Cloth Modeling and Simulation: A Literature Survey

Photogrammetry is a significant tool museums utilize to produce high-quality 3D models for research and exhibit content. As advancements in computer hardware and software continue, it is crucial to assess the effectiveness of photogrammetry software in producing research-quality 3D models. This study evaluates the efficacy of Apple’s Object Capture photogrammetry API to create high-quality 3D models. The results indicate that Object Capture is a viable option to create research-quality models efficiently for a variety of natural and cultural heritage objects. Object Capture is notable for its minimal need for masking backgrounds within images and its ability to create models with fewer than 100 images and process 3D models in under 10 minutes.

Microcomputer memory performance in a resource sharing distributed information processing environment

Statistical cartography, the production of statistical maps, has been widely used in fields such as medicine, geophysics, criminology, linguistics, and biology to address questions concerning the spatial distribution of phenomena. Recent advances in computer hardware and software have made it possible to produce statistical maps rapidly and economically. Few applications of the methodology in special ecuation research and planning have yet surfaced, however. The article describes the basic methods and procedures of computerized statistical cartography and provides several suggestions for its application in special education research and planning, both state and national. A study of regional low-incidence handicap service patterns is presented. Included are examples of special education service maps produced by computer.

Design and analysis of products and structures is changing quickly with advances in computer hardware and software. In most industries there is a demand to continuously shorten the time for product development while increasing quality at the same time. It would be an advantage also for the joinery industry to increase the use of computer-aided engineering tools when developing wood products, but wood is a more complex and variable material and needs more concern than a homogeneous, isotropic material such as steel. In this study a finite element analysis of a wooden spiral staircase was compared to the results from a full-scale test. Displacements were measured for different load configurations. Finite element calculations were performed with a linear elastic model with solid elements and simplified modeling of the joints. Finite element calculations and tests showed that the simplified solid model was stiffer than the real staircase. The conclusions are that for this kind of structure, a more detailed model including the non-linear behavior of joints is needed, and more detailed studies of the wood joints and supports are necessary.

Recent advances in computer hardware and software can enable individual instructors to easily create and deliver prerecorded lectures via the World Wide Web. Using new video and audio compression techniques, an entire semester of lectures can be stored on less than 2 gigabytes of disk space and delivered over the Internet on demand. A methodology for quickly generating effective lectures at relatively low video frame rates is described, and examples of the technique are provided on the Web.

