Corrigendum: Tumor Microenvironment-Stimuli Responsive Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy

Developing durable and highly active low-Pt electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media is necessary for highly effective polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Intermetallic structure is thermodynamically more stable than random alloy metal compounds. In oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), Pt3Ni1 with (111) facet is to be the most effective electrocatalyst for ORR. Therefore, to develop a highly efficienct electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in effective polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), an ordered PtNi/C intermetallic alloy on a carbon black support has been designed. To enhance ORR performance and reduce Pt usage, a Pt-transition metal alloy catalyst has been developed. Alloying Pt with a second metal on a carbon support material can improve activity due to the change in lattice parameter and the electronic effect. According to the d-band theory, the downshift effect of the d-band induced by the upshift of the fermi level is predicted to improve ORR activity by weakening the binding energy. In case of alloying Pt and Ni, it can be predicted that the difference in electronegativity between Pt and Ni will induce a fermi level shift, resulting in a d-band center shift effect, which can enhance ORR activity. Compared to random alloy structured electrocatalysts, intermetallic structures of ordered PtNi were more thermodynamically stable. Moreover, intermetallic structure stabilizes the alloy, improving the durability of metal components against chemical corrosion in acidic media, such as HClO4 or H2SO4. Therefore, to improve catalyst’s durability, heat treatment was used to align the structure, making it structurally stable and reducing Pt-Pt distance. Heat treatment screening was carried out between 500℃ and 800℃ using a thermal shock method to minimize particle size growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and rotating disc electrode (RDE) were used to investigate the compositional difference and crystallinity of the intermetallic structure, electrochemical ORR activity and durability between disordered PtNi/C (d-PtNi/C) and ordered PtNi/C (o-PtNi/C). The electronic effect of the three Nicore@Ptshell models, namely ordered Nicore@Ptshell (o-PtNi), disordered Nicore@Ptshell (d-PtNi), and pure Pt147 (pure Pt), was estimated through density functional theory (DFT). The d-band theory and Bader charge analysis were used to estimate ORR activity and charge transfer, respectively. Additionally, the durability in acidic media of each model was estimated through dissolution potential calculations (Udiss). This work has supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT in Republic of Korea (MSIT) (NRF-2022R1A2C2093090). This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (20019175) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea). This research was supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE), Korea, under “Digital manufacturing platform" (No. P0022331) supervised by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT).

As environmental pollution worsens, related environmental regulations are becoming stricter. Recently, regulations on internal combustion engine vehicles have been tightening, leading to increased attention towards hydrogen and electric vehicles as alternatives. Especially within a decade, electric vehicles have emerged as prominent eco-friendly vehicles, with lithium-ion batteries garnering significant attention as energy storage devices. Among them, all solid-state batteries, boasting advantages such as high energy density and output, are continuously researched as the ultimate solution, free from issues like explosions. The battery manufacturing process typically comprises the pole plate process, assembly process, and formation process. To enhance battery performance and manufacturing efficiency, process optimization is essential, and simulation can reduce resource and time wastage.Finite Element Method (FEM) is a prominent simulation technique that can simulate various processes to derive optimal designs or processes. Predicting problems that may occur during electrode manufacturing processes and deriving relevant alternatives can save time and costs.Accurate simulation requires high-quality mechanical properties of materials. However, for sulfide-based solid electrolytes, exposure to air leads to material property changes, and their thickness, often below 100μm, makes deriving material properties through measurement nearly impossible.To estimate electrode material properties, Xu derived force-deformation curves (F-D Curve) through measurements for the entire lithium-ion battery (LIB) and calculated the material properties of the anode-separator-cathode assembly as representative properties. Wierzbicki estimated the mechanical properties of cylindrical-shaped lithium-ion cells using homogenization techniques. However, in such cases, it is impossible to obtain data for each component, resulting in weaknesses in optimizing the process for all solid-state batteries.To obtain data for each component, Cheng measured the elastic modulus using nanoindentation after sintering the NMC powder to derive the material properties of NMC, a key cathode material. However, for sulfide-based batteries, such as those using solid electrolytes, approaching through the above methods is impossible due to their reaction with air.In this study, we utilized Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network (CGCNN), a machine learning technique, to derive the material properties of Li6PS5Cl, a representative material among sulfide-based solid electrolytes. Materials are composed of a crystal structure where atoms are arranged in a certain pattern. Due to variables such as the type of atoms, composition ratio, and arrangement, predicting outcomes is challenging without measurements. However, CGCNN inputs structural information of bulk materials to predict basic properties accurately, offering a promising alternative. After modeling the material structure, a certain strain was applied to calculate the bulk modulus and shear modulus. Using this data, CGCNN was trained to predict micro-scale bulk modulus and shear modulus, from which Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, representing key mechanical properties, were derived.Based on this study, utilizing CGCNN, the material properties of Li5PS5Cl were predicted, resulting in Young’s modulus of 28.07 MPa, Shear Modulus of 11.02 MPa, and Poisson’s ratio of 0.27. This study successfully derived the challenging-to-measure material properties of solid-state batteries. This serves as fundamental data for process optimization in the mass production process of solid-state batteries, contributing to enhanced productivity and cost reduction. This research is expected to significantly contribute to the ultimate goal of optimizing the manufacturing process of solid-state batteries and improving productivity, ultimately leading to cost reduction.This work was supported by Technology Innovation Program (project name : Equipment technologies for 50cm2 all solid state battery cell, project Number : 20012349) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea).This research has been conducted with the support of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy(MOTIE), Republic of Korea as “Development of a battery pack case for electric vehicles that deltas thermal runaway”(P0024522) in the small and medium business win-win innovation leap project.This research was funded by the ‘New Faculty Research Support Grant’ at Changwon National University in 2024.

국토교통부와 산업통상부는 2019년 9월 “신개념 항공교통수단으로 활용될 미래형 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV: Personal Air Vehicle)’의 개발 및 교통산업 활성화를 위한 민관 합동 발전전략협의체(이하 ‘협의체’라 한다)를 구축 운영한다.”고 밝힌바 있다. 이 협의체는 항공, 자동차, 배터리, 전기 전자, 교통서비스, 정비 인프라 등 다양한 분야의 산업전문가, 학자 및 연구자가 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’ 산업 발전을 위해 공동의 노력을 기울임과 동시에 향후 핵심기술의 개발 및 국제공동개발 지원, 산업 생태계 조성 및 전문인력 양성, 성능 및 품질 향상지원 및 국제표준, 민군 협력 등 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’의 보급 등 관련 서비스산업 등의 활성화 방안에 대한 검토를 수행하게 된다. 현대자동차는 2020년 1월 7일 개최된 ‘국제전자제품박람회2020(CES 2020: Consumer Electronics Show 2020)’에서 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’의 컨셉트 모델 ‘S-A1’을 공개하면서, 이와 함께 현대자동차가 구상하는 ‘도심항공모빌리티(UAM: Urban Air Mobility)’ 체계를 함께 공개한 바 있다. ‘도심항공모빌리티(UAM)’은 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’를 이용하여 이용자들이 도심지 내에서 지상의 교통정체에서 자유롭게 이동할 수 있도록 하고, ‘모빌리티 환승거점(HUB)’를 기반으로 착륙 이후에는 도심지내 주요 시설로 바로 이동할 수 있는 미래 모빌리티 생태계를 구축하고 2028년 그 상용화를 목표로 하고 있다. 이와 같이 정부(국토교통부, 산업통상자원부)나 기업(현대자동차 등)에서 발표한 전략을 살펴보면 미래의 도심지내 교통수단은 지상에는 ‘자율주행자동차’가 달리고, 공중에는 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’가 날아다니는 모습을 향후 10년 이내에 현실화될 것이 기대된다 할 것이다. 다만, ‘도심항공모빌리티(UAM)’ 체계가 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’를 기반으로 한다는 점에서 항공, 전자, 전기, 통신, 정비 등 관련 기술이나 환승거점(HUB) 등과 같은 시설의 구축이 매우 중요하다 할 것이지만, 최우선시 되어야 하는 것은 이러한 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’가 자유롭게 이동할 수 있는 공간을 어떻게 확보할 것인지에 대한 검토라 할 것이다. ‘자율주행자동차’의 경우에는 기존 도로 위에서 이동하면 될 것이지만 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’는 지상이 아닌 공중을 비행한다는 점에서 기존 도로의 이용이 어렵기 때문이다. 만약 이 에 대한 부분이 우선 해결되지 못한다면 향후 ‘도심항공모빌리티(UAM)’ 체계의 상용화는 어려울 것이다. 이에 본 논문은 ‘도심항공모빌리티(UAM)’ 체계의 구축 및 그 상용화를 위한 핵심장치인 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’의 상용화를 위해 구축되어야 할 시설 및 도심지내 그 이동 공간 에 대한 검토를 통해 ‘개인용 비행체(PAV)’의 도심지내 운영에 관한 법적쟁점을 제시하고 그 개선방안에 관한 법적 검토를 수행하고자 한다.The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Ministry of Industry and Trade said in September 2019 that they are going to establish and to operate ‘a Joint Government-Private Development Strategy Consultative Body’ for developing the future model of ‘Private Air Vehicle’ and for revitalizing the transportation industry, a new concept of air transport. The consultative body will promote joint efforts by industry experts, scholars and researchers in various fields, including aviation, automotive, battery, electric and electronic, transportation services, maintenance and infrastructure, while also promoting review of personal aviation (PAV) services such as development of core technologies and international joint development support for industrial ecosystems, support for improvement of performance and quality, and cooperation among civil forces. Hyundai Motor Co., Ltd. unveiled the concept model ‘S-A1’ of the ‘Private Air Vehicle (PAV)’ at the ‘CES 2020 Consumer Electronics Show 2020’ held on January 7, 2020, along with the unveiling of Hyundai Motor s ‘UAM: Urban Air Mobility’ system. Using ‘Private Air Mobility (UAM)’, ‘Private Airplane Mobility (PAV)’ aims to establish a future mobility ecosystem that allows users to move freely from ground-to-ground traffic jams within urban centers and directly to major facilities in urban areas after landing on the basis of ‘Mobility Transfer Point (HUB)’. If we look at the strategies announced by the government (the Ministry of Land, Transport, Trade, Industry and Energy) and companies (the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy) and Hyundai Motor (Hyundai Motor), we will expect that the future transportation in the city will be a self-driving car on the ground and a personal airplane (PAV) flying in the air within the next 10 years. However, the implementation of related technologies, such as aviation, electronics, electricity, communications, maintenance, and other facilities such as transit points(HUB) will be critical in that the ‘UAM’ system is based on ‘Personal Air Mobility’(PAV), but the top priority should be to review how to ensure that these Private Flights (PAVs) can move freely. In the case of self-driving cars, they can move on existing roads, but the use of existing roads is difficult in that ‘PAVs’ fly in the air, not on the ground. If this is not resolved in advance, the commercialization of the ‘urban air mobility’ system will be difficult in the future. Therefore, this paper focuses on the legal issues concerning the operation of ‘Private Air Vehicle (PAV)’ in city areas through a review of the facilities to be built for the commercialization of ‘Private Air Mobility(UAM)’ system and its moving space in urban areas, and intends to conduct a legal review of the improvement measures.

AllergyVolume 60, Issue 4 p. 539-540 Common variable immunodeficiency with seasonal variation I. S. Choi, I. S. Choi Department of Allergy Chonnam National University Medical School 8 Hakdong Dongku Gwangju 501-757 Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6571 Fax: 82-62-225-8578 E-mail: ischoi@chonnam.chonnam.ac.krSearch for more papers by this authorS.-Y. Lim, S.-Y. Lim Department of Allergy Chonnam National University Medical School 8 Hakdong Dongku Gwangju 501-757 Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6571 Fax: 82-62-225-8578 E-mail: ischoi@chonnam.chonnam.ac.krSearch for more papers by this authorK.-M. Kim, K.-M. Kim Department of Allergy Chonnam National University Medical School 8 Hakdong Dongku Gwangju 501-757 Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6571 Fax: 82-62-225-8578 E-mail: ischoi@chonnam.chonnam.ac.krSearch for more papers by this authorY.-W. Cho, Y.-W. Cho Department of Allergy Chonnam National University Medical School 8 Hakdong Dongku Gwangju 501-757 Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6571 Fax: 82-62-225-8578 E-mail: ischoi@chonnam.chonnam.ac.krSearch for more papers by this author I. S. Choi, I. S. Choi Department of Allergy Chonnam National University Medical School 8 Hakdong Dongku Gwangju 501-757 Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6571 Fax: 82-62-225-8578 E-mail: ischoi@chonnam.chonnam.ac.krSearch for more papers by this authorS.-Y. Lim, S.-Y. Lim Department of Allergy Chonnam National University Medical School 8 Hakdong Dongku Gwangju 501-757 Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6571 Fax: 82-62-225-8578 E-mail: ischoi@chonnam.chonnam.ac.krSearch for more papers by this authorK.-M. Kim, K.-M. Kim Department of Allergy Chonnam National University Medical School 8 Hakdong Dongku Gwangju 501-757 Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6571 Fax: 82-62-225-8578 E-mail: ischoi@chonnam.chonnam.ac.krSearch for more papers by this authorY.-W. Cho, Y.-W. Cho Department of Allergy Chonnam National University Medical School 8 Hakdong Dongku Gwangju 501-757 Korea Tel: 82-62-220-6571 Fax: 82-62-225-8578 E-mail: ischoi@chonnam.chonnam.ac.krSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 February 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00729.x We present a case of common variable immunodeficiency with decreased immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels during allergy season. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume60, Issue4April 2005Pages 539-540 RelatedInformation

Transglutaminase 2 Induces Intrinsic EGFR-TKI Resistance in NSCLC Harboring EGFR Sensitive Mutations

Journal of Separation ScienceVolume 30, Issue 12 p. 1989-1989 ErratumFree Access Multiresidue analysis of four pesticide residues in water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) via pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatographic determination This article corrects the following: Multiresidue analysis of four pesticide residues in water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) via pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatographic determination Hyang-Rang Jeon, Mostafa Abd El-Aty, Soon-Kil Cho, Jeong-Heui Choi, Kil-Yong Kim, Ro-Dong Park, Jae-Han Shim, Volume 30Issue 12Journal of Separation Science pages: 1953-1963 First Published online: June 19, 2007 Hyang-Rang Jeon, Hyang-Rang Jeon Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Fax: +82-62-530-0219 National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Products Safety Inspection Laboratory, Gwangsan-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorAbd El-Aty Mostafa Abd El-Aty, Abd El-Aty Mostafa Abd El-Aty Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Fax: +82-62-530-0219 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Kwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorSoon-Kil Cho, Soon-Kil Cho National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Products Safety Inspection Laboratory, Gwangsan-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJeong-Heui Choi, Jeong-Heui Choi Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Fax: +82-62-530-0219Search for more papers by this authorKil-Yong Kim, Kil-Yong Kim Glucosamine Saccharide Materials Laboratory (NRL), Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorRo-Dong Park, Ro-Dong Park Glucosamine Saccharide Materials Laboratory (NRL), Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJae-Han Shim, Jae-Han Shim jhshim@chonnam.ac.kr Search for more papers by this author Hyang-Rang Jeon, Hyang-Rang Jeon Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Fax: +82-62-530-0219 National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Products Safety Inspection Laboratory, Gwangsan-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorAbd El-Aty Mostafa Abd El-Aty, Abd El-Aty Mostafa Abd El-Aty Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Fax: +82-62-530-0219 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Kwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorSoon-Kil Cho, Soon-Kil Cho National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Products Safety Inspection Laboratory, Gwangsan-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJeong-Heui Choi, Jeong-Heui Choi Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Fax: +82-62-530-0219Search for more papers by this authorKil-Yong Kim, Kil-Yong Kim Glucosamine Saccharide Materials Laboratory (NRL), Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorRo-Dong Park, Ro-Dong Park Glucosamine Saccharide Materials Laboratory (NRL), Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJae-Han Shim, Jae-Han Shim jhshim@chonnam.ac.kr Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 July 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200790047Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume30, Issue12August 2007Pages 1989-1989 RelatedInformation

