Combinatorial method as a way to create multivariate products

Modern approaches to defining the concepts of "competitiveness" and "competitiveness management" were studied, influencing factors and methods of forming the process of competitiveness management were considered, and an algorithm for the growth of the company's competitive advantages on the market in crisis conditions was built on their basis. The evolution of marketing and sales channels under the influence of the development of information and communication technologies is considered. The peculiarities of traditional marketing, Internet marketing, digital and post-digital marketing and their role in the organization of sales at retail enterprises are analyzed. Recommendations have been developed for an integrated approach to the organization of sales, based on the implementation of an omnichannel strategy, which involves the use of all possible sales and communication channels on a single platform that should ensure a high level of their interconnection. The interaction of international integration unions in the conditions of global competition is considered. It was revealed that the modern architecture of the world economy reflects the coexistence of various types of systemic interaction of international integration associations in conditions of global competition, which determine the basis of efforts to transform them into principles of global management.

An analysis of freight transport statistics over the past 10 years shows sensitivity to political influences from almost all modes of transport to one degree or another, including rail. At the same time, the participation of rail transport in the total volume of freight traffic in recent years can be estimated at 17–18 %. In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the railway transportation sector in the total volume of freight. In order to ensure the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to take a number of technical, organizational and managerial decisions to offset the negative consequences. The development of domestic logistics potential involves the development of international transport corridors that will connect the macroeconomic regions of the north, south, east and west. This will certainly have an impact on the global economy as a whole. Therefore, the main task is to develop effective interaction between participants in transport processes both on related modes of transport, as well as the largest representatives of the operator and logistics business, cargo-forming enterprises. In this regard, the current situation has been analyzed using a tool to identify competitive advantages in the domestic market and in conditions of global competition.

Formulation of the problem. In the conditions of global competition, lean production acquires special importance. For enterprises all over the world, the only way to survive in the market is to produce goods and provide services that most fully satisfy the demands of consumers, while using advanced management methods and technologies. Lean manufacturing is one of the modern tools of production organization and management technology, which is used to improve the quality of products and services, the most complete satisfaction of consumer needs, while ensuring a careful attitude to the company's resources and their savings.
 The purpose of the study is the further development of methodological, methodical and practical approaches to the concept of Lean manufacturing to improve the quality of the enterprise's business processes.
 Research methods. The research used scientific methods, such as theoretical generalization, comparison, analysis, synthesis.
 Result. In the process of research, a comparison of traditional business management and the concept of lean production was made and revealed. that the concept of lean production has such advantages as the transition from centralized, vertical management to horizontal, involvement of all employees in the process, teamwork, focus on rational use of resources. The concept of lean production is aimed at eliminating the following main types of losses: overproduction of goods; waiting for raw materials, semi-finished products, necessary service information; unnecessary movement of materials; redundant processing steps arising due to errors in the design of business processes; excessive stocks and business processes leading to their occurrence; unjustified rotation of personnel in the work process; production of waste; underutilization of employees' creative potential.
 Conclusions. Six main elements and 52 components (requirements) of Lean manufacturing are defined based on the SAE J4000 standard for more successful application of lean manufacturing ideas in practice production to analyze the levels of implementation of lean manufacturing methodology components and elements. The main elements of the concept of lean manufacturing, the development and improvement of which should be focused on, are: company management and trust in it; enterprise personnel; information environment; chain "supplier – organization – consumer"; product; business processes. An important role in the concept of lean manufacturing is played by the 5S ordering system and the system of general maintenance of TPM equipment .
 Keywords: lean manufacturing; losses; flow of value creation; 5S ordering system; system of general maintenance of TPM equipment; SAE standard J4000.

The conditions of global competition and environmental sensitivities have made organizations and factories to collect returned products, in such a way that these organizations have tried to rehabilitate, recycle, or destroy these products in order to protect the environment. This paper propose a mathematical model for the green closed-loop supply chain network of heavy tire by considering the economic pricing of its products under conditions of uncertainty, which economically determines the price and leads to more profitability. In addition, the relevant model is a two-objective fuzzy model, the first objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize profits, and the second objective is to minimize environmental issues. The proposed model can also determine the optimal location of each center based on potential locations, the optimal amount of production, distribution, collection, recycling, as well as the reproduction of products. The ε-constraint method is used to solve the model with two objective functions; this method ensures strong Pareto optimal answers and prevents weak Pareto answers. Independent two-sample t-test is used to verify the results of certain and uncertain models in the studied model. In order to evaluate the effectiveness and profitability of the proposed method, a case study in the field of heavy tires is finally used, through which very useful results are obtained.

