Deep Learning Based Event Correlation Analysis in Information Systems

Objective: the purpose of the entire work is to help system analysts involved in assessing the quality of information sys tems (IS) operation during their creation, operation, modernization, development, to form the appearance of a comprehensive probabilistic prediction methodology applicable in the interests of ensuring quality and safety, justifying acceptable risks, identifying significant threats and supporting the adoption of scientifically rational system decisions to proactively counter threats in IS life cycle. The purpose of the 3rd part of the work is to complete the detailing of the general methodological provisions on the probabilistic prediction of the quality of IS operation quality (taking into account the enlarged description of the approach in the 1st part of the article [1] and the presentation of the basics of detailing modeling using «black boxes» in the 2nd part of the article [2]) by proposing: • the formalization of complex modeled systems consisting of parallel-sequential structures formed from «black boxes» and combined using logical connections «AND», «OR»; • the methods of system analysis of the IS operation quality; • the main components of the appearance of a comprehensive methodology for the probabilistic predicting IS operation quality, used by system analysts in the interests of ensuring quality and safety, justifying acceptable risks, identifying significant threats and supporting the adoption of scientifically based system decisions to proactively counter threats in the life cycle of specific IS. Research methods include: methods of probability theory, methods of system analysis. The modeled system is formally represented by «black boxes» and complex systems in the form of parallel-sequential structures formed from «black boxes» combined using logical connections «AND», «OR». The obtained results of mathematical modeling are used in the interpretation of the original IS, in the interests of which the corresponding calculations are carried out. The result of the work as a whole is: based on the research results presented in [1, 2], methodological provisions have been created that form the main components of the appearance of a complex methodology for probabilistic prediction of IS operation quality in accordance with GOST R 59341-2021 «System engineering. Protection of information in system information management process». The use of the proposed methodological provisions is intended to help system analysts form the appearance of a versatile complex methodology of probabilistic prediction, applicable in the interests of ensuring quality and safety, justifying acceptable risks, identifying significant threats and supporting the adoption of scientifically sound system decisions to proactively counter threats in the life cycle of specific IS. Scientific novelty of the work: with the widespread introduction of modern information technology tools and systems, the problems associated with a comprehensive study of the IS operation quality remain acutely relevant. Despite the fact that many system engineering standards have appeared that recommend the use of probabilistic system analysis for various types of systems, in practice, the formation of a set of techniques applicable to predicting quality measures, justifying acceptable risks, identifying significant threats and supporting the adoption of scientifically sound system decisions in IS life cycle causes practical difficulties for system analysts. These difficulties and the use of subjective assessments are related not only to the versatility of the very concept of IS operation quality, but also to the complexity of mathematical formalization, taking into account the specifics of each system. As a result, many important aspects are beyond the analyst's field of consideration, specific quality measures turn out to be incommensurable on a single quantitative scale, and the inverse analytical tasks of proactive threat management in IS life cycle and constituent elements are not solved. I.e., in practice, there is a contradiction between the needs for system analysis of IS and the possibilities for solving urgent problems of system analysis. To overcome this contradiction, the proposed methodological provisions formulate the general purpose of IS operation in various areas applications – to ensure the reliability and timeliness of providing the necessary information, completeness, validity and safety of the information used for subsequent intended use. The main proposed components of the complex methodology of probabilistic prediction of IS operation quality have determined the scientific novelty of this work, focused precisely on achieving this general formulated goal of IS operation.

The system analysis is the necessary activity in designing information systems (IS), especially in creating complex IS which have to satisfy a wide pallet of users’ demands. Installing the IS without expert’s planning and leading can lead to the huge users’ dissatisfaction, and maybe non - usage of system which often the consequent system do not work. This is especially emphasized when we talk about web based IS which demand a strong defined access rules as well as accurate data update procedures. In this paper is made a system analysis and design of IS for local economic development (LED). The problem of LED itself is very important because of the decentralization process that happens in R.of Macedonia in recent year as well as the global crises and the necessity of employment increasing. As an important factor we mention a need of increasing the usage of IS, especially when is concern of the issues that help for the young people’s position. Analysis of the need of IS for LED’s support is made on the couple of present local governments’ (LG) web sites in R.of Macedonia as well as the interviews and a questionnaire of the LER’s responsible in the LG and potential users of this kind of information. The results of this survey are decanting in analysis of the information needs as well as the LED’s support System’s proposition. We are using the structural analysis and logical design of IS as the working’ methodology. For this purpose, a series of systematic undertaken processes were used. These processes, we think, that will enhance the information and usage of computer’s IS in function of business climate and business community’s better information. The proposed model for LED’s support IS which have to cover the users’ demands will be made with creating a redundant databases, loaded whit trigger procedures and intelligent agents.

