Complicating Communication in Computer Mediate Environments

Computer networks fundamentally changed the way we communicate and interact with each other. In fact, they now form the backbone of our modern societies. While early networks were merely a mechanism for exchanging data between end-hosts, current computer and telecommunication networks are way more than that. Compared to the early days of the networking not only the hardware of networks has changed fundamentally, but with it also the software deployed to control and manage these networks. To reduce the significant management cost of large networks, automated management, including autonomic computing and communications evolved.

Computer simulation is widely-used in investigating the performance of existing and proposed systems in many areas of science, engineering, operations research, and management science, especially in applications characterized by complicated geometries and interaction probabilities, and for dealing with system design in the presence of uncertainty. This is particularly true in the case of computer systems and computer networks. Therefore, it is very important to have efficient, reliable, and accurate methodologies for simulating these systems to ensure effective, reliable, and accurate evaluation and analysis of performance and to create the optimum design parameters for communication and computer networks. Although practical experiments and simulations are the most widely used, several efforts have also been directed towards mathematical models. The main objectives of this chapter are to: present the methodologies and techniques used to evaluate and analyze the performance of communication and computer networks routers, such as mathematical analysis, computer simulations techniques, and empirical measurements; identify the workload required for accomplishing a simulation model or mathematical analysis; identify the main metrics used to evaluate, manage, and control the performance of the computer networks; present the advantage and disadvantage of these techniques; and identify the challenges facing these different methodologies.

It is well known that well learning the computer network topology and its development trend is keenly important in the research of next generation network. It is necessary in a correct understanding of the current computer network development status and network system structure based on the meaning and expansion to meet the next generation network development needs of a new generation of network structure research. Therefore, this article analyzed the computer network and current situation of the development of the computer network. In recent years the evolution and development of computer network are summarized and analyzed by focusing on the meaning of network system structure deeply and widely. The conclusion of this article is important and key to guide the next generation of computer system network.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the impact of perceived price level and information security awareness on computer users’ attitude. Moreover, this study aims to investigate the effect of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on intention to use anti-malware software. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 225 students of five public universities in Malaysia. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. AMOS 24 was used to test the research framework using a two-step approach. Findings Findings give support to some of the hypotheses developed with R2 values of 0.521 for attitude and 0.740 for intention. Perceived price level had a negative effect on attitude while information security awareness had a positive effect on attitude and intention. Attitude, subjective norms and PBC were all positively related to intention, but perceived price level did not affect intention. This suggests that benefits of using anti-malware are more than its price value. Therefore, the price has no direct effect on intention to use. Research limitations/implications University computer networks are as open and inviting as their campuses. Therefore, this research can be helpful to the universities to safeguard their networks and encourage the students to use anti-malware. However, using anti-malware software will enable an individual to identify and prioritize security risks, quickly detect and mitigate security breaches, improve the understanding of security gaps and safeguard the sensitive data by minimizing the risks related to malware. Originality/value This study ventured to model the information security behavior of anti-malware usage by individual users by using the theory of planned behavior with the addition of two new variables, perceived price level and information security awareness to explain the behavior better.

BackgroundThe public health importance of digital health literacy has significantly increased during COVID-19 pandemic all over the world. Health literacy enables individuals in informed and timely decision making. Anxiety particularly during difficult situations may hinders the decision making ability of individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the digital health literacy seeking and its association with anxiety level among university students during the wake of COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.MethodsThis study was conducted as a member of COVID digital Health literacy network between 49 countries through an online-based cross-sectional survey. Data were collected with 1747 students from randomly selected four public sector universities in Punjab province of Pakistan. Digital health literacy instrument was used to assess students' skills in digital health information seeking regarding COVID-19. Sense of coherence (SOC) was evaluated through 9-item scale and anxiety was assessed using 9-items Dark Future Scale. Simple bivariate and multivariate linear regression was performed to assess the association of key characteristics with DHL and anxiety level among students.ResultsThe study found that about 54% of the students had high DHL and 51.9% had low or no anxiety. The results of multivariate analysis show that gender (p value=0.005), sense of coherence (p value<0.001) and importance of information (p value<0.001) were significantly associated with DHL. Additionally, Age (p < 0.001), subject group of study (p = 0.03), university of study (p < 0.000) and financial satisfaction (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with anxiety among students. However, there was no significant relationship of DHL, SOC, and wellbeing with anxiety.ConclusionsConcerted and focused interventions are needed to address anxiety related issues among university students.Key messages Future research should focus on health literacy environment and its relationship with the broader social, economic, and psychosocial contexts of anxiety among students.Concerted and focused interventions are needed to address anxiety related issues among university students.

