Guest Editorial Emerging Technologies in Software- Driven Communication

The paper is devoted to the synthesis of complex, multilevel hierarchical systems of high survivability, in particular, telecommunication (computer) networks. The computer network is constantly exposed to the destructive effects of the environment in which it operates. Therefore, there is an urgent problem of increasing survivable telecommunication (computer) networks for counteract of such influences, and maintaining the efficiency of such systems. Destructive effects on the network are usually random, but the assessment of such random events, based on classical probability theory, encounters serious difficulties because such events are not systematic and are not massive, which are necessary to assess the frequency of events that determine their classical probabilities. The paper proposes a model for the synthesis of a survivable hierarchical telecommunication (computer) networks. This model is formulated as the problem of nonlinear Boolean programming. The model uses subjective probabilities of efficiency of connection of various devices of a network in the conditions of destructive influences. The network is formed according to the criterion of maximum survivability (subjective probability of network operation under destructive influences). The proposed approach is studied on hierarchical telecommunication (computer) networks. However, the generality of the approach to the construction of survivable hierarchical systems, gives hope for the implementation of the developed approach to the synthesis of survivable multilevel hierarchical systems in other areas, including organizational management, political and economic systems.

The article analyzes the existing legal mechanisms for managing critical information infrastructure in Ukraine. The instruments for their improvement are proposing in this article. An important component of critical infrastructure is its information component – a critical information infrastructure. The sphere of protection of critical information infrastructure in Ukraine is at the initial stage of formation. The current legislation defines only certain objects of socio-economic sphere, in which extraordinary events can lead to socially dangerous consequences. In view of the fact, that the term “critical information infrastructure” does not having a consistent interpretation in different countries, we propose our opinion. “Critical information infrastructure is a system of information management of critical facilities and information and communication networks that provide defense capabilities and security of public and private institutions, whose operation may flow to the national security of Ukraine” (KII). In the KII we can identified information and network components. Information environment of KII is a system for information management of critical objects, including computing and information resources that form automated control systems (ACS). The network component of KII consists of a set of telecommunication devices, communication lines and network equipment, systems of open protocols for the exchange of information between elecommunication devices, global system of digital addresses and digital identifiers, software. The Internet network can be considered as a technological add-on over a telecommunication network that provides the provision of data transmission and processing services (e-mail, teleconferencing, file transfer, access to computing and information systems in local area networks). The main threat to the safety of ACS of critical information infrastructure objects is targeted actions on information systems, information and telecommunication networks by software and hardware. KII legal security include two main components – national and international. The national component may be forming by a set of principles, legal institutions and norms, which are enshrined in the national legislation regulating public relations in Ukraine in the area of counteracting the security threats of the ACS of critical objects. In order to protect the most important objects of KII, it is necessary to identify these objects. The current legislation defines such categories of objects, for which special conditions for ensuring their protection and functioning are established. Some of them, in whole or in part, may be classifying as objects of critical infrastructure. The specificity of providing information security was reflecting in such Ukraine laws like “On the Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine”, “On the Concept of the National Program of Informatization”, “On the National Program of Informatization”. As well as the Concept of Development of the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine, the National Security Strategy of Ukraine, the Strategy of Cybersecurity Of Ukraine. The National Security Strategy identifies actual threats to national security and sets priorities for information security, cyber security and security of information resources and critical infrastructure. At the same time, the implementation of the state policy in the field of security of KII requires the further development of legal principles and norms governing the relevant social relations, that is, the national component of the legal security of KII. Ukraine should ensure the establishment of a nationwide system for assessing risks and threats to critical infrastructure, and after the legislative definition of the main terms, the implementation of the Identification of Critical Information Infrastructure objects. Identification of objects of critical information infrastructure can be accomplishing by introducing the certification of objects of critical information infrastructure. Such passports must contain general data about the facility, data on the main sources of danger, data on hazardous natural conditions, technological processes and response to threats. The international component of the legal security of KII provides for the regulation of a set of principles and norms defined by international treaties and recognized by the state, regulating issues of international cooperation in this area. Ukraine has signed the Convention on Cybercrime together with the member states of the Council of Europe and other States. It is aiming at stopping actions against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer systems, networks and computer data, as well as abusing such systems, networks and data by installing the criminal responsibility for such behavior, the provision of powers sufficient to combat criminal offenses, and the conclusion of agreements on rapid and reliable international cooperation. In addition, the plan of measures for 2017 on implementation of the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine provides for the implementation of Directive 2008/114/EC on the protection of critical infrastructure, in particular on cybersecurity and cyber defense of critical infrastructure objects. Development of the system of international information security, the following main groups of international relations that requirenormative legal regulation within the framework of the legal security of KII: definition of the boundaries of the national KII in the global information and communication infrastructure and fixing signs of computer incidents in the control system of critical objects information infrastructure. The absence of generally recognized borders of state sovereignty of States in this space is a significant obstacle to the application of international law to the actions of other states. In particular, this impedes the establishment of limits of responsibility of states for violating the security of the KII and organizing international cooperation in the field of countering computer crime. The urgency of the legislative consolidation of signs of computer incidents in the automated control system of critical information infrastructure objects suggests the widespread use of the concept of “incident” in international law. An incident in cyberspace usually associated with a violation of the functioning of the components of cyberspace – an electronic collection environment and automated processing of information that determines the processes of the implementation of these operations, as well as information systems and automated control systems. The essence of the general definition of the “international incident” in the field of KII will be determining, firstly, by the nature of international relations between states that are violating by the “incident”. This event may be the result of unforeseen actions of the state, including actions that harm the interests of public bodies of one or more states, or, conversely, be one of many intentional but minor provocations carried out by agents of one state against another state. Given that international relations in the field of incidents in the field of KII are not regulating by international treaties, the main and, in fact, the only source of international law in this case serves as an international custom, however, its application to the sphere of KII is accompanying by considerable difficulties. For Ukraine, it is possible to introduce the positive experience of other states in the security of the KII. In particular, the problem of security of information technologies has been enshrined in the international standard ISO / IEC 15408 “General criteria for assessing the safety of information technology”.