In the context of global competition and ongoing martial law, Ukrainian information technology enterprises face a complex set of challenges that significantly affect their competitive positions: talent outflow, energy crisis, rising customer acquisition costs, and intensified competition from countries with lower labour costs. At the same time, the IT sector remains one of the few segments of the economy demonstrating resilience and retaining its status as a key export driver. The relevance of the study is driven by the need for an objective assessment of the current level of competitiveness of domestic IT enterprises and the identification of strategic directions for its enhancement in the medium term. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the competitiveness of Ukrainian information technology enterprises under conditions of global competition and martial law, to identify key constraining factors, and to substantiate priority directions for strengthening competitiveness in 2025–2028. The article examines the dynamics of the Ukrainian IT sector development in 2020–2025. It is established that Ukraine ranks 4th in Eastern Europe and 25th globally in IT services exports while demonstrating high efficiency. The country’s positions in international rankings (Global Competitiveness Index – 85th place; AI Readiness Index 30th place) are evaluated. Key internal (outflow of 18–20% of specialists, low R&D funding) and external (intensified competition from India and the Philippines, 20–25% increase in CAC) constraining factors are identified. A SWOT analysis confirmed the sector’s strengths (human capital, nearshoring advantage, Diia.City) and critical weaknesses (brain drain, infrastructure risks). Based on the research results, six priority directions for enhancing competitiveness are substantiated: development of specialised technology hubs, strengthening university-business cooperation, expansion of state support through Diia.City and grants, focus on high value-added niches (AI, DefenseTech, HealthTech), building the international brand “Ukraine Tech”, and talent retention and repatriation programmes.

Abstract. Competition characterizes the relationships between entities and occurs in the field of economic, social, cultural and artistic relations, and of course sports. Nowadays, competition is most often understood as competition and rivalry between entities striving to achieve the same goal and the same benefits on a global scale. International (global) competition is commonly understood as competition between companies or countries on a global scale and is the most visible dimension of globalization. The emergence of global competition is mainly associated with changes that have taken place in the external environment of enterprises.
 Success in global competition can only be ensured by an action strategy that is focused on innovation, creates a system of rapid response to emerging opportunities and threats, enables active impact on factors shaping production and demand in the sector, on competitors, and related and supporting sectors. An effective strategy should also take into account the directions of internationalization or globalization of the company's operations, possible strategic alliances and the right location supporting competitive advantage.
 The globalization of knowledge and technology includes the intensification of international integration in the sphere of research and development and in the sphere of technology implementation, expanding international cooperation between companies from different countries sharing know how, as well as cooperation between governments and academic institutions, and an increase in the use of innovation on a global scale. In the conditions of global competition, people and their knowledge have become a strategic resource. The increase in intellectual capital efficiency depends on the ability and ability to associate it with abundant, and therefore cheap, factors located on the global market. Globalization, leading to the free possibility of production factors across borders, creates such possibilities.
 External and internal factors (determinants) of the international competitiveness of the enterprise are considered. The most important determinants of the so-called the company's closer environment is found out. These determinants remain in close dependence and interactive relationship with elements of the macroeconomic environment, primarily with economic, social, legal and political factors. They are independent of the enterprise, as they largely depend on the state policy, the degree of market regulation and, in general, the economic situation in a given country and in the global economy. In turn, internal factors determining the competitiveness of an enterprise in an ideal perspective depend on the enterprise itself, its resources and activities. However, one should remember about the interactivity highlighted above for all the determinants of competitiveness. The company has an impact on all of these factors, but their positive impact on improving competitiveness, competitive position and finally achieving the desired competitive advantage is also conditioned by external determinants of competitiveness.