Acute myeloid leukemia and artificial intelligence, algorithms and new scores

Simulation Validation and ManagementJohn D. IligenIligen Simulation Technologies, Inc.250 Storke RoadSuite 10Goleta, California 93117jillgen@illgen.comABSTRACTThe past several years have seen many technological advances in both computer hardware and software. Computer hardwareis becoming very complex. Computer hardware and software have virtually taken over every aspect of our lives, both in thehome and in the workplace. The government is looking at computer modeling and simulation (MIS) as a way of predictingcomplex system behavior without having to construct expensive prototypes or conduct extensive field tests. Decision makersare demanding that the use of M/S be made an integral part of any major system acquisition.As the use of computer software increases, there has been a concomitant call for uniform policies and procedures that willprovide assurance as to their credibility. Thus, the Verification and Validation (V&V) of M/S has also taken on new mean-ing. While software V&V has long been recognized as the means to credibility, only recently has it become seen as a neces-sary requirement. Standard definitions have been promulgated by the Department of Defense (DoD Directive 5000.59).Committees, working groups, and conferences are devoting much of their time to the subject. Unfortunately, because ofthese various disparate activities, confusion abounds because there is NO standard methodology for V&V. Enter the Distrib-uted Interactive Simulation (DIS), which is adding another layer of complexity, and this confusion turns into chaos.iligen Simulation Technologies, Inc. (1511) has been working IV& -rograms for the past six years. As a result, they haveevolved a methodology that has been adopted and successfully implemented by a number of different IV&V programs. Thismethodology employs a unique use of Computer Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) tools to reverse engineer source codeand produce analytical outputs (flow charts and tables) that aid the engineer/analyst in the V&V process. We have found thatthe use of CASE tools saves time, which equates to improvements in both schedule and cost. This paper will describe theISTI-developed methodology and how CASE tools are used in its support. Case studies will be discussed.1. INTRODUCTIONAs Figure 1 illustrates, technology has changed a lot in the last ten years. So has the way the DoD is doing business. At thattime, most M/S were executed on mainframe computers. At that time microprocessors, as we know them today, were justbecoming known. The IBM-compatible XT was the hot item, but it could not support computationally intensive programssuch as sophisticated MIS. In those time, MIS was not well understood. They were considered a play toy of the engi-neer/scientist. Since mainframes weren't known for their user-friendly ways, decision makers and higher-level executivesweren't known to waste their time trying to understand them.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques have progressed to a point where they can be routinely applied towards the simulation of blood flow dynamics in the human vasculature. Patient-specific geometries and physiologically accurate flow rates can be obtained from clinical images to provide accurate boundary conditions for these simulations. Advances in computer hardware and CFD software in recent years have reduced the simulation computing time from days to hours. Such a time frame permits incorporation of the information obtained with CFD into the clinical workflow for the surgical repair vascular pathologies. In this article, the concepts of CFD are introduced via a patient-specific simulation of the hemodynamics in a type III B aortic dissection. Emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of how to optimize CFD simulations so that their results may be of clinical value to the treating surgeon. Limitations as they exist today are discussed.

Advances in computer hardware and modeling software have made it possible to simulate pulsatile blood flow in anatomically faithful arterial models derived from non-invasively acquired angiographic images. Such studies require the combination of multidisciplinary techniques ranging from medical imaging, image processing, to computational fluid and solid mechanics. Over the last few years, there has been a rapid surge of interest in combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with in vivo imaging techniques for more detailed investigation of haemodynamics in specific arteries of individual subjects or patients. This presentation will be focused on the modeling of blood flow at carotid artery bifurcations, using in vivo anatomical and flow data acquired by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound. Techniques and methods required for this integrated imaging/modeling approach will be described. Subject-specific simulations of flow at the carotid bifurcation will be demonstrated, and examples will be shown for both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Accuracy and reproducibility of this combined modeling approach will be addressed and potential applications of this tool for clinical studies will be highlighted.

Designing new medicines more cheaply and quickly is tightly linked to the quest of exploring chemical space more widely and efficiently. Chemical space is monumentally large, but recent advances in computer software and hardware have enabled researchers to navigate virtual chemical spaces containing billions of chemical structures. This review specifically concerns collections of many millions or even billions of enumerated chemical structures as well as even larger chemical spaces that are not fully enumerated. We present examples of chemical libraries and spaces and the means used to construct them, and we discuss new technologies for searching huge libraries and for searching combinatorially in chemical space. We also cover space navigation techniques and consider new approaches to de novo drug design and the impact of the "autonomous laboratory" on synthesis of designed compounds. Finally, we summarize some other challenges and opportunities for the future.

Demands on manufacturing industry to provide flexibility and to reduce costs have put pressures on manufacturing companies to improve productivity. These demands, coupled with computer hardware and software advances, have encouraged manufacturing information system (MIS) development. As a result the role and importance of a MIS within the manufacturing environment has changed dramatically in recent years. An understanding of the new requirements is essential. In particular, traditional ways of providing manufacturing information to the shop-floor has not necessarily been task related. Rather, general information were made available but needed to be found or located as and when required. Although this has satisfied the requirements of normal operations, there are a number of problems associated with this form of documentation and display. The physical separation of the processes and their descriptions, the procedures, the poor user friendliness, the high maintenance efforts and the inability of the documentation systems to effectively capture process know how are some of the key problems. These have placed limitations on the use of traditional approaches. As an attempt to improve the situation, this paper discusses the structure of a task-centered, multi-media (TCMM) manufacturing information system which aims to provide a working environment to help the user collect, select and present manufacturing data according to the specific needs of managers/operators. With a task-centered user interface and an integrated computer-based training (CBT) module, such a system can be used at various levels within the organization both as: A reference library to provide information such as products data and operational procedures; A task-centred, interactive system to help carry out on-line operations, and; A computer-aided training tool to train the company's managers/operators. Furthermore, its structure as a knowledge repository should lend itself to grow and adoptive, as the company's product ranges and manufacturing processes progress through time. A number of intranet-based TCMM implementation are also discussed to illustrate its industrial application.

