Coexistence of DWDM-PON and EPON Systems as a Hybrid Communication Network

Energy-constrained transmission on hybrid communication networks

Hybrid networking of power line and wireless communication can complement each other, save construction costs, improve network robustness, and has important value on the Internet of Things and smart grid. For power line and wireless dual-interface devices, a media access control (MAC) layer algorithm for hybrid communication is proposed, in which the stations can compete for two channels simultaneously. When a station obtains two channels at the same time, the station will randomly select a channel for transmission to ensure fairness, and reset the counters when the transmission is successful. In this paper, the performance of the unsaturated traffic model and counter spatial division is considered, and the throughput under coupling conditions is obtained. Finally, the simulation results show that the MAC layer algorithm based on the hybrid communication network can make full use of the advantages of the two channels, improve system throughput, and reduce transmission delay.

Energy generation, distribution and consumption include different personnel at various hierarchical levels such as Production, Transmission and Distribution, Billing, Corporate, including the End User or Consumer. Enabling simple, user-friendly, reliable, efficient, timely and seamless connectivity to critical information to all such personnel remains the most desirable feature and benchmark for Smart City. Reliable availability of critical data on timely basis in desired formats for different decision-making authorities plays key role for successful e-Governance of energy distribution systems. Emerging approaches based on hybrid communication technologies possess capability to transform the present ones into smart, intelligent and adaptive sites and could become basis of exploring more options including anytime–anywhere monitoring in future. Welcome to be the part of transition of epoch and total paradigm shift in the domain of electricity utility services! E-Governance system for Smart City could be well defined as System of Systems, wherein E-Governance of Energy Generation and Distribution functions as vital source of power. Solar photovoltaic (SPV) is the proven method of electricity generation with significant sustainable future potential. Grid-tied PV rooftop system is gaining worldwide acceptance as one of the most widely accepted models for wide-scale deployment due to their simplicity, ease of installation, operation, maintenance, scalability, etc. E-Governance of powergrid implies the responsible and accountable delivery of electrical power assisted or supported by communication devices providing efficient and effective communication between Government to Government (G2G), Business to Employee (B2E), Business to Government (B2G), Business to Citizen (B2C) and finally, Government to Citizen (G2C). Globally, today many cities are adapting e-Governance for enhancement of utility services and improved citizen convenience. Gandhinagar has emerged as the city in India taking leadership in application of advanced hybrid communication technologies and thereby transforming itself into Smart City. Earlier Gandhinagar has been facing frequent power shortages as well as demand–supply fluctuations causing not only inconvenience, but also resulting in large work losses and production losses as well as chaotic situations. With the untiring efforts of visionary and inspirational leadership of Gujarat-India on political-diplomatic-administrative fronts and initiatives such as Gandhinagar Rooftop Photovoltaic Programme, Solar City—Smart Grid Project, etc., have been implemented with efficient, effective and citizen-friendly objectives, wherein Solar Policy of Gujarat state has been of immense support. For sustainable growth and enhanced lifestyle of citizens, reliable and affordable power is a mandatory requirement and Gandhinagar city administration has been doing its best to approach every citizen through hybrid communication network, especially for power distribution and thereby resulting in strong trustworthy relationship of citizens with the government. Today, Gandhinagar is considered to be one of the most advanced and world-class self-reliant city having most resilient power infrastructure in India. Well-planned, systematically designed, and customer-oriented power distribution network encouraging participation of citizens has played key role in making Gandhinagar more liveable and a place to stay today. Complete Gandhinagar has been geographically distributed into separate zones, interested citizens are invited to express their willingness to participate in the programmes and after completion of formalities including registration, document verification, etc., scope and size of SPV installations are fixed up. Commercial aspects such as subsidy, revenue sharing and billing details are worked out on actual basis. Using seamless data connectivity using GUIs based on GPS, GIS and Virtual Instrumentation, real-time data of generation and consumption have been availed to the end user for determination and implementation of his real-time choice to run important equipments, if any. This chapter also includes descriptions on hybrid communication technologies deployed to timely serve need-based information. Remote Energy Parameter Monitoring System using Hybrid Communication Technologies for Solar Photovoltaic Energy Generation System for Gandhinagar Solar City has also been presented. The chapter ends with discussion over transformation of Solar City into Smart City.