This thesis presents a new modelling method for information systems analysis and design, where the concept of service and the principles of service orientation are used for integrated modelling and reasoning about information systems architectures across organisational and technical systems boundaries. The concept of service enables cohesion of the intersubjective and objective modelling traditions by using a single type of diagram that facilitates detection of semantic inconsistency, incompleteness, ambiguity and discontinuity between the static and dynamic aspects of information systems specifications. The thesis is focused on three research topics, which are fundamental to the development of a new service-oriented modelling method. The first research topic concerns a pragmatic-driven specification of information systems. It clarifies answers to the research question: How can a conceptual modelling process be driven by pragmatic considerations? The second research topic provides a service-oriented modelling foundation for information systems analysis and design. It answers the research questions: How can the concept of service be used explicitly for the analysis and design of information systems and how can the static and dynamic aspects of information systems specifications be integrated at the conceptual level? The third research topic presents transition principles to implementation-specific design and answers the research question: How can service-oriented conceptual representations be aligned with implementation-specific design? The thesis contributes with a new knowledge to the area of conceptual modelling of information systems. The service-oriented modelling method consists of the modelling process, modelling language and techniques for the analysis and design of information systems on three levels of abstraction: pragmatic, semantic and syntactic. These three levels are necessary for a holistic understanding of enterprise architecture by stakeholders. The advantage of the service-oriented modelling method is that it can help to control traceability from information system design to original requirements. The method facilitates the semantic integration of the structural, behavioural and interactive aspects of information systems conceptual representations by using a single diagram type. The modelling language provides service-oriented constructs that are fundamental to building the major systems analysis patterns. The service-oriented modelling process contributes with seven steps of incremental design, which justifies various information systems components. The method provides the basis for a gradual and systematic way of modelling and an understanding of how pragmatic, semantic and logical information system requirements are linked together. The possibility to detect and eliminate undesirable characteristics of service-oriented diagrams can help to improve communication among stakeholders. Service-oriented specifications are computation-neutral and therefore they are more comprehensible for business analysis experts in comparison to implementation specific graphical representations of information systems. Finally, this thesis presents the challenges for future research, one of which is the development of the automated tools for the alignment of business models with implementation-specific information systems specifications.

Для исследователей в современных условиях развития и тотального применения информационно-коммуникационных технологий встаёт актуальная проблема выбора эффективных средств для использования в целях исследования. Проблема обусловлена не столько огромных количеством существующего программного обеспечения, сколько отсутствием классификаций программного обеспечения (ПО) и информационных систем (ИС), обусловленными классами научно-исследовательских задач. В рамках реализуемого авторами проекта разработки подхода к исследованиям развития тематик и понятийно-терминологического аппарата междисциплинарных научных направлений рассматривались и применялись методы поиска, извлечения, уточнения, экспликации, анализа и представления контекстного знания с применением соответствующих ПО и ИС. Специфика проводимого исследования ограничивает используемые ПО и ИС задачами обработки контекстного научного знания. Были проанализированы основные типы ПО и ИС, применяемых для этих целей, выявлены основные их функциональные характеристики. В соответствии с разработанной в ходе исследования типологией контекстов и выявленными группами характеристик предлагается подход к разработке каталога ПО и ИС анализа контекстного знания с функциями выделения, классификации и экспликации научного контента. Для представления информации о ПО и ИС в каталоге предложена модель метаданных Dublin Core , что позволяет не только структурировано описать основные характеристики ПО и ИС, но и представить каталог в машиночитаемой форме, что позволяет решать задачи пополнения каталога, эффективного поиска необходимого ПО и ИС в соответствии с исследовательскими задачами, а также интеграции его в научное информационное пространство на принципах открытой науки. Также предлагается паллиативное решение для отработки корректности представления метаданных по спецификации Dublin Core и обмена метаданными по протоколу OAI - PMH .