Modeling and simulation have quickly become equivalent pillars of research along with traditional theory and experimentation. The growing realization that most complex phenomena of interest span many orders of spatial and temporal scales has led to an exponential rise in the development and application of multiscale modeling and simulation over the past two decades. In this perspective, the associate editors of the International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering and their co-workers illustrate current applications in their respective fields spanning biomolecular structure and dynamics, civil engineering and materials science, computational mechanics, aerospace and mechanical engineering, and more. Such applications are highly tailored, exploit the latest and ever-evolving advances in both computer hardware and software, and contribute significantly to science, technology, and medical challenges in the 21st century.

The remote sensing applications are growing very rapidly with the availability of high-resolution data from the state of the art satellites like IRS-1C/1D/P4. The advancement in computer hardware and software in the area of remote sensing also enhance the growth of remote sensing applications. IRS-1C/1D/P4 provides data with the resolution of 5.6m in panchromatic mode giving more information of the ground area covered. The remote sensing satellites with high-resolution sensors and wide coverage capabilities will provide the data with better resolution, coverage and revisit to meet the growing application needs. Many applications like crop acreage and yield estimation, draught monitoring and assessment, flood mapping, waste land mapping, mineral prospectus, forest resource survey etc., have become an integral part of the resources management system in the developing countries. These resource management systems need the data to be transferred in real time or near real time for processing. The transfer of data in real time or near real time calls for advanced data delivery techniques to deliver the data as quickly as possible. Processing of remote sensing data can be performed even on low cost personal computers, which in turn further increases the remote sensing applications enabling by setting up the processing centers even at grass root level i.e., at district, taluk or village level. Setting up of processing centers at grass root level demands for quick, cost effective and efficient data delivery mechanism to transfer remote sensing data with or without value added services. The digital revolution has reached broadcasting with the introduction of direct broadcasting of digital data. These modify the traditional data transfer techniques by separating the actual service from the transmission system, thus enabling the distribution of any kind of digital data to stationary, portable or mobile terminals. This allows remote sensing data to reach a large number of users simultaneously and independent of their location. This article highlights the concepts, possibilities, and implementation mechanisms to realize the remote sensing data transfer through direct broadcasting technique and enhance remote sensing applications.

This paper examines the various issues concerning monitoring of electric power quality of a network. It discusses the many underlying objectives and the resultant benefits for undertaking comprehensive power quality monitoring. It describes the various requirements that a monitoring instrument must satisfy in order to achieve these objectives. Various kinds of power quality monitoring equipment are described and their advantages and disadvantages are elaborated. It then describes the design of a unique monitoring system, based on general-purpose data acquisition system and making use of the latest advancements in computer hardware and software technologies. It demonstrates that this system has the potential for use in comprehensive system-wide power quality monitoring.

Due to the technological advances in computer hardware and software tools, structural optimization has been gaining continuously increasing interest over the last two decades. The purpose of the present work is to quantitatively compare three metaheuristic optimization algorithms, namely the Differential Evolution, Harmony Search and Particle Swarm Optimization methods, in the framework of structural optimization. The comparison of the optimizers is performed with reference to their efficiency (overall computing demands) and robustness (capability to detect near-optimal solutions). The optimum design of a real-world overhead traveling crane is used as the test bed application for conducting optimization test runs.