DirecPCTM’s Turbo Internet is a low‐cost hybrid (satellite‐terrestrial) high‐speed digital transmission system developed as a collaborative effort between the Center for Satellite and Hybrid Communication Networks and Hughes Network Systems. The system uses receive‐only VSAT satellite links for downstream data delivery and public telephone networks at modem speeds to provide the upstream communications path. One of the services provided is high speed Internet access based on an asymmetric TCP/IP protocol. In the initial protocol implementation, we achieved four times higher throughput than that of today high‐speed modems (28.8 Kbps) alone (Falk 1995). This throughput can be further enhanced. The mismatch in bandwidth and delay in this hybrid network prevents the full use of the satellite link bandwidth (1 Mbps). This paper presents two techniques, TCP spoofing and selective acknowledgment dropping, which significantly increase the overall throughput of the hybrid network. Our approach does not require any...

In order to overcome the problem of long response time and poor interaction in traditional English reading teaching system, an interactive English reading teaching system based on hybrid communication network is proposed. The hardware part of the system is composed of seven modules, among which the course management module mainly adopts the combination of file system and multimedia attribute database to manage the uploaded data of teachers. Students use the hyperlink location field to mark the connection location of the media, can see more colourful learning pages, to achieve the interactive design of the teaching system. In the software part, the learning evaluation model is constructed by covering method or error method to realise the comprehensive evaluation of students' learning state. Simulation results show that this method can comprehensively understand and evaluate students' learning status and knowledge points, shorten the response time of the system, and has great advantages.

Synthetically analyze the power distribution communication network technology in the smart power grid link. It mainly includes the summary of the smart distribution network, electric power communication backbone network and then layer communication requirements, the network mode and the application mode of WLAN technology in the distribution network, EPON network technology, micropower wireless technology, PTN technology and power broadband wireless systems. State the demand of the smart power distribution business and put forward technical guidance for the smart power distribution communication network scheme. In view of the complex distribution network architecture, more nodes and scattered, complex business types data business needs, put forward the integrated solutions of optical fiber communication as the backbone access, wireless bandwidth, passive optical communication as the coverage, the short distance wireless communication as the main terminal access. It provides a reference for the communication plan of distribution side.

In the era of application convergence, the embedded systems are required to support multiple applications with different traffic patterns and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. But continual process technology's shrinking trend makes the communication network of the embedded system the performance bottleneck for its increased latency. To ameliorate this problem, a communication-centric embedded system architecture (ACCESA) is proposed in this paper which is modular and block based. The modular and block based architecture of ACCESA helps in performance improvement of the embedded system by means of flexible and efficient QoS provisions and power management. The pre-fabricated or preconfigured hybrid and hierarchical communication network of ACCESA saves on run-time reconfiguration time and on interconnect cost by preventing under utilization of communication resources without sacrificing on processing speed and throughput of the applications. This reduced and efficient resource usage in ACCESA in turn saves on power consumption of the chip.

In this article a hybrid communication network with a heterogeneous on intensity of incoming messages flow and access protocol terrestrial subnetwork is considered. The process of blocking of receiving buffer of local networks stations that make up the terrestrial subnetwork, and satellite communications is considered. It is shown that in analyzing the process of inter-regional transfer of information in a hybrid network, necessary take into account the influence on network characteristics. The model estimates the influence of blocking of the local networks stations receive buffers and communication satellite on the characteristics of the hybrid heterogeneous communication network is carrying out.

The rapid and continuous increase in the number of users on the Internet and the increase in the volume and quality of information transmitted in broadband wireless networks requires a dramatic increase in the performance of multimedia communication channels. In this regard, in recent years, within the frame of the development of next-generation networks, intensive research is being carried out to improve wireless performance. One of the directions for creating ultra-high-speed (up to 10 Gbit/s) and reliable wireless communications is the development of hybrid systems based on laser and radio technologies.

We consider the problem of computing routing schemes in the HYBRID model of distributed computing where nodes have access to two fundamentally different communication modes. In this problem nodes have to compute small labels and routing tables that allow for efficient routing of messages in the local network, which typically offers the majority of the throughput. Recent work has shown that using the HYBRID model admits a significant speed-up compared to what would be possible if either communication mode were used in isolation. Nonetheless, if general graphs are used as the input graph the computation of routing schemes still takes polynomial rounds in the HYBRID model.We bypass this lower bound by restricting the local graph to unit-disc-graphs and solve the problem deterministically with running time O(|H|2+log⁡n), label size O(log⁡n), and size of routing tables O(|H|2⋅log⁡n) where |H| is the number of “radio holes” in the network. Our work builds on recent work by Coy et al., who obtain this result in the much simpler setting where the input graph has no radio holes. We develop new techniques to achieve this, including a decomposition of the local graph into path-convex regions, where each region contains a shortest path for any pair of nodes in it.