Results of models parameters optimization for the nonstationary traffic in telecommunication and computer networks are given. For optimum modeling of the traffic dynamics metrics of Euclid’s and Gilbert’s spaces are used. The technique and algorithm of models optimization are developed. Theoretical positions are illustrated by numerical examples and diagrams with use ofMathCAD

Network simulation is a technique that models network behavior by performing transaction calculations between different network entities and using mathematical formulas and taking observations of network products. A network simulator is a software program have been applied to analyze the performance of a computer network without the presence of a real network. Hardware equipment, equipment configuration, communication, and routing protocols and network traffic modeled in simulation software and the behavior of the network and its components examined from different dimensions. The user can also customize the simulation software according to their needs. Simulation software has different uses, and the user can use these tools to model their network by recognizing this software. In terms of research, it is difficult to create a network, especially large networks, in a real-time scenario, and it is not easily possible to carry out it in the real world, and it is very costly. So, simulators help network developers to control whether the network can work in real-time or not, or whether it is efficient enough. This reduces the time and cost of network application testing.Today, simulation technology is successfully used to model, design and manage a variety of intelligent systems. Numerous tools have been created in this regard. In this article, we review and compare important network simulators such as CloudSim, GloMoSim, GNS3, NS-2, Opnet, OMNet ++, NetSim, NS-3, AVRORA, Packet Tracer, QualNet, J-Sim, REAL and OptSim and their results. These comparisons express from several perspectives in the tables.

Expert research assumes that research conducted by an expert is carried out on the basis of current legislation and on the basis of special knowledge, material objects, phenomena and processes that contain information about the circumstances of the case. There is currently no single methodology in the world and in Ukraine for determining the harm from dangerous acts in cyberspace and / or with its use, including for judicial purposes. However, this does not preclude research into the use of computers, systems and computer networks and telecommunications networks, where computer information is the subject of criminal encroachments. Also, specialized expert institutions of Ukraine provide methodological support for the study of software products as a means of committing computer crimes. The article presents the main types and kinds of cybercrimes. The article pays more attention to refilling (illegal substitution of telephone traffic). The main types of refilling detection systems, features and problematic issues of conducting expert research on the definition of refilling are considered. Prospects for further research on issues related to the definition of refilling are outlined. The subject of the research is related to the effectiveness of research in the field of telecommunications and information technology. Recommended for use in conducting comprehensive engineering research (expert specialty 10.9 «Research of computer hardware and software», 10.17 «Research of telecommunication systems (equipment) and tools») and research in the field of intellectual property (expert specialty 13.1.2) Research related to computer programs and data compilations (databases)).