This research examines the definitions and interpretations of mindfulness in information systems (IS) literature and in Buddhism. It extends a previous qualitative case study (Wang, 2015) and further examines the students’ learning outcome in mindfulness and their interpretations of mindfulness in information systems development and end user experience. Students in a Systems Analysis and Design undergraduate course were asked to design websites for a contemplative community of practice. More than half of the IS students can interpret mindfulness using both the concepts in the existing IS literature and in Buddhism, even without the explicit exposure to the literature. For those students who have not related to both, they applied the IS literature to interpret mindfulness in systems development and applied Buddhism to interpret mindfulness in end user experience. Overall, the majority of the IS students who were exposed to mindfulness have recognized its importance in IS design and in end user experience and learned to express themselves with the terminologies of mindfulness, awareness, and contemplation.

A Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) should be tailored to an institution's specific needs and characteristics in order to maintain information service continuity amid potential vulnerabilities in the information system. A qualitative approach was used to collect data through observations, semi-structured interviews with the library director and IT staff, and internal documentation studies. The Daniel S. Lev Law Library uses various systems for daily operations and is highly dependent on five main information systems: Digilev, the Institutional Repository, Catalog Danlev, the Court Decisions System, and the Internal Archiving System. The analysis of critical information systems and potential risks was based on the NIST SP 800-34 Rev. 1 framework and the FIPS 199 guidelines. The results showed that Digilev and the Institutional Repository had the highest impact levels because they are directly related to academic research and accreditation requirements. Additionally, we conducted Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO) identification to establish priorities for effective information system recovery strategies based on disruption scenarios such as server downtime, cyber threats, and natural disasters. These strategies include providing backups and backup servers, enhancing system security, training staff, and creating emergency plans for physical disasters. These results are all documented in a structured disaster recovery plan that serves as a technical guide and institutional regulation for anticipating and addressing issues that could disrupt the information system. It is hoped that this plan will enhance security and ensure the continuity of digital library services at the Daniel S. Lev Law Library.

The textbook is intended for studying of discipline "Information technologies in professional activity". Discusses key issues of forming of information society, basic notions and definitions of Informatization of various types and levels of professional activity, the analysis of information systems and technologies to solve economic and management problems. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. It is recommended that students enrolled in the bachelor in the direction of training "Management", as well as postgraduate and graduate students to update knowledge and skills in the application of information systems and technologies in the context of big data Analytics and managerial decision-making.

The use of information systems requires special management and management, so this system is commonly referred to as a management information system. In it there are various activities ranging from system planning, maintenance, to measuring performance. In running a library information system, software and hardware are needed as well as humans as operators. The above components must be activities that are interconnected so that the library can run smoothly. To determine whether the components of the information system are running well, it requires an evaluation process. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of satisfaction of system users and to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the system in the use of library information systems. The method used is the analytical method PIECES Framework, which consists of several points of analysis, namely: Performance, Information and Data, Economics, Control and Security, Efficiency, and Service. Where each analysis point is a reference for evaluation and analysis of information systems. The results of this study are web applications that are able to analyze the level of user satisfaction with the library information system using the PIECES Framework analysis method and equipped with a satisfaction level reporting chart of the system measured in the 2018 period.

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The subject of the study is the methods of intellectual analysis, namely the construction of a decision tree, associative analysis, the identification of patterns between related events based on data presented by a relational model. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of information units and data structures, using the example of relational systems that affect the technology of knowledge extraction. Tasks: the article solves the following tasks: to consider the relational data model as the most popular and effective data structure used in intelligent information systems for data processing and storage; to analyze the operations of relational algebra, the operational component of the relational data model regarding the application of aggregate functions; to develop a general formal statement of the problem of knowledge extraction from a relational database; to consider the concept of functional associative rules; the ID3 decision tree generation algorithm focused on data processing in relational systems is analyzed. The following methods are implemented: modern view and trends in the field of data mining; features of building information systems based on relational databases, relational algebra, theory of normalization of relations; analysis of literature on the topic of research; comparative analysis. Results achieved: the relational data model is considered as the most effective data structure used in intelligent information systems for data processing and storage. A group of aggregate functions of relational databases is identified and analyzed with respect to key attributes of the relation, which makes it possible to build logical dependencies between information units of the subject area being analyzed. The task of extracting knowledge from the database is formally formulated. The concept of functional associative rules is introduced. The ID3 decision tree generation algorithm focused on data processing in relational systems is carefully analyzed. The semantic network (SN), built on the basis of the proposed approach, allows to increase the efficiency of decision support systems. Conclusions: the universal approach proposed in the article to build a relational data model of an information system for searching for associative patterns in data allows to solve a whole class of typical tasks in which objects are connected by a "many-to-many" relationship or M →N. The relational database model is proposed as a universal information structure for solving associative analysis tasks and presenting knowledge in the form of a semantic network. The examples given in the article confirm the effectiveness of the developed and considered approaches to solving the problem of data mining in the environment of relational systems. Solving the problem of identifying knowledge in data will allow to improve the quality of management decisions made.