In this manuscript, the Dynamic ambient HetNet for hybrid data communication and transmission in IoT networks is proposed. The lodging of colossal devices and their linkages in and beyond 5th generations (5G) has obtained a great deal of studies from academia and business. In the macro hotspot field, the uses of emerging Device-to-device (D2D), Light Fidelity (LiFi), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Drones can’t simply cross the paths of transient network support prerequisites. Environmental interaction is an optional way to efficiently reduce this problem through the provision of urgent connections among limited-power servers. In addition, the effectiveness of transmission relies on parameters and range from factors like signal form, Radio frequency (RF) origin and the atmosphere, i.e. indoor or outdoor. The proposed Dynamic Ambient HetNet architecture both indoors and outdoors, where a source node is connected to the target node via radio frequency-powered relays to increases network coverage and enhance the efficiency of mobile devices either within the macro hot spot region or during the disaster area like hurricanes. This method can exploit the Wireless interweave down-convert up-convert protocol with energy-collection capacity for simultaneous information and power transfer. During the propagation from the origin node, radio frequency-powered relay can monitor hybrid data broadcasts, owing to its full duplex features. The efficiency assessment in MATLAB demonstrates the traditional models for radio frequency relay in hybrid communication. Moreover, we endow with the challenges in relation to the ambient backscatter communication network. The experimental results proved that the proposed method is better in terms of power factor and throughput gives 90%, ratio for the uplink and down link in terms of cell load has obtained 75%, and packet throughput in terms of speed has the value of 93%.

Heterogeneous teams of robotic agents using hybrid optical wireless and radio frequency intermittent network communications and cloud based computing resources can achieve complex missions efficiently through improved mission and motion planning. Although radio frequency communications dominate the robotic network field, they are limited in range due to spectrum congestion and subject to interference from noise or hostile jamming. Optical communication has many advantages such as higher bandwidth and focused beam, however the line-of-sight requirement generally limits its range and application. Maintaining a continuously connected network graph between agents is also often overly restrictive, dramatically limiting their freedom of motion and therefore efficiency. In this paper we present a method to coordinate a heterogeneous team of agents using an intermittent optical and radio communication network which improves the execution of the mission considering the abilities and resources of the various agents. Realistic simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach.

In this paper, we consider networked distributed systems in the presence of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, namely attacks that prevent transmissions over the communication network. First, we consider a simple and typical scenario where communication sequence is purely Round-robin and we explicitly calculate a bound of attack frequency and duration under which the interconnected large-scale system is asymptotically stable. Second, trading-off system resilience and communication load, we design a hybrid transmission strategy consisting of Zeno-free distributed event-triggered control and Round-robin. We show that with lower communication loads, the hybrid communication strategy enables the systems to have the same resilience as in pure Round-robin.

Shrinking transistor sizes and recent trends toward many-core chips have heightened the need for an efficient on-chip communication network to integrate various cores. However, buses and point-to-point interconnection will not result in scalability, modularity, and explicit parallelism, as well as may suffer great performance bottleneck. While state-of-art packet-switched network increases the communication costs and is incapable of performing multicast service. In addition, the emergence of reconfigurable system needs a flexible and application-specific architecture which could dynamically customize the systems. HCR-NoC (Hybrid-Communication Reconfigurable Network-on-Chip) is proposed in this paper, which could dynamically reconfigure MPSoC architecture based on buses traffic. To satisfy different communication services, we use a TDMA shared bus for inter-cluster communication in a designable framework, which enables topology reconfiguration upon regular physical network topology. An analytical verification tool is presented to simulate HCR-NoC system performance. Finally, the evaluations of HCR-NoC using Multimedia benchmarks show that significant reduction in power and area as compared to optimal mesh architecture NoC.

Mission-critical, converged networks in support of NATO operations demand hybrid and secure transmission systems that are based on optical media and wireless transmission systems. The Hybrid Extension Module (HEM) Prototype implements a NATO C3 Agency (NC3A) concept for future Deployable Headquarter (DHQ) communications infrastructure in support of NATO Response Force (NRF) and expeditionary operations. WiMAX has long been identified as the candidate Internet Protocol-converged (IP) wireless technology for deployable Headquarter (DHQ) networks. NC3A has tested the HEM Prototype as a proof-of-concept demonstrator and test-bed in various scenarios. In different occasions, the validity of the hybrid nature of the network, the performance of WiMAX, the information security aspects, the self-organization mechanisms of the hybrid network, and the deployability aspects of the concept were challenged. This paper provides the description of a long series of revisions to the initial concepts and designs, which stemmed from tests and from the experience gained with the deployment of the Prototype. It also addresses with detail a revised concept of operations, together with the description of the new, optimized system design. A particular focus is devoted to improvements in communications security and in WiMAX capacity.