The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of the investigative review during the pre-trial investigation of unauthorized interference with computers, automated systems, computer networks or telecommunications networks. Methodology. The article uses empirical and theoretical research methods. Among the empirical methods used were employees of operational units of cyberpolice and forensic experts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, data analysis of the open part of the Unified State Register of Judgments. Theoretical methods were analysis and synthesis, analogy, comparison, generalization. Scientific novelty. Methods of detection, fixation and seizure of intangible digital (electronic) evidence are proposed. The necessity of development of normative acts for systematization of methods of conducting investigative review of evidence sources in digital (electronic) form is substantiated. Conclusions. 1. Investigative review of information in digital (electronic) form is the basis of the system of proving the unauthorized interference in the work of computers, automated systems, computer networks or telecommunications networks. 2. The use of special knowledge during the investigative examination in the pre-trial investigation of computer crimes is mandatory. Involvement of a specialist allows minimizing and eliminating the risks of loss or destruction of digital (electronic) evidence and ensures effective organization of actions of participants in the investigative review. 3. The method of work of the investigator with information in digital (electronic) form is subject to legislative regulation. Consolidation of basic algorithms for organizing the work of the investigative (investigative-operational) group during the investigative review provides proper procedural control over compliance with the law in the pre-trial investigation and determines the systematic improvement of cybercrime investigation methods

All the basic concepts from Computer Networks useful for understanding the mechanisms used by cybercriminals are essential. On must study broad categories of Networks, OSI Networking Model, TCP/IP Networking Model and the functions of all their layers. Study of Network Topologies, Network Hardware Hubs, Repeaters, Bridges, Switches, Routers, Network Software, Client Server Computing, Server and Client Software is of equal importance. Several Network Protocols (TCP / IP), Internet, Internet Evolution and the Internet Architecture and Wireless Networks all these topics are the foundation for the study of Security and Security Incidents. Under topics Security and Security it comes, Security of Computers, Incidents on Computer and Computer Networks like Intrusion and Attacks. This gives an idea about crimes in cyberspace and some substantial methods of commission of crime. Keywords: Computer Network; Threat; Vulnerability; Security; Security Incidents; Cybercrime; Preventive measures; Cybercriminal

Since the 20th century, information and network technology, mainly represented by microelectronics, computer communication and network technology, has progressed and developed rapidly, and its dissemination and application have had a significant impact on economic development and social transformation. Among them, modern computer communication is an emerging discipline that effectively combines modern computer technology and communication technology. It has developed rapidly after experiencing the information revolution, which has greatly changed the daily work and lifestyle of people in modern society, and the changes in communication have also changed. After entering the new era, the conversion stage from analog signal to digitization to communication signal has basically ended. However, in the field of modern digital communication, there is still a lot of room for the advancement and development of electronic computer technology. Many new technologies and new technologies are emerging in an endless stream, which also provides ample room for future development of the industry. This article analyzes the transformation of computer network communication technology based on multi-platform data. First, use literature research methods to analyze the advantages of computer network communication technology in the era of big data. And summarize the problems of computer network general technology, and then use questionnaires based on big data platform to investigate the impact of computer network communication technology changes on people and the failure of computer network communication in life. The result shows that the video upload fails. The occurrence is very high. About 60% of people have experienced video upload failures. There are relatively few failures in hacking and image upload failures. This shows that the solution to the information network security problem in China is still possible, but the video high incidence of upload failures indicates that the speed of computer network communication needs to be strengthened. The direct impact of the reform of computer network technology is that people have more frequent contacts. About 50% of people have more frequent contacts with family and friends after the reform of computer network technology.

