitioners working remotely to support women experiencing violence during the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to develop worker supports as Victoria moves into the easing of restrictions and recovery periods.

After considering the reasons why pandemics are destined to remain also in the near future in our late industrial societies, a conceptual framework for the analysis of governance of resilience of health systems is described and then applied in details following its main four dimensions to the ways various health systems have coped with the pandemic of COVID-19, with specific reference to the Italian National Health Service. In the conclusions, an overall assessment of the ways in which the health systems have responded to the pandemic of COVID-19 is traced on the basis of three different levels of resilience governance and their implications.

Since December 2019, all nations have been experiencing, to a greater or lesser extent, impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemic and geometric growth in the number of cases of pneumonia caused by a new virus that began to infect humans in Wuhan in China has caused concern to the World Health Organization and Chinese health authorities.

This paper intends to review the necessity of Korean investment in China according to the changes of Chinese futures market. Chinese futures market grows rapidly and it is getting more important in the international futures market. In recent years, the Chinese government has tried to enlarge the opening of futures market to enhance the level of internationalization. The Korean government can ask China to open the futures market of China through the follow-up negotiation between Korea and China. In other words, the Korean government has to try to include futures market in the follow-up financial agreement. The Korean companies can establish joint stock futures trading companies in China by holding shares within 49 percent. A joint stock company can be an important route into China. And it is possible that the Korean companies invest in China through Hong Kong to use CEPA between China and Hong Kong. Namely, Korean companies can found joint stock companies with Chinese companies after setting up a corporation in Hong Kong. Finally, Korean companies should prepare investment route through the cooperation with Chinese companies according to the opening individual futures market like crude oil futures.

Background and Aims. The most common psychiatric conditions in epilepsy are depression, anxiety, behavioral, psychotic disorders, and cognitive disorders as well as those which can be caused by convulsive seizures. The research aimed to define cognitive and affective impairments in patients with epilepsy and methods of its non-pharmacological correction since cognitive impairments and affective disorders have a considerable impact on the functioning of patients, their socialization, and the level of their disability. Methods. We studied the features of clinical and psychopathological manifestations in patients suffering from epilepsy. The study covered 100 patients (47 men and 53 women) who were in inpatient care. The following psychodiagnostic techniques were used: the Toronto Cognitive Assessment TorCA, the test of 10 words of Luria, the MOCA test, the Munsterberg test, the Mini-Mult test, the quality of life scale, the Hamilton scale of depression and anxiety. We used non-pharmacological methods of rehabilitation for correction cognitive impairments in patients with mild and moderate dementia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients got access to the online version of cognitive training which was very important during quarantine restrictions. Currently, a group of patients is training remotely. Results. The following data of the study were observed: 88 % of patients had decreased memory, 38% had symptoms of depression, 28% had mild situational or neurotic depression, 8% had moderate depression, 2% had severe depression, 20% had a state of severe anxiety, 16% had symptoms of anxiety. The average rate of quality of life among all examined people was 67.5 out of 100. Conclusions. The results of the conducted research indicate the need for further study of the features of the comorbid pathology in epilepsy and the development and implementation of nonpharmacological methods for treatments of epilepsy. There is a need for further study of the effectiveness of cognitive training in patients with epilepsy.

A pandemia de COVID-19 (Sars-Cov-2) trouxe reflexos e impactos relacionados à saúde pública, mas também para diversas atividades sociais e econômicas, das esferas pública e privada. Uma dessas atividades é a gestão portuária, atividade de grande importância na perspectiva do transporte e abastecimento. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta investigação foi identificar a dimensão do impacto da COVID-19 na movimentação de carga dos 10 maiores portos públicos da região Nordeste do Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizadas fontes bibliográficas e documentais, na base de dados do setor portuário disponibilizada pela Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários - ANTAQ. Testes estatísticos analisaram a movimentação portuária local entre os anos de 2010 e 2020, com foco no comparativo em relação ao período de pandemia. Foram identificados reflexos significativos das restrições impostas pela situação pandêmica com a diminuição da movimentação de cargas na maioria dos portos estudados, mas principalmente em Aratu/BA, Cabedelo/PB, Fortaleza/CE, Maceió/AL e Recife/PE. Por outro lado, foi possível observar que os Planos de Contingência Portuária impactaram positivamente no setor, mitigando outros efeitos negativos advindos da pandemia de COVID-19. Acredita-se, inclusive, que o legado plausível da crise pandêmica perpassa pela observação permanente dos cuidados recomendados pelos órgãos públicos em oposição à aplicação de exigências transitórias em crises temporárias de saúde ou de emergências diversas.

Recent studies of the impact of China's rise on the economies of sub-Saharan Africa generally find that the resource-rich countries of the sub-continent will gain while those that compete with China in export markets will invariably lose. Mauritius, with no exploitable natural resources, and facing acute Chinese competition in its traditional markets, is a most likely candidate to suffer China's onslaught. This paper argues that China's economic rise can benefit Mauritius. Analyzing the impact of China through the channels of trade, aid and investment, we show that preference erosion, not China's emergence, is to blame for the drastic loss of jobs in the clothing industry. This industry, however, has proved resilient since exports are back on a rising trend. On the other hand, Chinese aid to finance construction and infrastructure projects has been a welcome relief, even when it has been tied to the use of Chinese labour and inputs. The most significant benefits of China's engagement are likely to occur in the area of investment as China strategically uses Mauritius as a platform to penetrate the African market. Les etudes recentes sur l’impact de la croissance de la Chine sur les economies de l’Afrique subsaharienne concluent generalement que les pays riches en ressources naturelles en seront les principaux beneficiaires, tandis que ceux dont les marches d’exportation concurrencent la Chine seront inevitablement desavantages. L’Ile Maurice, sans ressources naturelles exploitables, et faisant face a une concurrence chinoise aigue sur ses marches traditionnels, fournit un bon exemple d’un pays particulierement susceptible d’etre defavorise. Cet article suggere que l’importance croissante de la Chine en Afrique peut etre benefique a l’Ile Maurice. En analysant l’impact de la Chine sur le commerce, l’investissement, et l’aide au developpement, il est demontre que les licenciements dans l’industrie de la confection a l’Ile Maurice sont dus a une erosion des preferences et non pas a l’emergence de la Chine. Neanmoins, cette industrie manifeste une certaine tenacite puisque les exportations sont en hausse. Par ailleurs, l’aide au developpement chinoise dirigee vers des projets de construction et d’infrastructure est bien recue, meme lorsqu’elle est liee a l’utilisation de travailleurs et de materiaux Chinois. Mais les avantages les plus significatifs d’un engagement de plus en plus important avec la Chine sont susceptibles de se produire dans le domaine de l’investissement car l’Ile Maurice est une plate-forme strategique chinoise facilitant la penetration du marche africain.

In recent decades, the emergence of global value chains (GVCs) has changed international trade patterns. Today, the production of goods involves international production sharing, which allows countries to trace the value-added distribution to international trade. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has lowered the trade intensity between countries and can disrupt many sectors. This study uses a dynamic panel approach with the generalized method of moments estimator to investigate the pandemic’s impact on GVC participation. We also investigate whether gross domestic product (GDP) per capita may influence GVC participation, and use institutional quality as control variables. We used the Asian Development Bank Multi-Regional Input-Output (ADB MRIO) data for the 2010–2020 period. We employ backward and forward linkage approaches based on value-added exports to address the overvaluation problems in gross exports. The empirical results illustrate that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in GVC participation, on average. Furthermore, GDP per capita plays a significant role in GVC participation in backward and forward linkages with higher-quality institutions.