The spoke type permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which is a general ferrite magnetic flux concentrated motor, has a low portion of reluctance torque at the total torque magnitude. Therefore, as a way to increase the reluctance torque, there is a double-layer spoke type PMSM that can maximize the difference in inductance between the d-axis and the q-axis. However, in the double-layer spoke type PMSM, cogging torque, torque ripple, and total harmonic distortion (THD) increase as reluctance torque is maximized, which is the main cause of vibration and noise. In this paper, a method is proposed that provides the same effect as skew without dividing stages of the permanent magnet by dividing the core of the rotor into two types so that it is easy to manufacture according to the number of stages unlike extant skew methods. Based on the method, the reduction of cogging torque and THD was verified by Finite Element Analysis (FEA).1. IntroductionThe general interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) uses NdFeB magnets to take advantage of the high airgap magnetic flux density. However, it had an adverse impact on cost of the motor because there are fluctuation of the cost from limited sources of heavy rare earth. Therefore, for stable supply of permanent magnets, a lot of development of a spoke type permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which is a structure capable of concentrating magnetic flux by using a ferrite magnet having a low magnetic flux density, has been conducting. The spoke type PMSM concentrates the magnetic flux density and can replace the NdFeB magnet used in the extant PMSM with a ferrite magnet.However, in general spoke type PMSM, the portion of reluctance torque is low because the difference in inductance between the d-axis and the q-axis is not large. In order to further utilize this reluctance torque, a double-layer spoke type shape that can maximize the difference in inductance between the d-axis and the q-axis can be used to bigger reluctance torque to improve motor performance.However, increasing the reluctance torque increases cogging torque, torque ripple, and total harmonic distortion (THD), which in turn leads to vibration and noise problems. Therefore, the double-layer spoke type PMSM needs a design that can reduce cogging torque and THD. As a representative method, it can be solved by applying skew to the rotor, but the conventional method of applying skew is not a good method in terms of productivity because it is difficult to manufacture because it divides the stages of the permanent magnet. For ameliorate of the limitation, the shape of the rotor core is divided and cross-stacked into stack1 and stack2 so that the permanent magnet can be inserted in one shape as the conventional shape.Therefore, the shape of the rotor core is divided into stack1 and stack2 so that the permanent magnet can be inserted in one shape as before and cross-stacked. The stack1 cuts the left part fixing the permanent magnet, and the stack2 cuts the right part fixing the permanent magnet to apply the same effect as skew. In this paper, this is expressed as a core skew, and through this core skew, the design to reduce cogging torque, torque ripple, and THD is conducted while considering productivity.2. Concept of Core SkewThe core skew represents the stacking of only cores of opposite shapes when stacking the rotor cores of the motor. The contents of the basic theory are as follows.Fig. 1 shows stack No. 1 and stack No. 2, respectively. Due to the shape of the rotor core, the phases of the airgap magnetic flux density of stack No.1 and stack No.2 are shifted, and when the two stacks are synthesized due to the phase of the shifted airgap magnetic flux density. As shown in Fig. 2, the cogging torque decreases.Also Fig. 1 shows the shape of applying core skew to the conventional model by intersecting and stacking stack No. 1 and stack No. 2 .Through this core skew structure, research to reduce cogging torque, torque ripple, and THD is conducted. Most of the original skew research is conducted in 3D FEA, but since 3D FEA requires a lot of time, first calculate the optimal model using 2D FEA and then proceed with 3D FEA according to the number of steps considering 3D effect. The final result will be revealed on full paper.AcknowledgmentThis work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (No. 20011495) funded By the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE, Korea), in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean government. (No. 2020R1A2C1013724). **

The Japan–Korea whitelist dispute (2019–2023) embodies key features of interstate disputes related to economic statecraft ideas. Against the backdrop of the legal dispute over Japan’s “essential security interests” claim based on GATT Article 21 (Security Exceptions), this study analyzes South Korea’s response to the whitelist dispute, with a focus on its materials–parts–equipment localization policy. The findings indicate that the policy process and outcomes align with very few of the criteria suggested by the new industrial policy literature. Notably, the policy’s goals and tools were driven by ideology rather than by science, and the implementing agency—The Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy—while competent, was politically captured. In conclusion, this study suggests that policymakers should purposefully and consciously connect security with trade or implement industrial policies within a well-defined strategic framework.

