Correlation between electrical resistivity and strength of copper alloy and material classification

Assessment of Steel Slag and Steel Fiber to Control Electromagnetic Shielding in High-Strength Concrete

The single-station Rayleigh surface wave group velocities and electrical resistivities are two data sets that we cooperatively employ to image the near surface (< 40-m) anomaly structures. We numerically simulate the corresponding field measurements where the anomaly structures are assumed to have two-dimensional (2D) variations. The surface waves are represented by fundamental mode dispersion curves, and the electrical resistivities are assumed to be measured by using direct currents. We consider two types of anomaly structures, i.e., cavity and ore body. These two heterogeneities are easily distinguished from the surrounding geomaterial by their distinct physical properties. The cavity is characterized by low seismic velocity and high electrical resistivity, while the ore body is characterized by high seismic velocity and low electrical resistivity. The Rayleigh surface wave data is assumed to be collected throughout the classical common-shot gather. Multiple electrodes, multiple core cables, and multiple arrays are assumed to be used in the electrical survey. Both surface wave group velocities and electrical resistivities are shown to properly invert the anomalous structures in the subsurface. The surface wave group velocities have good horizontal resolution, while the corresponding vertical resolution is somewhat lower. The electrical resistivities have good resolution for shallow structures, but the resolution becomes somewhat reduced with increasing depth. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2022-03-01-01 Full Text: PDF

Structure, electrical, mechanical and wettability of quenched lead-free solder alloys

The Yamasaki fault is a transcurrent fault extending over a distance of 80km in the western part of Japan along which microearthquakes occur densely. Electromagnetic investigation has been conducted in this area. The results of electrical resistivity measurements conducted during the period from 1975 to 1978 are presented in this paper.Resistivity measurements were made by several different methods, such as direct current methods and electromagnetic induction techniques. It has been revealed by the direct current methods that there is a belt along the fault in which the electrical resistivity is low, ranging from 100 to 400ohm-m, whereas the resistivity is higher than 10, 000ohm-m far outside. This belt is about 1km wide at some places. Inside this low resistivity belt, there run streaks of extremely low resistivity, such as 20ohm-m. The locations of these streaks correspond to the surface traces of the fault plane. Magnetotelluric investigations for a frequency range of 8 to 20Hz have indicated that the low resistive belt is circumscribed by a zone with intermediate resistivity of 1, 000ohm-m. Outside the area, on the other hand, the resistivity is higher than 10, 000ohm-m. From the investigations so far conducted, it may be said that the low resistive zone has a three-fold structure consisting of an inner low resistive belt of 100 to 400ohm-m, the outer zone of 1, 000ohm-m, and narrow streaks of very low (20ohm-m) resistivity inside the inner belt.The low resistive zone is suggestive of existence of a fractured zone with high water content along the fault. The difference between the low and the relatively low resistivity zone might arise from difference in degree of fracture and degree of water content. On the other hand, extremely low resistivity streaks perhaps indicate the surface traces of the fault plane along which clay mineral saturated with water has been developed.

Soil properties influencing apparent electrical conductivity: a review

This paper surveys the physical properties of the MWNT dispersion solution dispersed with the three types of solvents and of the polyurethane composite film for improvement of mechanical properties and electrical characteristics of PU/MWNT composite film. For this purpose, the MWNT dispersed solution was mixed with three types of solvent such as IPA, MEK and Toluene and then mixed with polyurethane (100part) with variation of loading content (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 part) of MWNT dispersed solution in the ultrasonic wave dispersion apparatus. And eighteen PU/MWNT composite films were prepared as specimens. The various physical properties of these PU/MWNT films were measured and discussed with the loading content of three types of MWNT dispersed solutions. The highest absorbancy among the three types of dispersed solutions was shown in the IPA/MWNT solution. But the absorbancy of PU/MWNT films was not same as the solution. The low electrical surface and volume resistivity of PU/MWNT film were shown at the condition of 20 and 10 parts loading of IPA/MWNT dispersed solution, respectively. The low triboelectricity of PU/MWNT film was shown at the condition of above 30part loading of IPA/MWNT dispersed solution. The breaking strength and strain of PU/MWNT film prepared with IPA/MWNT dispersed solution were decreased with increasing loading content of IPA/MWNT from 10 to 40 parts. The maximum breaking strength and breaking strain according to the dispersion solution were shown on the IPA/MWNT dispersed solution. The uniform dispersion of PU/MWNT film according to the loading content of MWNT solution was shown by surface image analysis on the films dispersed with IPA.

