Defaultable Options under Imprecise Information

This study evaluates a time changed Levy model for European call options under a fuzzy environment. The proposed model is characterized by high frequency jumps, stochastic volatility, and stochastic volatility with the jumps, existing in the returns process of financial assets. Moreover, to consider imperfect and unpredictable accounting information, this study uses fuzzy logic to account for the impreciseness of the accounting information, which can not be described in extant models, and provides reasonable reference instruments for future research on option pricing under a jump diffusion model with imprecise market information. Our empirical results also show that the fuzzy time changed Levy model has better fitting performance when compared with the time changed Levy and the Black and Scholes model when using S&P 500 index option data.

Due to mobility in wireless networks, the state information of all outgoing links (link delays, available resources and costs) of nodes is imprecise. Fuzzy logic has proven to be a powerful tool when dealing with imprecise information. The implemented distributed protocol incorporates fuzzy inference systems to guide the process of finding routes with sufficient resources to satisfy a certain delay and other requirements with least end-to-end cost in a dynamic network. Multi-path parallel search is used to increase the probability of finding a feasible path. When there are such multiple paths, the one with least cost is selected. Results show how this protocol can tolerate a high degree of information imprecision. Success ratios for delay resource constrained routing reach values over 92%.

The career choice of a bachelor in accounting is really varied. They can become public accountant, company accountant or managerial accountant. Moreover, they can also choose to be governmental or educational accountant. There are a lot of factors to consider in choosing a career such as financial reward, professional training, professional acknowledgement, social values, working environment, job market and personality considerations. This is a descriptive research aimed to find out the most favorable career in accounting favored by Universitas Bunda Mulia accounting major students and to acquire their perception on factors influencing career choice. This research is done using tools analyzing frequency distribution by means of calculating the value of modus and mean and quartile. Based on the results, it is known that the career choice favored by Universitas Bunda Mulia accounting major students are to become managerial and public accountant. Managerial accountant is the most favorable and public accountant is the second most favorable. The student who have choose as managerial accounting have positive perception on the existence of professional training, social values, working environment and job market consideration. The students who have choose as public accounting have positive perception on the existence of professional training, professional acknowledgment, environment work and personality consideration. Keywords : Perception, career, public accountant, managerial accountant, educational accountant and governmental accountant .

Since the censored and imprecise information are ubiquitous in the real world, under this fuzzy environment, the supplier selection based on the lifetime for the exponential model is proposed in this paper. The fuzzy estimates ^tp L% of lifetime capability indices tp L of suppliers are obtained according to the approach taken by Buckley [3][4] and the Zadeh's [14] extension principle in fuzzy sets theory. Some optimization problems are formulated and solved to obtain the -level sets for the purpose of constructing the membership function of fuzzy estimate of capability index for each supplier. The presented methodology takes into consideration an interval of imprecision in the sample data and leads to a three-decision rule with the FLCB decision chart. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to present the possible application by incorporating the censored and imprecise information into the problem of supplier selection.

The goal of the new edition is to continue with a systems view of the world. For a more robust and worldwide market dissemination, the new edition has changed to a reference book. The project systems approach to project management, is needed in executing projects across countries and across cultures, which is a crucial requirement in today's globalized and intertwined economics. The book uses ample graphical representations to clarify the concepts and techniques presented. The case examples help to reinforce the topics covered. Several illustrative examples and practice exercises are included. Each chapter is updated and new chapters include Project Simulation and Project Templates. A new chapter on managing complex projects in an age of artificial intelligence adds a unique value to the book. Features Highlights contemporary best practices of project management Uses a systems framework to integrate quantitative and qualitative tools Offers illustrative examples and practice exercises Covers project schedule performance appraisal techniques Discusses the knowledge areas contained in the Project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBOK) Presents software applications for project management, as well as case examples

