Data Mining Techniques and Medical Decision Making for Urological Dysfunction

This chapter is interested in discussing how to use data mining techniques to assist in achieving an acceptable level of quality of service of telecommunication systems. The quality of service is defined as the metrics which are predicated by using the data mining techniques, decision tree, association rules and neural networks. Routing algorithms can use this metric for optimal path selection which in turn will affect positively on the system performance. Also, in this chapter management axis using data mining techniques were handled, i.e., check the status of the telecommunication networks, role of data mining in obtaining optimal configuration, how to use data mining technique to assure high level of security for the telecommunication. The popularity of data mining in the telecommunications industry can be viewed as an extension of the use of expert systems in the telecommunications industry. These systems were developed to address the complexity associated with maintaining a huge network infrastructure and the need to maximize network reliability while minimizing labor costs (Liebowitz, J. 1988). The problem with these expert systems is that they are expensive to develop because it is both difficult and time consuming to elicit the requisite domain knowledge from experts.

Cardiovascular disease has increased rapidly in the past few decades. It has become a leading cause of death globally. Heart disease has affected the global heterogeneous population irrespective of age and gender. According to World Health Organization, an estimated 17.3 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2008, representing 30% of all global deaths. The accurate and timely prediction of these diseases has become a challenge for medical organizations. A mere assumption of absence or presence of disease is an approach used by many hospitals to give prediction results. The predictions of the heart disease are dependent mainly on the prominent factors involved and their effect weightage. Finding out the patterns and extracting knowledge from those patterns is the major task at hand. Data mining techniques have proven to be a good means for this knowledge discovery. This study makes use of the prominent features of two data mining techniques, namely, K-Means Clustering and Decision Tree. These methods, one being unsupervised learning and the other supervised learning, use very different approaches to predict the results. The positive factors of both the techniques have been used to build a Hybrid Classifier. The aim is to provide an algorithm which gives the best accuracy and performance for the Heart disease identification system.

Human resource is one of the functions of a company that is considered as an asset. Therefo re, the theory of performance qualificat ion was adopted by the company in order to get an overview of employee performance. Furthermore, the company needs an effective method to predict the performance not only for the employees but also for the new applic ants. The goals of this research are to get a decision tree model of the employee performance. By learning employee data, the performance of the new applicants could be predicted. The study would provide the characteristic of new applicants who will give better performance than other applicants . The data from a company in Indonesia will have been used for this research. The data mining technique will be applied to the data of operators (such as admins, clerks, cashiers, machine operators, and security offi cers). The data mining technique was use d is decision tree. The decision tree technique was commonly used for a supervised learning data. The decision tree technique also has advantages compared others, because of its ability to produce information that is easy to understand. The result of this research shown the high dependency of employee performance with employment type (work contract). It also means that employees are encouraged to provide good performance to the company if those employees have become p ermanent employees. This research also showed that there is no relationship between employee performances with gender or position grade.

The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction model for the characteristics of older adults with depression using the decision tree method. A large dataset from the 2008 Korean Elderly Survey was used and data of 14,970 elderly people were analyzed. Target variable was depression and 53 input variables were general characteristics, family & social relationship, economic status, health status, health behavior, functional status, leisure & social activity, quality of life, and living environment. Data were analyzed by decision tree analysis, a data mining technique using SPSS Window 19.0 and Clementine 12.0 programs. The decision trees were classified into five different rules to define the characteristics of older adults with depression. Classification & Regression Tree (C&RT) showed the best prediction with an accuracy of 80.81% among data mining models. Factors in the rules were life satisfaction, nutritional status, daily activity difficulty due to pain, functional limitation for basic or instrumental daily activities, number of chronic diseases and daily activity difficulty due to disease. The different rules classified by the decision tree model in this study should contribute as baseline data for discovering informative knowledge and developing interventions tailored to these individual characteristics.

Using data mining's decision tree classification, DBSCN cluster analysis, and K-nearest neighbor algorithm realizes the information mining of natural gas pipeline leak, and alse uncovers the objective laws behind the natural gas pipeline transmission, intrinsically linking to the each parameter and development trend. We could reduce the risk of accidents and economic losses, in order to control the natural gas transmission in advance.