Background There is insufficient validation of diagnostic benefits of extended monitoring with an adhesive single-lead ECG device compared to Holter test for routine medical care of AF patients. Purpose The study aimed to compare AF detection rates between 72-hour monitoring using an adhesive single-lead ECG device (mobiCARE MC-100, Seers Technology, Republic of Korea) and 24-hour Holter test among AF patients at outpatient clinics. Methods A total of 200 AF patients indicated for Holter test at cardiology outpatient clinics enrolled in the study. Study participants equipped both Holter and MC-100 for the first 24 hours (Figure 1). After then, only MC-100 continued ECG monitoring for additional 48 hours. AF detection during the first 24 hours was compared between two devices. The diagnostic benefits of extended monitoring with MC-100 were evaluated. Results During the first 24 hours, both monitoring methods detected AF in the same 40/200 (20.0%) patients (20 patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF each). Compared to 24-hour Holter, MC-100 increased AF detection rate by 1.5-fold (58/200; 29.0%) and 1.6-fold (64/200; 32.0%) with 48- and 72-hour monitoring, respectively (Figure 2A). With MC-100, the number of newly discovered patients with paroxysmal AF was 20/44 (45.5%), 18/44 (40.9%), and 6/44 (13.6%) for 24-, 48-, and 72-hour monitoring. Compared to 24-hour Holter, 72-hour monitoring with MC-100 increased the detection rate of paroxysmal AF by 2.2-fold (44/20). If only the episodes lasting over 30 seconds were counted as AF with MC-100, the detection rate of paroxysmal AF was decreased by 9.1% (Figure 2B). Conclusion Compared to Holter, AF detection rates could be improved with an adhesive single-lead device, especially for patients with paroxysmal AF. This device is expected to be useful for AF detection among patients whose conventional ECG tests were ineffective in documenting AF episodes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korean government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)

The derivation of sectoral and provincial implications from power sector scenarios using an integrated assessment model at Korean provincial level: GCAM-Korea

CAD/CAM-FABRICATED RPD FRAMEWORKS SHOW LOWER FIT ACCURACY COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL CASTING, WITH INDIRECT 3D PRINTING OFFERING COMPARABLE RESULTS

This paper evaluates the scope of the powers of the Minister of Finance upon a request from the Minister of Trade and Industry to amend Schedule 1 to the Customs and Excise Act 91 of 1964 (hereafter, CEA) in respect of imported goods as provided by section 48(1)(b) of the CEA. This assessment entails a case analysis of the High Court decisions in South Africa Sugar Association v the Minister of Trade and Industry 2017 4 All SA 555 (GP) and Pioneer Foods (Pty) Ltd v Minister of Finance 2017 ZAWCHC 110 (29 September 2017). These two cases offer for the first time, clarification on the nature of the power conferred on the Minister of Finance by section 48(1)(b) of the CEA. The High Court in these two cases rejected the argument that the role of the Minister of Finance in respect of the power conferred upon him/her by section 48(1)(b) is that of a "registrar" who merely 'rubberstamps' the decision of the Minister of Trade and Industry. Consequently, the High Court in both matters held that a veto power is conferred on the Minister of Finance which permits him/her to either accept or decline the request of the Minister of Trade and Industry to amend Schedule 1 of the CEA.To the contrary, this paper argues that if the Minister of Finance declines the request of the Minister of Trade and Industry, s/he is not 'giving effect' to the request of the Minister of Trade and Industry as required by section 48(1)(b) of the CEA and is thus acting ultra vires because s/he is assuming powers which never conferred on him/her by the legislature. This paper also argues that the High Court in both matters, misconstrued the relationship between section 48(1)(b) and the "public interest" provisions in section 48 and thus unjustifiably stripped the Minister of Trade and Industry of his/her power to implement an amendment to Schedule 1. In the final analysis, this paper explores the impact of the Customs Duty Act 30 of 2014 on the Minister of Finance's powers in this regard.