This paper aims to develop and introduce a fuzzy Interval based Multi-criteria homogeneous Group Decision making technique (IMGD) to make appropriate decision under fuzzy environment. In fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making process, a group of decision makers often considers several subjective criteria for ranking a set of alternatives. Due to vague and imprecise information, decision makers generally utilize linguistic variables which are mandatorily converted into triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The total process then becomes very complex and time consuming. The current investigation advocates fuzzy intervals instead of triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers for simplification of the complex situation and ease of calculation. In this method, fuzzy intervals of performance ratings and weights assessed by homogeneous group decision makers under subjective criteria are converted into first mean fuzzy intervals then into normalized crisp numbers. The normalized crisp performance ratings and normalized crisp weights are combined together to determine initially individual contribution and then into aggregate contribution to each alternative for final ranking and selection of the alternative. The new model is demonstrated with an application to airports ranking and selection problem for better clarification and verification. The outcome of the proposed is validated with the results obtained by well-known existing MCDM techniques. The analysis shows that the proposed method is applicable, useful and effective for appropriate decision making under fuzzy MCDM environment.

Towards improving detection of early warning signals within organizations : an approach to the identification and utilization of underlying factors from an organizational perspective

On Risk and Return in MENA Capital Markets

The report presents the results of a survey conducted on 700 wheat farmers in France and Hungary. The survey aimed to single out the most critical elements at the base of wheat productivity, collecting information for the growing seasons 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. Two types of data are obtained: farmers’ opinions on the determinants of wheat productivity; quantitative data on wheat output, production factors, marketing strategies, damages, and field and risk management practices. Through descriptive statistics, the report revealed important and significant differences between the countries. According to French farmers' opinion, the most important wheat yield determinants at national level are seasonal weather and soil quality; while Hungarians addressed climate change and seasonal weather. At the farm level, the high prices of inputs and the low wheat market prices are considered the most constraining factors in both countries. Wheat yields are positively correlated to higher agro-chemicals use in Hungary and to additional days of labour in France. The adoption of precision farming provides 7-12% higher yields in both countries, while yield gains from conservation agriculture and IPM are found in partial adopters. In both countries, the most frequently adopted innovation to increase wheat yields and grains' quality are new wheat varieties, however farmers’ willingness to adopt genetically modified wheat varieties is opposite: positive in France and negative in Hungary. Finally, both farmers perceive market risks as more detrimental than natural disasters. While crop insurance is the most adopted tool to deal with natural risks in both countries, French farmers adopt diversification strategies more frequently than Hungarians to deal with market risks.

Environmental uncertainty is an unpredictable situation, where it is. In order for managers to control the existing environmental conditions so that managers need relevant information using the features of the management accounting system, with relevant information it can help the performance of managers better and can achieve organizational goals. Objectives of the study To understand the factors that affect managerial performance on managerial performance.This research was conducted in the Office of Population Control, Family Planning, Women Empowerment and Child Protection of Cianjur Regency with descriptive research method and verifikatif quantitative approach. Data source used is primary data source. The data technique used is the keyword and questionnaire. Sampling technique in this research is nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling type. Hypothesis testing used is partial test (t).The results of research showing the characteristics of management accounting system on the Office of Population Control, Family Planning, Women Empowerment and Child Protection. The uncertainty of the reproductive environment on managerial performance in the Office of Population Control, Family Planning, Women Empowerment and Child Protection. Environmental uncertainty as a moderating variable in the Office of Population Control, Family Planning, Women Empowerment and Child Protection proved to weaken the relationship between the characteristics of the management accounting system to managerial performance.Keywords : Characteristic Management Accounting System Information, Perceived Environmental Uncertainty, And Managerial Performance.

Information imprecision and uncertainty exist in many real-world applications, and for this reason fuzzy data modeling has been extensively investigated in various database models. In particular, Zadeh’s fuzzy set theory has been identified as a successful technique for modeling imprecise and uncertain information in various database models. This has resulted in numerous contributions, mainly with respect to the popular fuzzy conceptual data models (fuzzy ER/EER model, fuzzy UML data model, and etc.) and fuzzy logical database models (fuzzy relational database model, fuzzy object-oriented database model, and etc.). Also, it is shown that fuzzy set theory is very useful in Web-based business intelligence. Therefore, topics related to the modeling of fuzzy data are considered very interesting in XML since it is the current standard data representation and exchange format over the Web. In particular, to manage fuzzy XML data, it is necessary to integrate fuzzy XML and various fuzzy databases, and various fuzzy database models (fuzzy relational database model and fuzzy object-oriented database model) need to be used for mapping to and from the fuzzy XML models. Therefore, in this chapter, we mainly introduce several fuzzy database models, including fuzzy UML data model, fuzzy relational database model, and fuzzy object-oriented database model. Before that, we briefly introduce some notions of fuzzy set theory.

