Decoupling capacitors for multi-voltage power distribution systems

Multiple supply voltages are often utilized to decrease power dissipation in high performance integrated circuits. On-chip power distribution grids with multiple supply voltages are discussed in this paper. A power distribution grid with multiple supply voltages and multiple grounds is presented. The proposed power delivery scheme reduces power supply voltage drops as compared to conventional power distribution systems with dual supplies and a single ground by 17% on average (20% maximum). For an example power grid with decoupling capacitors placed between the power supply and ground, the proposed grid with multiple supply and multiple ground exhibits, respectively, 13% and 18% average performance improvement. The proposed power distribution grid can be an alternative to a single supply voltage and single ground power distribution system.

High-speed digital devices require multiple voltage and frequency domains to accommodate the core logic and the input/output (I/O) circuitry for multiple interfaces. In addition, some of these interfaces are programmable to various speeds and signaling modes and they require multiple power supply voltages. These requirements create complex power delivery and signal distribution solutions. This paper proposes a design methodology for fast transient point of load (POL) power distribution architectures for microprocessors and fast switching logic. This paper presents an efficient power distribution system (PDS) design methodology that models the load, its point of load power converter, and the transporting system so that the entire system can be efficiently implemented in circuit simulation as a complete integrated setup for design optimization. Models for the voltage regulator module (VRM) and its transient response and stability, the active load with multiple power supply domains, and the power planes are discussed in detail. System voltage noise margin budgeting is also emphasized.

Several Ideas on Fire Detecting Alarm for Power Supply and Distribution System

With the continuous development of comprehensive and multi-functional power distribution system, the reliability of power distribution system has higher and higher requirements. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the real-time monitoring of power supply and distribution system. We choose PLC controller as the control core, and build the building automation power supply and distribution platform by matching with frequency converter, sensor and other equipment. We mainly take the district distribution room as the basic research object, design and optimize the monitoring system with automatic detection function. In this paper, S7-300 PLC is used as the core controller. Through the control program design and WinCC monitoring interface, the field monitoring is realized, and the realization of graphics monitoring system is discussed.

The impedance characteristics of a power distribution system are analyzed in the previous chapter based on a one-dimensional circuit model. While useful for understanding the principles of the overall operation of a power distribution system, a one-dimensional model is not useful in describing the distribution of power and ground across a circuit die. The size of an integrated circuit is usually considerably greater than the wavelength of the signals in the power distribution network. Furthermore, the power consumption of on-chip circuitry (and, consequently, the current drawn from the power distribution network) varies across the die area. The voltage across the on-chip power and ground distribution networks is therefore non-uniform. It is therefore necessary to consider the two-dimensional structure of the on-chip power distribution network to ensure that target performance characteristics of a power distribution system are satisfied. The on-chip power distribution network should also be considered in the context of a die-package system as the properties of the die-package interface significantly affect the constraints imposed on the electrical characteristics of the on-chip power distribution network.

In coupled power distribution and transportation (CPT) system, a joint scheduling framework for mobile energy storage systems (MESSs) and Volt/VAR control (VVC) ensures reliable power distribution grid operations while supporting electric vehicle loads at electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). However, conventional model-based optimization methods for MESS scheduling and VVC may yield suboptimal solutions and greater computation times because of MESS operation and VVC in uncertain environment of CPT systems. To resolve this issue, this study proposes a model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework. In this framework, smart inverters of MESSs and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems cooperate to minimize the real power loss and mitigate the violations of both MESSs’ state of charge (SOC) and voltage in the power distribution network, while MESSs travel via the transportation network to satisfy EV loads at EVCSs. A MESS routing algorithm based on Dijkstra’s algorithm is developed to determine the optimal destinations of the MESSs. In addition, two safety modules are developed to ensure that neither SOC nor voltage violations occur by adjusting real and/or reactive power of MESSs and PV systems during the training process. The developed MESS routing algorithm and safety modules are integrated into the proposed DRL framework, wherein the DRL agent performs the desired MESS scheduling and VVC through safe exploration during the training procedure. The proposed approach is tested in coupled IEEE 33-bus power distribution and 15-node transportation systems and coupled IEEE 57-bus power distribution and 42-node transportation systems. Numerical examples demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach in terms of training convergence, real power loss, and SOC/voltage violation.