In the context of digitalization and global competition, Ukrainian e-commerce platforms actively seek opportunities to enter new markets to scale operations and enhance competitiveness. Central and Eastern European countries, including the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, and Hungary, demonstrate stable demand for online services and a high level of digital infrastructure, providing favorable conditions for market entry. However, these markets also present challenges related to strong competition, regulatory differences, and the need for cultural and linguistic adaptation. The purpose of this study is to develop a practical competitive strategy for Ukrainian e-commerce platforms, using Rozetka as a case study, to support their expansion into these markets while considering local market specifics and consumer behavior. The methodology includes comparative market analysis, the application of SWOT and SPACE tools for strategic evaluation, and visualization of e-commerce trends and digital infrastructure in the target countries. The study identifies effective approaches to differentiation, such as promoting unique Ukrainian products aligned with local demand (including eco-friendly goods in Slovenia and seasonal products in Croatia) and leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance personalization and customer support. Emphasis is placed on localization strategies, including adapting platform interfaces to local languages, cooperation with local logistics providers for fast delivery within 1–2 days, and integration with European payment systems to improve user experience. The proposed hybrid strategy, combining differentiation and focus, enhances the competitiveness of Ukrainian platforms within the EU digital economy while ensuring their sustainable presence in the region. The findings provide practical recommendations for Ukrainian e-commerce companies aiming to expand internationally, particularly in adapting business models to the economic, cultural, and regulatory specifics of Central and Eastern Europe. This research contributes to the theoretical framework of strategic management in digital markets under conditions of global competition, supporting the integration of Ukrainian businesses into the European market environment.

The article examines strategic security management for enterprises in the context of global competition. In today’s world of rapid change and increasing instability, companies face numerous risks that threaten their resilience, efficiency, and competitiveness. These include economic, political, technological, and cybersecurity risks that can negatively impact a company’s operations and limit its ability to adapt to shifting market conditions. In such an environment, strategic security management plays a key role in maintaining competitive advantage and ensuring the long-term growth of the business. However, many companies still lack a properly developed security strategy, making them vulnerable to both external and internal threats. In the course of this research, theoretical and practical approaches to risk management were analyzed, and specific methods were explored to help enterprises better prepare for potential threats. Various methods were applied for this purpose, including SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, and risk management tools such as Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the Monte Carlo method. The data obtained indicate that for effective security management, companies should consider both external and internal risk factors and have the ability to adapt swiftly to changes. One important direction is investing in advanced technologies. In addition, emphasis is placed on developing a security-oriented organizational culture, which involves regular staff training and fostering a responsible approach to security issues. Another critical factor for success is the flexibility of management strategies, allowing companies to respond quickly to changing market conditions and emerging threats. This article offers recommendations for improving the effectiveness of management decisions in the security field, particularly regarding regular risk analysis, the development of action plans for emergency situations, and the integration of monitoring and forecasting systems. The implementation of these strategies can help companies maintain competitiveness, reduce dependence on external factors, and ensure long-term stability.

One of most often applied strategies of development of activities of entity – diversification is considered in article The benefits and shortcomings of such strategy of diversification as diversification in untied industries, recovery, economy, portfolio restructuring, etc. were studied in work. The strategy of multinational diversification allowing companies, especially noted being coordinated to invest in developments which are carried out at international level and to get considerable benefits in conditions of global competition. Strategies of diversification aren’t mutually exclusive and can be used in combination depending on individual characteristics of company for strengthening of its competitive line items, to form a basis of development of its innovative activities. The important component of management by diversification of innovative company – analysis between a current status of company and its strategic plans on development, received name gap analysis, or the analysis of gaps by means of which methods company is capable to organize search of ways for achievement of effective objectives and to determine required resources and approaches is revealed. Various aspects of this strategy, and also its practical application in economic activity – in form of creation of diversified companies – conglomerates were determined. In article positive and negative sides of carrying out diversification of business within one company are provided. The author allocated main directions of carrying out successful diversification. This would reduce financial losses from reorientation, and also an exit to new markets and activities segments. Also statistical data on a financial condition of largest world conglomerates, as example of efficiency of carrying out diversification were provided

Introduction: the article presents an analysis of penitentiary crime as one of the most dangerous forms of penitentiary deviance, considering its essential characteristics. A particular focus is placed on the distinctions between penitentiary crime, dependent on the characteristics of the perpetrators. Materials and Methods: the authors employed the dialectical method, a range of scientific methods, including general and specific scientific methods, systemic and structural-functional approaches. Results of the study indicate that the differentiation of penitentiary crime depending on the carriers is of particular practical importance in the prevention and minimisation of it. Discussion and Conclusions: penitentiary crime, as a phenomenon that challenges the efficacy of institutions designed to execute punishment, demands rigorous examination of its essence and distinctive characteristics among its carriers. This is essential for the development of effective prevention strategies.