Cross-domain recommendation aims to leverage knowledge from multiple domains to mitigate issues of data sparsity and cold–start problems. While traditional cross-domain settings often involve semantic domains (<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e.g.</i>, movies versus books), recent research has expanded this notion to include structure-level domains that reflect different types of interaction graphs. To this end, we propose <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Super–Item Interaction with Contrastive Learning for Structure-level Cross-domain Recommendation</i> (SI<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>CL), a framework designed to explore item-level structural associations and transfer knowledge across graph-based domains. Specifically, SI<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>CL integrates a user–item interaction graph and an item–item graph—each capturing explicit and implicit signals, respectively—while addressing the challenge of noisy or sparse connections via contrastive denoising. Super–item interaction further facilitates knowledge transfer by modeling shared preferences of highly connected items and clusters. By reconstructing an item–item graph and aligning it with user feedback through structure-aware contrastive learning, our approach uncovers latent item relationships and improves recommendation robustness. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of SI<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>CL in enhancing both accuracy and diversity in sparse or cold–start recommendation scenarios.

In recent years, modern work models have become the main focus of the development of various industries in our country. Most companies will use cloud computing, the Internet and other technologies to improve the quality of their work. When applying for a job, they will ask candidates if they can own computer systems, some industries that often use computers also put forward certain requirements for computer exams. It can be seen that computer skills are already a basic skill necessary for students. Judging by the current computer networking courses in the country, most colleges and universities have organized appropriate computer theoretical and practical training courses. However, judging by the share of these two courses in teaching, the share of theoretical knowledge is much higher than the share of practical courses. In this case, it will reduce the practical skills of students on the computer. In order to develop professional talents in the field of computer networking, colleges and universities should restructure practical courses on computer networks. This article analyzes strategies for building practical classes on the use of computer networks in higher education institutions.

Die vorhandenen Ansatze zur formalen Modellierung und Analyse von Computernetzwerksicherheit sind entweder auf eine Protokoll-, Knoten-, oder Netzwerksicht ausgerichtet. Meist beschranken sie sich sogar auf einen speziellen Teilbereich einer dieser Sichten (z.B. eine bestimmte Art von Protokollen, die Interaktion zwischen den lokalen Komponenten eines Knotens, oder die Ausbreitung vordefininierter Verletzlichkeiten). Insgesamt wird von jedem Ansatz jeweils nur ein kleiner Teil der Aspekte, die in praktischen Computernetzwerkangriffsszenarien vorkommen, abgedeckt. Hinzu kommen oft weitere Einschrankungen in Bezug auf Unterstutzung dynamischer Anderungen, modellier- und untersuchbare Eigenschaften, benotigte Unterstutzung der Analyse durch den Benutzer, usw. Um eine vollstandigere Sicht auf Computernetzwerkangriffsszenarien zu erhalten, mussen daher mehrere Ansatze, und damit auch Modelle, Formalismen und Werkzeuge, eingesetzt werden. Sowohl die Modellierungs- als auch die Analysearbeit fallen damit mehrfach an und Konsistenz zwischen den verschiedenen Modellen und Analyseergebnissen lasst sich nur sehr schwer erreichen. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neuartiger Ansatz vorgestellt, der die Protokoll-, Knoten und Netzwerksicht auf mittlerer Detailebene ubergreifend integriert. Die Modelle sind ausdrucksstark genug, um dynamische Anderungen zu beinhalten. Vielfaltige Eigenschaften konnen uber unterschiedliche Mechanismen spezifiziert werden. Da integrierte Modelle deutlich komplexer als eingeschrankte Modelle fur einen Teilbereich sind, ist die Analyse besonders schwierig. Im Allgemeinen schlagen Ansatze zur automatischen Analyse schnell durch Zustandsraumexplosion fehl. Durch eine intelligente Modellierung, die Berucksichtigung von Optimierungsmoglichkeiten auf allen Ebenen, die Modellierung mit einer objektorientieren und kompositionalen, aber trotzdem auf einer einfachen Struktur basierenden Sprache, und dem Einsatz eines dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung entsprechenden Analysewerkzeuges sind wir trotzdem in der Lage, erfolgreich automatisiert zu analysieren. Unser Ansatz basiert auf der Spezifikationshochsprache CTLA 2003, einem Framework zur Modellierung von Computernetzwerkangriffsszenarien, einem Ubersetzungsschema von CTLA 2003 nach PROMELA, dem CTLA2PC Ubersetzungs- und Optimierungswerkzeug, und dem machtigen Modellchecker SPIN. Die Durchfuhrbarkeit unseres Ansatzes wird durch die Modellierung und Analyse von drei dynamischen Netzwerkszenarien zunehmender Komplexitat aufgezeigt. In diesen Szenarien werden konkrete Angriffsfolgen als Verletzungen vorgegebener Sicherheitseigenschaften automatisch aufgedeckt.%%%%In the field of formal modeling and analysis as related to computer network security, existing approaches are highly specialized towards either a protocol, node, or network view. Typically, they are even further specialized towards a specific subset of one view (e.g., a certain class of protocols, interactions of local node components, or network propagation of predefined vulnerabilities). Thus, each approach…