Building on the research produced by early and current computers and writing scholars, this chapter will look at the results of an analysis of both virtual- and classroom-based texts produced by nine first-year writers, five from composition I and four from composition II courses at a mid-sized, Midwestern, public university. The research included in this chapter explores the results of how blogging affected student writing in the first-year writing classroom. Specifically, this chapter focuses on the results of this study in relation to the explicit and implicit textual signals and how these textual signals complicate communication in computer mediated environments.

Time seems to be right for Indian libraries and information centres to join networks in greater numbers to overcome the issues such as budget constraints, information explosion, increase in cost of publications, and to utilize information available in machine-readable form worldwide. Telematics, the newly developed information technology - a combination of computers with telecmmunications - has been considered to be very promising technology for computer networking. Applications of Telematics in computer networking and its components have been discussed. Benefits of computer networking in terms of resource sharing, speed of information retrieval, retrenching the limit of the distance, etc. have been highlighted. Further experiences of Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi, a premier R&D organisation engaged in a wide variety of research programmes on highway engineering and related subjects, using its own Local Area Network and other two networks, viz., DELNET and SIRNET have been discussed in terms of hardware, communication softwares, LAN components and utilities (e.g. peer to peer communication and E-mail). The use of LAN with client server architecture, its potential benefits in library automation such as inter-library loan, quick reference, catalogue search facility through E-mail, file transfer and correspondence with member libraries, and problems, namely, non-availability of databases at member libraries, standardization of information, security, limited staff and cost of hardware and software have been discussed in particular for library and information applications.

Access and Information Remedies in High Tech Antitrust

The term traffic-carrying performance, as applied to any telecommunications network, is used to describe how effectively that network is able to transfer information between users. Earlier chapters have shown that traffic-carrying performance is inversely related to the percentage of calls lost and call set-up delay experienced with a circuit-switched telephone network, and to information-transfer delay across all types of data network. Call losses or delays can only be reduced by providing more or, with data, faster circuits and more equipment, at greater expense; thus traffic-carrying performance is also directly related to overall network cost. By matching the traffic-carrying performance of a private telecommunications network as closely as possible to the needs of the business concerned, it is possible to ensure that network costs are no greater than absolutely necessary. This objective can be achieved by designing the network to meet a performance target.

We present mathematical models that determine the optimal parameters for strategically routing multidestination traffic in an end-to-end network setting. Multidestination traffic refers to a traffic type that can be routed to any one of a multiple number of destinations. A growing number of communication services is based on multidestination routing. In this parameter-driven approach, a multidestination call is routed to one of the candidate destination nodes in accordance with predetermined decision parameters associated with each candidate node. We present three different approaches: (1) a link utilization (LU) approach, (2) a network cost (NC) approach, and (3) a combined parametric (CP) approach. The LU approach provides the solution that would result in an optimally balanced link utilization, whereas the NC approach provides the least expensive way to route traffic to destinations. The CP approach, on the other hand, provides multiple solutions that help leverage link utilization and cost. The LU approach has in fact been implemented by a long distance carrier resulting in a considerable efficiency improvement in its international direct services, as summarized.

To allow multiple corporations to provide more and more sophisticated information and electronic commerce services to many customers, telecommunication operators build infrastructure integrating these services with telecommunication networks. This chapter presents some software technologies used for this purpose.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a networking approach based on a centralized control plane architecture with standardised interfaces between control and data planes. SDN enables fast configuration and reconfiguration of the network to enhance resource utilization and service performances. This new approach enables a more dynamic and flexible network, which may adapt to user needs and application requirements. To this end, systemized solutions must be implemented in network software, aiming to provide secure network services that meet the required service performance levels. In this paper, we review this new approach to networking from an architectural point of view, and identify and discuss some critical quality issues that require new developments in software technologies. These issues we discuss along with use case scenarios. Here in this paper we aim to identify challenges for further evolution of software technologies in addressing problems of network evolution. Our view is based on the need for strong integration of network and software technologies, and therefore we establish the main focus of the paper on discussing SDN demands on software technologies. The main contribution is in categorization of open research problems and presenting ideas and opening new opportunities for future research.