The article identifies current trends and factors influencing the export of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers. The authors analyze the volumes and directions of supplies of phosphorus fertilizers from Russia, and identify key trading partners and sales markets. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems and identify areas for the development of exports of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers from the Russian Federation. The object of the study is phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers of the Russian Federation. The empirical basis of the study was the analytical and statistical data of the Federal Customs Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and PhosAgro. The theoretical basis of the study was the works of famous Russian and foreign scientists directly affecting various aspects of phosphorus – containing mineral fertilizers. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition. The study also used general scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, generalization method, comparative historical method. The study pays special attention to the economic and geopolitical aspects of the export of phosphorus-containing fertilizers. Regulatory and legal features of the export of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers are identified. The authors reflect the competitiveness of Russian products in the world market. In conclusion, they formulate conclusions reflecting the current state and prospects for the development of exports of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers from the Russian Federation, and also offer recommendations for strengthening Russia's position in the international arena. Research years – 2020-2024.

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to identify the main factors that constrain lending to enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, to suggest ways to improve their lending system. A systematic approach was chosen as the methodological basis of the study, which provides for a comprehensive study of the bank lending system of the agro-industrial complex. Historical and structural-functional approaches were also used in its analysis. Methods of comparative analysis were used to consider some problems of bank lending to the agro-industrial complex. Of the general scientific methods in this study, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used. The article examines the dynamics and structure of loans to the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine for 2015—2020; the dynamics of interest rates on loans to the agro-industrial complex and the dynamics of agricultural production by UAH 1. credit provision of the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine for 2015—2020. During the analyzed period, these indicators increase or decrease proportionally, as evidenced by the importance of the efficiency of credit support of the agar sector. In 2020, the efficiency of credit provision of the agricultural sector amounted to UAH 11.64, which is UAH 0.4 more than in 2015. The analysis revealed that the agro-industrial complex today has a high need for financial resources. The characteristic of the main problems of the mechanism of crediting of an agro-industrial complex is given. The need to ensure the availability of bank loans has been identified. Stimulating investment lending to agricultural enterprises will have a positive impact on the development of the industry, as well as improve the existing economic situation of rural residents. High demand for credit resources from agricultural producers, the current state and dynamics of lending to the agro-industrial complex in Ukraine allow us to conclude that it is necessary to improve the mechanism of bank loans, develop effective credit products for the agro-industrial complex and strengthen state support for agricultural lending. Keywords: credit, banks, enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, credit programs for the agro-industrial complex. JEL Classification G21, Q14 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 15.

The purpose. To identify the key success factors in the development of the infrastructure of outpatient polyclinic institutions (OPPIs) that provide cardiac care. The conditions of their development based on the principles of public-private partnership (PPP) are taken into account. Materials and methods. The research was conducted according to the program based on general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, interpretation of scientific data, as well as systemic and structural-functional approaches. Results. Significant problems in OPPIs that provide cardiac care infrastructure organization and management were identified. The data obtained showed the need to take measures for financing, organization of a high-tech production process, implementation of modern economic mechanisms in their work are necessary. This determined the search of mechanisms for the joint functioning of the state and business, the development of PPP in health care. The main mechanisms of PPP functioning were highlighted, namely organizational-legal, financial-investment, technical-organizational aspects. The benefits of cooperation for the state and the private partner are determined. A conceptual model of the key factors for achieving success in the development of OPPIs infrastructure based on PPP principles has been developed. Their role in the activities of OPPIs is indicated. Conclusions. The model of key factors for achieving success in the modernization of OPPIs infrastructure proposed in the article is a promising direction in the development of medical establishments that provide cardiac care. PPP is a promising direction in the development of the infrastructure of health care institutions in Ukraine.

Subject. Presidential elections as an indicator of internal political stability in the Russian Federation. Purpose. Identification of factors of political stability in the Russian society capable to influence the electoral behavior of citizens, their attitude to various political institutions and actors, as well as affect the results of presidential elections. Results. The processes that took place during the election of the President of the Russian Federation since the beginning of the 2000s were considered. Based on the data of the Central Electoral Commission, the results of voting for the country as a whole and for individual regions were analyzed. It was noted that the ability to overcome difficulties at crucial moments for the state predetermined certain victories of V.V. Putin in elections. Methodology. The article uses general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, method of comparative analysis, system and structural-functional approaches, statistical method. Scope. The results of the study can be applied in the practical activities of public politicians, state and municipal government bodies, in the development of general and special courses in political science, conflict science, national and regional security, political regionalism. Findings. The stability of the functioning of the structured political system and the high percentage of voters in the presidential elections clearly lie in effective action to ensure the well-being of citizens, the traditions of the national political culture.

REPSA: General combinatorial approach for identifying preferred ligand–DNA binding sequences