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine knowledge management interrelationships in higher education institutions and to assess the impact of the university’s culture on knowledge management processes: creation, dissemination, exchange and application.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model establishes the relationships between organizational culture (OC) and knowledge management processes in a single framework. The study used the organizational culture assessment instrument to determine the culture type and used structural equation modeling to assess the underlying relationships between knowledge management process and OC.FindingsThe results of the factor analysis used in this study suggest that adhocracy organizational culture, in which an organization is characterized by emphasis on individual initiative and employee empowerment, may not necessarily affect all knowledge management processes equally. In particular, an organization’s culture principally influences the knowledge creation process, followed by knowledge exchange, in a public university setting.Originality/valueThe study provides a comprehensive outlook on the effect of adhocracy culture in higher education on the knowledge management process through the lens of one cultural context. In addition, this is the first study that explores the OC effect on knowledge management process in a Saudi public university.

Learning computer network material, especially computer network damage diagnosis material, is an abstract and difficult material to understand. The main objective of this research is to develop learning media that utilizes an expert system based on Borland Delphi 7 on valid computer network damage diagnosis material. This research was conducted in August 2021 at SMK 2 Serang. This learning media development design follows the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) stage. The validation of this learning media program includes content validation and the design of the media itself. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the learning media developed in this study had a very high validity value from the two aspects assessed. For the validity of this learning media subject matter, the validation by the expert is 3.61 and the validation by the teacher is 3.6 so it is very relevant to the concepts that will be taught using this media, while the validity of the media design by the expert is 3.5 and by the teacher 3.62 so that the learning media This research can be declared suitable to be used to support learning in schools

Network fault management is concerned with the detection, isolation, and correction of anomalous conditions that occur in a computer network. Present state of art in fault management classifies existing methodologies into two main categories: reactive rule based approaches and intelligent monitoring systems. In this paper we explore the concept of anticipatory behavior to develop an intelligent agent-based network management model, which uses an anticipatory agent to proactively detect occurrence of faults using a predictive model pertaining to network performance. To compare the effectiveness of the anticipatory technique, we build a simulation model of a network using the DEVS framework. Two reactive rule based fault management strategies are compared against the anticipatory approach. Results of the comparative analysis are presented to demonstrate the potential of the anticipatory technique in detecting network anomalies.

The work described in this Ph.D. thesis has been carried out within the context of computer networks and real-time multimedia applications over the Internet. Specifically, we focus on conferencing, a challenging service which experienced a wide growth during the last years. We examine the standardization efforts conducted in this field by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which are mainly focused on centralized conferencing as defined by the XCON Working Group. We actively contributed to such efforts by designing and implementing the defined framework and protocols, while also writing best current practice documents which are on the path to become Request For Comments (RFCs). The main outcome of such activities has been Meetecho, a standards-compliant multimedia conferencing and collaboration platform we developed. Meetecho has been conceived at the outset to be extensible towards a distributed architecture, yet being fully compliant with the XCON specification, in order to better fulfill scalability requirements resulting from its large-scale deployment. The distributed architecture, which is the subject of the DCON (Distributed Conferencing) proposal we submitted to the IETF, is thoroughly described herein, where we also provide the reader with the results of a scalability analysis we conducted in order to assess the actual performance improvement attainable with distribution. The figures obtained have been encouraging and definitely motivated us in pushing our proposal into the Internet standardization community. Finally, a remarkable part of this dissertation is focused on diagnosing and addressing issues that might arise when deploying multimedia architectures in the actual Internet.

Drawing on the idea of grid in computer networks, this paper maps heterogeneous wireless networks to distributed grids by introducing Resource Management Unit, and then presents a hierarchical semi-centralized architecture for load balancing of heterogeneous wireless networks. The analytical models for the signaling overhead of the architecture are established. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the architecture we proposed can reduce the signaling overhead and improve the system reliability effectively.

Readiness for Online Learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of Pakistani LIS students

There are several wide-area computer networks around the world that are used extensively by the space and Earth science community. These networks can be grouped by the computer communications protocol that they implement such as TCP/IP, NJE, X.25 and DECnet. The Internet (or TCP/IP Internet) uses TCP/IP, BITNET uses NJE, the international public packet switch network use X.25, and the DECnet Internet uses DECnet. Figure 1 illustrates the current computer connectivity in the world for the TCP/IP Internet, BITnet, other smaller networks and regions where no international computer connectivity exists. The DECnet Internet connectivity covers much of the same area as the TCP/IP connectivity map.