The apparel industry houses a huge amount and variety of data. At every step of the supply chain, data is collected and stored by each supply chain actor. This data, when used intelligently, can help with solving a good deal of problems for the industry. In this regard, this article is devoted to the application of data mining on the industry’s product data, i.e., data related to a garment, such as fabric, trim, print, shape, and form. The purpose of this article is to use data mining and symmetry-based learning techniques on product data to create a classification model that consists of two subsystems: (1) for predicting the garment category and (2) for predicting the garment sub-category. Classification techniques, such as Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Bayesian Forest were applied to the ‘Deep Fashion’ open-source database. The data contain three garment categories, 50 garment sub-categories, and 1000 garment attributes. The two subsystems were first trained individually and then integrated using soft classification. It was observed that the performance of the random forest classifier was comparatively better, with an accuracy of 86%, 73%, 82%, and 90%, respectively, for the garment category, and sub-categories of upper body garment, lower body garment, and whole-body garment.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00884-2.

Education can be utilized as a tool to face many problems, overcome many hurdles in life. The knowledge obtained from education helps to enhance opportunities in one's employment development. To extract useful information from the knowledge obtained, Educational Data Mining is widely used. Educational data mining provides the process of applying different data mining tools and techniques to analyze and visualize the data of an institution (school) and can be used to discover a unique pattern of students' academic performance and behavior. The present work intends to enhance students' academic performance in secondary school using data mining techniques. Real data was collected using school reports and questionnaire method by the Portugal school which has been used in this paper. Naive Bayesian algorithm can be easily implemented to predict the students' academic performance and behavior. Classification of students into two classes, pass and fail, involves training phase and testing phase. In training phase, Naive Bayes classifier is built and in the testing phase, Naive Bayes classifier is used to make the prediction. The accuracy of the classifier is calculated using WEKA tool in which confusion matrix is generated. The accuracy of the classifier obtained is 87% which can be further improved by the selection of appropriate attributes. Developing the classification algorithms in this way helps to obtain a more efficient student performance predictor tool using other data mining algorithms and it also helps to improve the quality of education in an educational institution.

Since past few years data mining lot of attention related to knowledge like extracting methods in health care system like diabetes, cancer, CVS etc. There are lot of technique of data mining like decision tree, Naive base, KNN; J48 etc. are being used for prediction of diabetes. Diabetes is metabolic disorder related to poor absorption of insulin into body mussels or poor lowered secretion of insulin from pancreases. As this disease, this is main death causes disease in the world. So, prediction of these diseases with the help of data mining technique may help to protect many lives. In this study, we have to discuss various data mining technique, types of diabetes, application of these data mining technique. Prediction of diabetes or any other disease could play a significant role in health system. Data mining are very useful in the scenario. These techniques help in selection, understanding and designing of large size data to analysis the chances of diseases occurrence. Recently who has announced diseases a major cause of death worldwide. The prediction and identification early stage of diabetes can play major role to treat this disease significantly. Various data mining techniques like KNN, Decision tree, Naïve Bays etc. would be a significant asset for the researcher for gaining various data about diabetes, its causes, symptoms and possible treatment that have been using in the past and currently used by various physician. In this study we have briefly discussed various data mining techniques/models. Which have been currently used for diabetes prediction? Along with this discussion, we have also focused on performance and short coming of existing models/techniques time to time evaluated by researchers.

The trends of data mining on healthcare data for improving medical services have increased because of the electronic healthcare record(EHR) system, which collects a massive amount of data on a daily basis. In the current scenario, hospital maintains its EHR system and stores the detailed information of patients. Data mining for healthcare improvement requires the data from all the EHR systems located at a different location to be stored at the central data mining server. Collection of healthcare data at some untrusted central data mining server raises privacy threats. Healthcare data contains patients’ private information and sharing this information for data mining creates privacy issues. Most of the previous research either focused on k-anonymity technique which causes information loss and decreases data mining accuracy or privacy preserving data mining which is focused on only specific data mining technique. We adopt source anonymous technique as privacy preserving scheme and present a novel scheme for healthcare data collection and mining in this paper. Our scheme collects data from all EHR systems without any information loss and stores at a single central data mining server, also ensuring privacy is preserved. Central data mining server helps to analyze the collected data with different data mining techniques (Association rule mining, Classification, Clustering, etc.) without the involvement of EHR systems. Our scheme is collusion resilient against central data mining server and EHR systems. Theoretical and experimental analysis show the efficiency of our scheme in terms of computation and communication cost. The experimental results using Heart disease dataset show the advantage to EHR systems using the proposed approach in terms of disease prediction accuracy.

Data mining and machine learning techniques can be applied to computer system design to aid in optimizing design decisions, improving system runtime performance. Data mining techniques have been investigated in the context of branch prediction. Specifically, a comparison of traditional branch predictor performance has been made to data mining algorithms. Additionally, the possiblity of whether additional features available within the architectural state might serve to further improve branch prediction has been evaluated. Results show that data mining techniques indicate potential for improved branch prediction, especially when register file contents are included as a feature set.