Purpose The use of power sectionalizers in electric power distribution networks as disconnecting devices for optimum network configuration is indispensable. Major reasons to use sectionalizers, here manual sectionalizers, is their lower installation and operating prices compared to other types of disconnecting devices and that most of conventional realistic electric power distribution systems are still using manual sectionalizers due to their ease of procurement. However, in case of failure for these switches, power supply interruptions are unavoidable unless optimum solutions are used for configuration (and possibly reconfiguration) of sectionalizers. Thus, in this research, binary exchange market algorithm (BEMA) as a novel evolutionary metaheuristic is used to meet the maximized customer satisfaction by optimized configuration of sectionalizers within electric power distribution networks in the presence of distributed generations (DGs). To solve the problem, BEMA is used on sectionalizing switch placement problem, which has only two open and close (0/1) states. A novel multi-objective optimization problem has been formulated as a function of two aspects, namely, improved reliability index (for customer benefit) and minimized sectionalizing switch costs (for utility benefits). Simulations are carried out in three different case studies to validate the effectiveness of the BEMA both in theory and practice: Standard IEEE 33-bus test system, practical feeder-8 of MeshkinShahr Town’s electric power distribution network in northwest of Iran; and Roy Billinton test system Bus 4 (RBTS-Bus 4). The obtained results are compared with those of the previously validated ant colony optimization (ACO) technique in RBTS-Bus 4. Design/methodology/approach The optimum configuration of sectionalizers in the presence of DGs has been formulated as a multi-objective function consisting of two conflicting objectives. First objective is to improve the power distribution network reliability indices. Second objective is to fulfill the first objective with a minimized sectionalizing switch cost. The latter is probably obtained by reducing the number of installed sectionalizers. The obtained results by BEMA have been compared with those of ACO technique. Findings In this paper, optimal configuration of sectionalizers has been performed based on a multiobjective function by binary exchange market algorithm. By simulations carried out on two standards and one practical test systems, the proposed algorithm effectiveness was confirmed and the obtained results were compared to ACO algorithm. Changing weighting factors shows that better satisfaction can be obtained when difference between the weighting factors is relatively greater. In other words, the reliability membership function is more than switch cost membership, and thus, if the values of two weighting factors are close enough, the satisfaction level reduces. The number of installed sectionalizing switches by BEMA and ACO techniques in different scenarios were performed. Originality/value Proposal of a novel multi-objective function for finding optimal location of sectionalizers in the presence of DGs with binary exchange market algorithm whose merit over the other heuristics is to consider all the problem specifications only in one multi-objective function. Despite previously reported works that have used various high-priced protective devices for achieving the enhanced reliability this research only utilizes inexpensive manual sectionalizers with the least possible cost in the presence of DGs. Two standard test cases IEEE 33-bus test system and RBTS-Bus 4 and one realistic test case feeder-8 of MeshkinShahr Town power distribution network in northwest of Iran are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in theory and real-world applications. Thus, utilities may take the advantage of the proposed method for configuration of sectionalizers in their own local power distribution systems throughout the country.

With the progress of high-density integration technology of the circuits, a variety of signal and power integrity problems have become serious and important for the electronic design. This paper describes the fast circuit simulation by GPGPU-LIM (GPGPU-based Latency Insertion Method). First, LIM is reviewed, which is a fast algorithm. Next, implementation of LIM on the general purpose computing on graphic processing unit (GPGPU) is shown. Furthermore, this method is applied to the simulation of power distribution networks (PDNs). Finally, it is confirmed that GPGPU-based LIM is very practical and efficient for the large-scale PDN simulations.

This paper presents the design of multiple output power supply from AC power supply that is used as an input to this power supply system. As an Embedded system works on different voltage levels because the sub modules used in any embedded system required different voltage levels as per their specifications, so power supply proposed in this paper produces +15V, -15V, +5V, -5V, +3.3V, +5V Isolated voltage levels. The input for this power supply is 220 Volt AC supply. This AC supply is converted into DC supply of 48 volts but this range can be 36-72 volts. This power supply is capable of providing approximate 41W output power with 85% efficiency. The power supply design topology selected for this paper is flyback converter because flyback converter is an efficient method for generating multiple output voltage levels. This power supply is designed by utilizing low cost, highly efficient discrete components. This supply designed here can be used for almost all applications due to its versatile range of constant output voltage levels.

The power supply efficiency in industrial parks directly impacts production stability and energy costs for enterprises. Traditional decentralized distribution often leads to redundant equipment configuration, increased transmission losses, and complex multi-site dispatch challenges, undermining overall operational efficiency. When facilities with differing characteristics coexist within the same park, pronounced load fluctuation variations emerge, heightening demands for power supply reliability and increasing energy management complexity. This necessitates establishing a unified power supply and distribution optimization plan. Therefore, this paper explores the design of a joint power supply and distribution system for multi-site facilities, aiming to enhance the economic viability and practicality of industrial cluster power supply and distribution systems.

The epileptic nature of the Nigerian power supply has adverse consequences on the economy of the nation. The insufficiency of the power supply has heightened the call for the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) into the nation's power supply mix. The development of micro-grid (MG) technology has proven to be reliable and secured in the integration of RESs into the power distribution system over the years. The renewable energy potential of Nigeria is great but the country's power supply is epileptic. About 40% of the country's population especially in rural areas still do not have access to stable power supply. The epileptic power condition is a result of the inefficiency and inadequacy in power generation, transmission and distribution. This work brings to light the benefits of MG integration into the Nigerian power system network. MG is an immediate solution to the recent Nigerian power supply challenges due to benefits such as efficiency, security, reliability, economics and safety. This work provides current overview of the Nigerian power supply system and discusses how MG and the associated technologies can help in addressing the current national power supply challenges.

Power management in advanced power distribution systems integrated with Photovoltaic (PV) sources, batteries, and Super Capacitors (SCs) plays a vital role in ensuring stable and efficient energy flow. However, these systems often face drawbacks such as increased energy consumption due to inefficient control strategies, higher emissions from backup conventional sources during low PV output, and elevated operational costs from frequent battery cycling and system maintenance, despite efforts to improve efficiency and enhance renewable energy utilization. To overcome these drawbacks, this manuscript proposes an approach for optimal power management in a power distribution system with RES. The suggested method is the combination of both the Greater Cane Rat Algorithm (GrCRA) and Pre-Activated Convolution Residual and Triple Attention Mechanism Network (PCRTAM-Net), termed as the GrCRA-PCRTAM-Net approach. The primary aim of the suggested method is to reduce energy consumption, emissions, and operational cost while maximizing efficiency and renewable energy utilization in an advanced power distribution system. GrCRA optimizes the allocation and scheduling of power resources in advanced power distribution systems. PCRTAM-Net predicts future power demand and renewable energy generation patterns to support optimal power management. Flow Direction Algorithm-Convolutional Neural Network (FDA-CNN), Hippopotamus Optimization Algorithm (HOA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Spider Wasp Optimizer, and Multi-scale Hypergraph-based Feature Alignment Network (SWO-MHFAN), Golden Jackal Optimization-Progressive Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (GJO-PCGAN) are some of the existing techniques that are compared with the suggested method once it is implemented in MATLAB. An 18.7% overall energy reduction compared to the current methods has been achieved by GrCRA-PCRTAM-Net, which also attained an operational cost of 1505 cents, an emission level of 60.3 ppm, an efficiency of 99.1%, and a reduction in overall energy consumption. This further validates that the hybrid method effectively performed power flow optimization and stability enhancement in power distribution networks with renewable integration.

Big data technology is currently a real research hotspot in every field. Based on the big data technology, this paper discussed its application in distribution network operation and control. Firstly, the significance was illuminated that big data technology would bring into the development of power distribution system and this paper also has made a brief conclusion on the current application situation of big data technology in power distribution system, and analyze problems and optimization methods in the current distribution network operation and control. Then, based on big data technology, advanced operation management, maintenance arrangement, network planning and asset management in power distribution network was analyzed, and the distribution network aided decision-making platform was researched. Finally, the application of distribution network aided decision-making platform was explained in situation analysis and loads forecasting, and some suggestions were made to stimulate the development of big data and other big data-based applications in power distribution system have also been conjectured.

This study proposes a distributed load restoration method to effectively model and solve the load restoration problem of integrated power distribution and natural gas systems (IDGSs) after faults for resilient operation. The IDGS load restoration problem is devised as a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model to minimize the total load loss cost of IDGS. This model considers distribution network reconfiguration and the coupling effect between the power distribution system (PDS) and natural gas system (NGS). Moreover, a bidirectional gas flow model is used to offer more flexibility for load restoration when the NGS is faulty. By considering the independent management and information privacy of each energy subsystem, the proposed model is solved using an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm in a distributed manner. Furthermore, an adaptive-ADMM algorithm is used for convergence acceleration. Finally, numerical studies are conducted to validate the proposed methods effectiveness.

A new method is proposed to identify the location of transient events, including incipient faults, in power distribution systems, by using synchronized measurements from an emerging class of sensors, called waveform measurement units (WMUs). WMUs capture the voltage and current waveforms in time domain. The proposed method consists of three steps. The first step is to characterize the oscillatory modes of the transient components of all the captured synchronized voltage and current waveforms from all WMUs, by conducting a multi-signal modal analysis. The second step is to construct a circuit model for the underlying distribution feeder at the identified dominant mode(s) of the transient event. The final step is to identify the location of the transient event with the means of a method that involves certain forward and backward analyses of the constructed circuit model. The proposed method requires installing as few as only two WMUs. It can also utilize several synchronized waveform measurements when several WMUs are available. The performance of the proposed method is assessed on the IEEE 33-bus test system; for different cases of transient events, such as sub-cycle incipient faults, multi-cycle incipient faults, permanent faults, as well as benign yet informative events such as capacitor bank switching. Both the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed method are verified. The analysis and results in this paper provide new insights on possible applications of synchronized WMU measurements; while they also address a highly challenging problem in power distribution networks.