Analyzing conflicts between multiple objects within fuzzy information systems (ISs) and providing effective conflict resolution are challenging tasks due to the complexity and uncertainty of the real world. This article proposes a three-way conflict analysis and resolution model for intuitionistic fuzzy ISs (IFISs) based on three-way concept analysis (3WCA). First, the straight and vertical distances between intuitionistic fuzzy values (IFVs) are defined to obtain an intuitionistic fuzzy probability-credibility distribution. Second, intuitionistic fuzzy optimistic and pessimistic formal contexts are proposed based on two novel binary relations of intuitionistic fuzzy information. Afterward, two intuitionistic fuzzy concept lattices are obtained to analyze the marginal conflict degrees among multiple objects via consistency, inconsistency, and uncertainty attribute sets. By introducing three pairs of thresholds, the trisections of object pairs, objects, and attributes are derived through the three-way decision (3WD) process. Specifically, the maximal alliance unit, minimal conflict unit, and feasible strategy set are identified according to the three-way conflict analysis results. Subsequently, the consistency measure extracted from the intuitionistic fuzzy distance matrix is utilized to rank all feasible strategies. Finally, the experimental results are conducted to verify the effectiveness, superiority, and feasibility of the proposed model.

This paper presents a set of tools for analysis, design and implementation of information systems. The tools presented have all been proven practically during several major international information systems development projects. The tools include a set of meta languages or documentation conventions which have been designed for maximal ease of use and understanding. The documentation notations are related to a common reference frame and to the usage of a systems encyclopaedia. The main emphasis of the paper is an attempt to illustrate the application of finite machine theory to the description of entity lifecycles in an information system environment. A method is provided for extending the finite state machine model from the systems analysis stage through systems design to the final implementation of an event driven information system. The main objective of the paper is to prove the applicability of computer science to the early stages of information systems development projects, where the advantages and the impact of such tools matters most. It is hoped that this will aid the process of eliminating the ‘L'art pour I'art’ which is too often attached to computer science.

The quality of a company's information system is essential and also its physical data model. In this article, the authors apply data mining techniques in order to generate knowledge from the information system's data model, and also to discover and understand hidden patterns within data that regulate the planning of flight hours of pilots and copilots in an airline. With this objective, they use Weka free software which offers a set of algorithms and visualization tools geared to data analysis and predictive modeling of information systems. Firstly, they apply clustering to study the information system and analyze data model; secondly, they apply association rules to discover connection patterns in data; and finally, they generate a decision tree to classify and extract more specific patterns. The authors suggest conclusions according these information system's data to improve future decision making in an airline's flight hours assignments.

Throughout its history, the information systems (IS) discipline has studied a wide range of phenomena. Many IS researchers support the notion that our interest in the IT artifact - defined as "bundles of material and cultural properties packaged in some socially recognizable form such as hardware and/or software" (Orlikowski & Iacono, 2001, p. 122) - unites the IS discipline. In "Desperately Seeking the 'IT' in IT Research-A Call to Theorizing the IT Artifact," Orlikowski and Iacono (2001) argued that the IS field is "premised on the centrality of information technology in everyday socio-economic life...[yet] the field has not deeply engaged with its core subject matter-the information technology (IT) artifact" (p. 121). In their review of articles that had been published to date in Information Systems Research, nearly 25 percent did not discuss technology and most had simplistic views of technology: The outcome is that much IS research draws on commonplace and received notions of technology, resulting in conceptualizations of IT artifacts as relatively stable, discrete, independent, and fixed. As a consequence, IT artifacts in IS research tend to be taken for granted or assumed to be unproblematic. (Orlikowski & Iacono, 2001, pp. 121-122) Orlikowski and Iacono's (2001) article drew attention to our need to focus on the core of who we are as a discipline. It also created an important turning point. As an unintended consequence of the article, the IS discipline began abandoning its consideration and discussion of information. As a result, IS researchers focused more heavily on technology and the IT artifact, and information became implicit in our research. In this editorial, we expand upon Orlikowski and Iacono (2001) and draw the IS discipline's attention to its abandonment of that other central component in information systems research - information.

A contingent cost analysis of alternative manufacturing information systems