Linking erosion and sputter performance of a rotatable Mo target to microstructure and properties of the deposited thin films

Aluminum is a light metal with good electrical conductivity and widely applied for electrical devices. One of its application is the circuit breaker component. The 2xxx series of aluminum alloy has a copper alloying element which increases its mechanical properties and improves quality of electrical conductivity. This research aims to obtain the best gating system design of the circuit breaker mold by ANSYS modeling. This research also is subject to measure the influence of Cu alloying to the rate of electrical conductivity, strength, and hardness in aluminum alloys for circuit breaker application by experimental working. Aluminum is alloyed with variations of 1; 2; 3; 4; and 5% copper addition. Modeling of thermal analysis and structural analysis was calculated by ANSYS Mechanical APDL with a finite element method to find the best design for the sand casting experiments. Chemical composition, metallography, brinnel hardness, tensile, XRD, and electrical conductivity tests were conducted in this study. The highest strength is 59.50 MPa was acquired on Al - 3% Cu while the lowest strength is 37.43 MPa was on Al - 1% Cu alloy. The peak of hardness 48.70 HBN could be drawn at Al - 4% Cu. In the other hand, the dip of it was Al 1% Cu of 25.5 HBN. The last variable, conductivity, has the highest amount as of Al-5C, alloys with a value of 12.88 S / M, which is found on Al-1Cu with a value of 9.30 S/m.

Austral Wright Alloy B25 (UNS C17200) is a wrought beryllium copper alloy. It provides the highest strength of any copper alloy, with electrical conductivity considerably greater than that of other high-strength copper alloys. Since it is heat treated after forming, it provides excellent formability and ductility. This alloy features good stress relaxation resistance and high fatigue strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-943. Producer or source: Austral Wright Metals.

Strength of Ta–Si interfaces by molecular dynamics

The improvement of thermoelectric performance is very challenging, because the thermoelectric properties, the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity are generally correlated with each other via a common physical quantity known as carrier concentration. In this study, we successfully achieved separate control of the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline Ag2S using spatial-phase separation into low- and high-temperature phases using a configuration based on bottom heating and top measurement. We experimentally confirmed that the Seebeck coefficient was determined by the low-temperature phase at the top surface but the electrical resistivity was dominated by the high-temperature phase lying below the low-temperature phase. As a result, a high Seebeck coefficient ( ∼−650μVK−1 ) and low electrical resistivity ( ∼2mΩ cm ) were simultaneously observed over a broad temperature range (390 ∼ 440 K). This experimental discovery suggests a new concept for thermoelectric materials and devices.

Electrotribological applications require materials with both high electrical conductivity and wear resisance. For this purpose, a copper- base plasma sprayed coating containing titanium diboride particles was developed. The process for fabricating this CU- TiB2 coating consists of plasma spraying reactive powders that contain a Cu- Ti alloy and boron. The reaction between the copper alloy and boron proceeds in different steps going from solid- state diffusion of titanium and copper to the synthesis of TiB2 in a liquid below 1083 ‡C. Plasma sprayed copper coatings contain finer TiB2 crystals than Cu- TiB2 materials synthesized in a furnace at 1200 ‡C. Coatings with 25 vol% TiB2 have hardnesses that are comparable to Cu- Co- Be and Cu- Ni- Be alloys and to Cu- W and Cu- Mo alloys used in spot welding. Their low electrical resistivity of 52 ΜΩ cm could be increased by lowering the oxygen content with coatings and controlling the formation of TiB2 clusters, the titanium content in solution in copper remaining low after the synthesis reaction.

Influence of the gas composition on the electrical resistivity of diamond thin films synthesized by the tantalum hot-filament method

Although 750 μ mho/cm is the limit for the electrical conductivity (EC) in the “Standard of Taiwan Irrigation Water Quality,”; the EC of irrigation water is usually over limit, resulted from the pollution dumped into the rivers, streams, and creeks. It will be a damage to agricultural crop using polluted irrigation water. The basic principle of dilution can neutralize high EC of polluted water using pure or low EC water. With the increasing quantity of clean water, the polluted water will drop its EC to a certain extent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between dilute water quantity and its EC. As results shown in this study, pure water or water of low EC mixing with water of high EC can be a basic principle for diluting. The practical principle can be used in the farms and the results meet the irrigation water standard. Moreover, the better quality of dilute water is, the less its quantity is; the worse the quality the more the quantity is. Furthermore, the electrolyte effect and the principle of Le Chatelier in aquatic chemistry are resulted in solubility of salt and EC of mixed water solution increase. All the precipitation, coagulation, and flocculation will decrease free ions’ content and EC in mixed water solution.

Material properties of cement paste and mortar, modified with N-doped mesoporous carbon spheres (NMCSs)