Nowadays, the teachers’ performance did not meet the expectation based on the competencies. There were many problems related to their performance such as; only a few teachers who did classroom action research, creating the lesson plans which were not supported by the learning media, the lack of learning sources, delivering the lesson without using creative learning so students were difficult to get the lesson. The factors which could influence the teachers’ performance were the principals’ leadership, the teachers’ activeness to join the Subject Teachers Forum/ Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP). Thus; the problem of the study: was there any influence of the principals’ leadership, the teachers’ activeness to join MGMP toward the Economics/ Accounting teachers’ performance of Senior High Schools in Kendal either partially or simultaneously? It was a population research so 35 Economics/ Accounting teachers of State Senior High Schools in Kendal as the samples. The data were analyzed by percentage descriptive analysis and doubled linear regression analysis. Based on the result of the study; simultaneously the principals’ leadership and the teachers’ activeness to join MGMP influenced positively and significantly up to 55.5% toward the Economics/ Accounting teachers’ performance of State Senior High Schools in Kendal and partially, the 1st variable (The principals’ leadership) influenced up to 43.16%, whereas the 2nd variable (The teachers’ activeness) influenced only 16%.

Accounting Information Systems today has an important role to the progress of an organization included in the business world. The problem that often arises in small and medium enterprises, among others on the system transactions are still done manually, by relying on paper for archiving enterprise data. Of course, such things will be difficult to control and report transaction data namely finance Production Cost and Process Cost. An application system that can help the process along with the transaction data report is required which can present useful information for interested parties to address such problems. The fact that there are still many small and medium-class companies (SMEs) still doing transaction processing, financial records and preparing reports both reports transactions and financial statements of the company manually. Improving the IT mastering is one of the important factors that need to be considered for small and medium enterprises and it also can develop the business wheel. IT development has been moving very rapidly, both in terms of hardware and software which can help the company's performance.One of SMEs in Kebumen district is tile company famous brand of Sokka. Most companies tile in the district Kebumen still use manual accounting system. Tile Company Brands Sokka does the production process using the production machine. Where the process Brands Sokka tile production company produces several kinds of products in the form types of tile press generated from period to period is always the same.The existence of accounting information system is expected to make management transactions and corporate finance better and accurate, and can help entrepreneurs and policy makers in managing the company's finances and taking policy’s company as well as scoring at the performance of the company. Therefore, the authors apply a Cost Information System applications Process For Small And Medium Enterprises In Improving the Quality of Production Process using microsoft office 2007 program. Keywords : Information Systems, Production Cost, Process Cost

A regret theory-based multi-granularity three-way decision model with incomplete T-spherical fuzzy information and its application in forest fire management

Growth opportunities for investments form an important part of the bank's value. When investors determine value of the bank according to the bank's accounting report, it is necessary to consider the bank's expectations for growth investments. With the development of capital markets has been more pronounced role of performance measures at reflecting in the performance of banks through their existing content. Identify economic and financial accounting factors which influence from different directions on the value of bank shares are effective in creating positive conditions for increasing investment and financial credit absorption of bank. Taking into account the stated conditions, the purpose of this investigation is to investigate factors affecting the value of bank stocks. Needed data for research are collected from 25 active banks in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2008-2014. The data are analyzed using Excel, SPSS and E-views soft wares. Im, Pesaran, and Shin test is used to evaluate the reliability of variables, then F-Limer fitness tests and Hausman are reported and finally regression model corresponding to the research questions is fitted. Obtained results show that bank size, bank performance, inflation rate and bank credit risk have impact on market value of bank shares. JEL: D53, E31, G32 Article visualizations: