Design and Development of Protected E-Voting System

Many have long aimed to create a safe electronic voting system that maintains the confidentiality and integrity of traditional voting methods while using the convenience and openness of modern technology. Ballot paper or electronic voting machines are the current voting schemes in every nation, and democratic voting is a significant event in every country. Problems with these procedures abound, including lack of openness, poor voter turnout, vote manipulation, mistrust of the election body, forgery of unique identification (voter ID card), delays in disseminating results, and, most importantly, security breaches. Prioritizing the security of digital voting is of utmost importance when contemplating implementing a digital voting system. The article assesses the objective of building a blockchain-based e-voting system [BC-E-VOT] that uses digital voting technology. Electronic voting methods that leverage the distributed ledger attract much attention because they can make digital voting more transparent, secure, and honest. As shown in this research, a successful strategy for electronic voting may be achieved by using Blockchain's cryptographic underpinnings and transparency. Due to its complete transparency, the suggested approach satisfies the essential criteria for electronic voting systems. Since Blockchain employs a decentralized mechanism for data storage rather than storing all of the data in one central place, it becomes challenging to tamper with the data when utilizing this technology to build a decentralized application. By creating a decentralized system using the WSN platform, a third party is no longer needed to oversee the election's access control. This article provides a system for electronic voting that guarantees privacy, trustworthiness, and security. The suggested approach is practical and secure, according to the findings.

After the 2009 general elections in India a controversy started about the electronic voting machines (EVM) that are used nationwide since 2004. Political parties, activists, and academics raised suspicion that the machines might have been manipulated to alter the election outcome. There is no proof that EVMs have been manipulated in any of the past elections. However, concerned people claim that the risk is there. This paper takes a closer look at the Indian voting machine technology and the discussions around alleged security holes. The authors take a closer look at this particular controversy. Additionally, we want to provide the reader with information about the Indian electronic voting system more generally. This includes reasons to change from the earlier paper ballot system and design challenges for EVM in the Indian context. We are writing within the frame of a theoretical model called Social Construction of Technology (SCOT), developed by Wiebe Bijker and Trevor Pinch (1987). Along the lines of this model we argue that after the EVM was adopted in India, different “relevant social groups” interpreted the EVM in diverse ways. From the social constructivist perspective, we argue that there has been not just one but rather at least three different EVMs. With time the “interpretative flexibility” diminished and “relevant social groups” more or less agreed on one interpretation of the EVM. The EVM has “stabilized” and the controversy has been closed basically. We show the SCOT model to be helpful for structuring the controversy in a fruitful manner. The research questions addressed here are: How did the ECI and EVM manufacturers react to allegations made by political parties, VeTA, and voting security researchers that EVMs are vulnerable to manipulation? How was the election practice affected?

In order to define requirements for electronic voting systems it is necessary to understand electronic voting in general and in particular its possible implementations. Thus, this chapter provides an overview and classification of existing (paper-based and electronic) election forms, including multiple channel voting. The second part of this chapter presents the main differences between paper-based elections and electronic voting. The next two parts analysis in detail those forms of electronic voting relevant for further discussions in this book: Thus, the third part of this chapter proposes and discusses electronic voting machines (direct recording electronic voting machines and the Digital Election Pen). The fourth part focuses on remote electronic voting systems (including possible implementations of voter authentication, the secrecy of the vote, and the client-side voting software).

In today’s digital environment, the voting system has moved from paper based to a digital system. A digital e-voting system has many properties such as transparency, decentralization, irreversibility, and non-repudiation. The growth in the digital e-voting system raises many security and transparency issues. In this paper, we used the blockchain technology in the digital electronic voting system to solve the security issues and ful?ll the system requirements. It offers new opportunities to deploy a secure e-voting system in any organization or country. The solution is far better as compared to other solutions because it is a decentralized system, containing the results in the form of bit-coins, having different locations. We will also analyze the security of our proposed voting system, which shows our protocol is more secure as compared to other solutions. The paper proposes a novel electronic voting system based on block chain that addresses some of the limitations in existing systems and evaluates some of the popular blockchain frameworks for the purpose of constructing a blockchain based e-voting system. In particular, we evaluate the potential of distributed ledger technologies through the description of a case study namely, the process of an election, and the implementation of a blockchain based application, which improves the security and decreases the cost of hosting a nation wide election.

The modern electronic voting system is an interconnected set of rules, methods, processes, tools and technologies, as well as legal norms that ensure and regulate the remote legitimate will of authorized users (voters). This article proposes, investigates, and verifies by physical prototyping the two-tier architecture of the electronic blockchain voting system. The lower (first) level enables all components of the electronic identification process to be fulfilled by existing systems such as BankID, MobileID, electronic signature, and the like. This will ensure interoperability of electronic voting, inheritance of already implemented national information systems, in particular, of the national system of electronic confidential services, reproducibility of the results of physical prototyping of blockchain voting. The upper (second) level is intended for the implementation of the expression of votes and the counting of votes, with the provision of independent control over the correctness of the compilation of voter lists; the possibility of anonymous voting only by those who are entitled to it; the invariability and irrevocability of the results of the will; ease and transparency of checking the correctness of the vote count and the like. The obtained results of physical prototyping make it possible to confirm the validity and weight of the developed architecture, its ability to meet the basic requirements of decentralized electronic voting, the requirements of information and functional security and reliability of information technologies. The practical implementation of the developed blockchain voting architecture will increase trust in information resources and services (which is especially relevant for government agencies) and will reduce time and overhead; will make impossible the intervention of centralized institutions and possible corruption; will increase the reliability of information storage and the quality of services provided.

The current electoral system faces various challenges such as vote rigging, hacking of electronic voting machines, and election manipulation, leading to a lack of faith in the system among citizens. The adoption of an electronic voting system based on block chain technology could potentially address these issues. This paper proposes a model of e-voting based on popular block chain frameworks that provide block chain as a service, which maintains participant confidentiality while still being open to public scrutiny. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the theme, demonstrating the usefulness of block chain technology in the design of a secure and transparent e-voting system. Distributed ledger technology is a powerful tool in the world of information technology, with the potential to revolutionize various applications. Block chain offers advantages such as cryptological underpinnings and transparency, making it a disruptive technology in modern times. The proposed e-voting system based on block chain technology offers the potential to improve the resilience of e-voting systems, and ensure the integrity of the election results. Overall, this paper provides insights into the potential of block chain technology to tackle the challenges facing the current electoral system and improve the transparency and security of e-voting systems. Key Word: Iblock chain, confidentiality, Distributed ledger, transparency, security, metamask, solidity, Ethereum, Decentralization, testnet, Hardhat, Dapp, Consensus, immutability, blocks.

The main objective of this project is to develop a safe Electronic voting System Software using Fingerprint Authentication method. i.e., e-voting system. Initially, fingerprints are collected and stored in a large database which will be created by the admins. During the elections, a valid authentication can be done through finger vein sensing. This authentication system is highly reliable and will facilitate casting of votes by the voters. In many democratic countries, elections have become a huge matter of concern. An election is seen as a system that basically creates the formal structure of a nation. It is an opportunity to elect the right leader and contribute towards the development of the nation. In addition, security and authenticity of these elections have become a major concern for the authorities. Although we use advanced electronic voting machines, the problem of rigging often arises. This e-voting software provides solution to rigging and also facilitates high authenticity and reliability. Depending on the particular implementation, e-voting may use standalone electronic voting machines (also called EVM) or computers connected to the Internet. It may encompass a range of Internet services, from basic transmission of tabulated results to full-function online voting through common connectable household devices. The data collected from the election will directly be transferred to the nearest database centers on real time basis using Zigbee systems and applications of cryptography.

Traditionally, electronic voting has relied on a centralized method of administration. The database and the system are both under the jurisdiction of the system's central administration, which oversees the voting process. As a result, issues like database manipulation and duplicate voting may arise, whether accidentally or purposefully. Permissionless blockchain technology has helped overcome many of these issues; however, since the basic consensus technique of such blockchains demands particular computer resources for each voting operation, they are not ideal for new voting systems. Power consumption, efficiency, and system latency all suffer as a result. These issues may be alleviated in part if electronic voting technologies are used. By using corporate blockchain technology, this research presents an electronic voting system that is very reliable and secures the secret vote. It also discusses some of the frequent security and dependability challenges of electronic voting system solutions, such as a flexible network setup.

Online voting system the most suitable replacement for the older generations paper ballot system and the nowadays trending Electronic Voting Machines (EVM). Every year by year the technology tries to reach its peak with immense exploration by revolutionizing the technology which makes the human life with more coloring. Today's Internet gives us access to a wide range of resources, information easily in a second. Among other such experiments is Blockchain. With its special features such as consistency and architecture, many companies, applications are increasingly moving towards them. One major usage of blockchain can be found in electronic-voting system. We can ensure the transparency of the election by placing all messages or details in the Ethereum blockchain, which keeps the privacy of each voter protected with maximum security and provides an effective sign-up process. Blockchain advantages on online-voting systems includes nonchangeable feature called immutable ledger of votes casted using time stamp method, security of voting system, instant validation of votes and counting of votes and updating in public ledger which does not depending upon the number of nodes in the blockchain network.

When computing scientists speak about electronic voting, it is often in terms of trust. But there are two contradictory statements. First, they argue that it should not be necessary to trust e-voting systems, which would be the case if they are provably secure. Second, for an e-voting system to be successful, the public must trust it. When we unravel the confusing concept of trust, we find that there are two quite different meanings: relying on something that one does not understand and does not really choose (confidence), or relying on something that one does understand and has consciously chosen (trust). The distinction is due to the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann. In this contribution, we analyse how this distinction can help in analysing the controversies around electronic voting. It is argued that because of the controversy, paper voting and e-voting now tend to be seen as radically different alternatives, which require comparison and a conscious decision. Trustworthiness, as opposed to reliability only, has thereby become a major requirement of electronic voting systems, leading to the implementation of various verification options. This increasingly applies to other systems that handle sensitive data as well. We will discuss the various types of verifiability in electronic voting systems, and how these can contribute to trustworthiness of data processing in general.

Conventional electronic voting systems use a centralized scheme. A central administration of these systems manages the entire voting process and has partial or total control over the database and the system itself. This creates some problems, accidental or intentional, such as possible manipulation of the database and double voting. Many of these problems have been solved thanks to permissionless blockchain technologies in new voting systems; however, the classic consensus method of such blockchains requires specific computing power during each voting operation. This has a significant impact on power consumption, compromises the efficiency and increases the system latency. However, using a permissioned blockchain improves efficiency and reduces system energy consumption, mainly due to the elimination of the typical consensus protocols used by public blockchains. The use of smart contracts provides a secure mechanism to guarantee the accuracy of the voting result and make the counting procedure public and protected against fraudulent actions, and contributes to preserving the anonymity of the votes. Its adoption in electronic voting systems can help mitigate part of these problems. Therefore, this paper proposes a system that ensures high reliability by applying enterprise blockchain technology to electronic voting, securing the secret ballot. In addition, a flexible network configuration is presented, discussing how the solution addresses some of the security and reliability issues commonly faced by electronic voting system solutions.

The use of electronic voting is gradually replacing the traditional one. However, the issue of creating an honest and reliable electronic voting system is still open. Creating a reliable e-voting system that meets all security requirements is a difficult task. The paper presents an electronic voting system based on the principle of blind intermediaries using multiple ballots. The basic requirements for systems are described: eligibility, fairness, individual verifiability, universal verifiability, vote-privacy, receipt-freeness, coercion-resistance, vulnerable software/hardware resistance. Blind intermediaries allow you to exclude the user’s vote from communicating with any authentication data. The principle of multiple ballot casting allows verification of the correctness of the ballot without the use of evidence with zero disclosure, as well as ensures compliance with other requirements for electronic voting systems. The system architecture is described, and the components involved in the voting process are described. The voting process is described, consisting of several stages: preparation, voting, counting of results. Cryptographic protocols are used, which are used for data transfer between system components. The compliance with the security requirements of the system is justified.

Investigation of E-voting system using face recognition using convolutional neural network (CNN)

Blockchain technology provides a stable spot in electronic voting systems by providing a transparent platform for an election which prevents the failures faced by the traditional electronic voting systems and makes it a more accurate and secure platform for voting. However, little attention has been paid to the possible impacts of new technological disruptions on politics and the electoral systems. The main goal of this paper is to design a framework for electronic voting systems using Blockchain technology. To achieve this goal, the paper outlines these three objectives: (1) to explore and identify the challenges in existing voting systems, (2) to identify the methods that could enhance the security and privacy of the electoral voting systems using Blockchain technology, and (3) to design a framework for electronic voting systems that use Blockchain technology in order to address the flaws in current voting systems. A mixed approach is applied in this study to explore the opportunities and challenges of the Blockchain voting system, and design the framework accordingly.

Case Study on 'Technology and Elections in the World’s Largest Democracy'