On October 28, 2020, Korea announced a 2050 carbon neutral plan, and on December 7 and 15, the “2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy”, “2050 Long-Term Low Carbon Development Strategy (LEDS), and ”2030 National Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target (NDC)“ were finalized, and in May 2021, the ”2050 Carbon Neutrality Commission“ was established directly under the president. In the ”2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy,“ Korea noted that ”Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology (hereinafter referred to as “CCUS technology”) can reduce large-scale carbon dioxide emitted from fossil fuels in developing technologies that can lay the foundation for a carbon-neutral society. At that time, on June 15, 2021, the government proposed a roadmap for technological innovation of carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) as a cooperation between related ministries. As such, carbon dioxide is not just a substance subject to reduction, but the treatment of carbon dioxide, which is inevitable to be emitted, has resulted in creating economic value through CCUS technology. For example, it has secured commercial-scale coal power generation applicable technology due to long-term demonstration of coal power generation collection facilities. In terms of storage, it is the world's third successful injection of underground carbon dioxide. In March, the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, announced in a joint press release, “We accepted the revision of the London Protocol to export carbon dioxide streams through the improvement of the system using overseas marine storage.” In line with these changes, South Korea needs to prepare international transactions and transportation systems. Therefore, this study aims to examine what legislative challenges Korea faces in relation to carbon dioxide imports and exports and how to cope with relations with other countries.

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between high-commitment human resource management (HCHRM) practices and process improvement activities (i.e., manufacturing flexibility) by utilizing the theory of social exchange. We conducted an empirical study to discover the links between social exchange theory and process management from an HRM perspective. For the empirical investigation, we used data from 601 manufacturing enterprises provided by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy in South Korea. The research is conducted based on employees’ capabilities for process management as a mediator in the analysis of the impact of the HCHRM system on manufacturing flexibility (i.e., internally-driven and externally-driven flexibility). The results of the study show that the HCHRM system ultimately explains manufacturing flexibility through enhancement of employees’ capabilities.

This study compares the efficacy and safety of a tubeless, on-body automated insulin delivery (AID) system with that of a tubeless, on-body sensor-augmented pump (SAP). This multicentre, parallel-group, RCT was conducted at 13 tertiary medical centres in South Korea. Adults aged 19-69 years with type 1 diabetes who had HbA1c levels of <85.8 mmol/mol (<10.0%) were eligible. The participants were assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive a tubeless, on-body AID system (intervention group) or a tubeless, on-body SAP (control group) for 12 weeks. Stratified block randomisation was conducted by an independent statistician. Blinding was not possible due to the nature of the intervention. The primary outcome was the percentage of time in range (TIR), blood glucose between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/l, as measured by continuous glucose monitoring. ANCOVAs were conducted with baseline values and study centres as covariates. A total of 104 participants underwent randomisation, with 53 in the intervention group and 51 in the control group. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 40±11 years. The mean (±SD) TIR increased from 62.1±17.1% at baseline to 71.5±10.7% over the 12 week trial period in the intervention group and from 64.7±17.0% to 66.9±15.0% in the control group (difference between the adjusted means: 6.5% [95% CI 3.6%, 9.4%], p<0.001). Time below range, time above range, CV and mean glucose levels were also significantly better in the intervention group compared with the control group. HbA1c decreased from 50.9±9.9 mmol/mol (6.8±0.9%) at baseline to 45.9±7.4 mmol/mol (6.4±0.7%) after 12 weeks in the intervention group and from 48.7±9.1 mmol/mol (6.6±0.8%) to 45.7±7.5 mmol/mol (6.3±0.7%) in the control group (difference between the adjusted means: -0.7 mmol/mol [95% CI -2.0, 0.8 mmol/mol] (-0.1% [95% CI -0.2%, 0.1%]), p=0.366). No diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycaemia events occurred in either group. The use of a tubeless, on-body AID system was safe and associated with superior glycaemic profiles, including TIR, time below range, time above range and CV, than the use of a tubeless, on-body SAP. Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) KCT0008398 FUNDING: The study was funded by a grant from the Korea Medical Device Development Fund supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT; the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy; the Ministry of Health and Welfare; and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (grant number: RS-2020-KD000056).