This study focuses on predicting which firms will increase capital by issuing new stocks in the near future. Many stakeholders, including banks, credit rating agencies and investors, performs a variety of analyses for firms' growth, profitability, stability, activity, productivity, etc., and regularly report the firms' financial analysis indices. In the paper, we develop predictive models for rights issues using these financial analysis indices and data mining techniques. This study approaches to building the predictive models from the perspective of two different analyses. The first is the analysis period. We divide the analysis period into before and after the IMF financial crisis, and examine whether there is the difference between the two periods. The second is the prediction time. In order to predict when firms increase capital by issuing new stocks, the prediction time is categorized as one year, two years and three years later. Therefore Total six prediction models are developed and analyzed. In this paper, we employ the decision tree technique to build the prediction models for rights issues. The decision tree is the most widely used prediction method which builds decision trees to label or categorize cases into a set of known classes. In contrast to neural networks, logistic regression and SVM, decision tree techniques are well suited for high-dimensional applications and have strong explanation capabilities. There are well-known decision tree induction algorithms such as CHAID, CART, QUEST, C5.0, etc. Among them, we use C5.0 algorithm which is the most recently developed algorithm and yields performance better than other algorithms. We obtained data for the rights issue and financial analysis from TS2000 of Korea Listed Companies Association. A record of financial analysis data is consisted of 89 variables which include 9 growth indices, 30 profitability indices, 23 stability indices, 6 activity indices and 8 productivity indices. For the model building and test, we used 10,925 financial analysis data of total 658 listed firms. PASW Modeler 13 was used to build C5.0 decision trees for the six prediction models. Total 84 variables among financial analysis data are selected as the input variables of each model, and the rights issue status (issued or not issued) is defined as the output variable. To develop prediction models using C5.0 node (Node Options: Output type = Rule set, Use boosting = false, Cross-validate = false, Mode = Simple, Favor = Generality), we used 60% of data for model building and 40% of data for model test. The results of experimental analysis show that the prediction accuracies of data after the IMF financial crisis (59.04% to 60.43%) are about 10 percent higher than ones before IMF financial crisis (68.78% to 71.41%). These results indicate that since the IMF financial crisis, the reliability of financial analysis indices has increased and the firm intention of rights issue has been more obvious. The experiment results also show that the stability-related indices have a major impact on conducting rights issue in the case of short-term prediction. On the other hand, the long-term prediction of conducting rights issue is affected by financial analysis indices on profitability, stability, activity and productivity. All the prediction models include the industry code as one of significant variables. This means that companies in different types of industries show their different types of patterns for rights issue. We conclude that it is desirable for stakeholders to take into account stability-related indices and more various financial analysis indices for short-term prediction and long-term prediction, respectively. The current study has several limitations. First, we need to compare the differences in accuracy by using different data mining techniques such as neural networks, logistic regression and SVM. Second, we are required to develop and to evaluate new prediction models including variables which research in the theory of capital structure has mentioned about the relevance to rights issue.

There are various data mining techniques that are frequently used for the mining of vital patterns embedded within bulk data. These techniques include neural network, regression analysis, rough set theory, Bayesian network, decision trees, and so on. In this research, a novel data mining technique, genetically guided cluster based fuzzy decision tree (GCFDT), is introduced for the mining task. In order to test the efficacy of GCFDT, it is employed for building the predictive process models of reactive ion etching (RIE) with the aid of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) signals. This model endeavors to predict the wafer surface conditions for the new incoming set of process parameters. OES is an efficient tool for monitoring plasma emission intensity. In contrast with the C-fuzzy decision tree where granules are devolved through fuzzy clustering here, granulation is practised through genetically guided fuzzy clustering. The growth of the tree is governed by expanding the node having highest diversity. The results obtained by employing CGFDT in RIE process modeling reveal that it dominates both the traditional C-fuzzy decision trees and C4.5 decision trees in terms of both the accuracy and compactness.

Decision tree is an important method for both induction research and data mining, which is mainly used for model classification and prediction. ID3 algorithm is the most widely used algorithm in the decision tree so far. Through illustrating on the basic ideas of decision tree in data mining, in this paper, the shortcoming of ID3's inclining to choose attributes with many values is discussed, and then a new decision tree algorithm combining ID3 and Association Function(AF) is presented. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can overcome ID3's shortcoming effectively and get more reasonable and effective rules

Medical diagnosis is a most important problem in medical data mining. The possible errors of a physician can reduce with the help of data mining techniques. The goal of this chapter is to analyze and compare predictive data mining techniques in the medical diagnosis. To this purpose, various data mining techniques such as decision tree, neural networks, support vector machine, and lazy modelling are considered. Results show data mining techniques can considerably help a physician.