Design and Simulation of a Single Element High Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication

Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .

Microstrip antennas have reached a stage where they can replace most of the other types of antennas for low power application. However, these microstrip antennas have a serious limitation of their narrow bandwidth. Many techniques had been developed in enhancing the bandwidth of microstrip antennas. In this approach, an attempt has been made to enhance the bandwidth of traditional microstrip antenna by using some of these techniques. The design investigation on triangular multiresonator patch antenna is presented at different resonant frequency. Using IE3D software simulates all the designed geometry. The VSWR, directivity, gain, axial ratio, radiation pattern and efficiency of different designed antenna are evaluated. This paper deals with the design of single layer microstrip patch antenna with single probe feed. An impedance bandwidth of 37% for vswr/spl les/2 has been obtained from this proposed antenna.

This work is proposed a single layer wideband conformal microstrip patch antenna with low profile suitable for airbone application. Semicircular shape slots located at the corners of the patch and center of the length of the patch along with a partially cut ground plane are utilized to improve the impedance bandwidth of the patch antenna over the standard rectangular patch. The antenna exhibits passband characteristics across multiple bands with fractional impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2) of about more than 113% with an operating range 4.31–15.691 GHz for the proposed planar and 114% bandwidth with frequency range 4.37–16 GHz for the cylindrical antenna configuration (covering C, X, and Ku bands). Radiation characteristics of both planar and the cylindrical conformed versions of the antenna in both E and H planes are also presented for the corresponding resonant frequencies within the operating frequency range. The effect of the radius of curvature on the resonance curve is also analyzed for the cylindrical conformal patch antenna.

In this paper, we have designed a T-Shaped ridged Rectangular Microstrip patch wideband. antenna for wireless communication applications. This project designed a planar T-Slotted Microstrip patch antenna for millimeter wave wireless communication at 55GHz.CST SOFTWARE was used to analyze the antenna’s performance, which showed a low return loss of -19.13dB, a VSWR of 1.248, and a gain of 6.821dB. The antenna’s compact size and compatibility with wireless technology make it a promising choice for modern communication systems.

In this paper, we present a novel design of a single feed large frequency ratio dual-frequency microstrip patch antenna with orthogonal linear polarizations. In order to achieve large frequency ratio, two microstrip wings were set on both sides of the main patch, which connects with the help of PIN diodes. The PIN diodes also help improve cross polarization discrimination at the high frequency band. Additional results will be presented during the symposium.

The paper delivers a unique 5G microstrip antenna design capable to be used in today's millimeter-wave applications at resonant frequencies of 26.72 GHz, 32 GHz, and 37.97 GHz. It is a design achieved after performing alterations to the front patch, ground, and substrate along with the introduction of Defected Ground Structure and suspended ground plane techniques to attain higher directivity, Gain, S-parameters, VSWR, and optimal efficiency. The proposed antenna has been made by utilization of copper(annealed) for the design of the front patch and ground, alongside the Rogers RO3003 (lossy) for the main substrate as well as Rogers RT6010LM for suspended ground. We achieved the required results using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software.

A novel single feed frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna

Study and Design of Dual Frequency High Gain and Conformal Microstrip Patch Antenna

Radar communication systems are needed to predict weather and other military needs. One of the important parameters required for a radar communication system is an antenna with high performance and broad bandwidth that can improve the resolution. The research proposes a single patch microstrip antenna that is rectangular and has a 8 GHz resonance frequency for radar applications that have high bandwidth and performance. The antenna was developed with two dual feed lines connected to the peradiation element with the 2x1 element array technique aimed at increasing the bandwidth of the frequency. The antenna is designed using a FR-4 substrate with a tangent loss of 0.0265, a dielectric constant ( |r) = 4.3, a substrat thickness (h) = 1.6 mm. The dimensions of the rectangular single patch microstrip antenna substrata are 20x20 mm2 and 35x35 mm2 for the dual feed line antenna design. Simulation results from the antenna development showed a 159.62% increase in bandwidth compared to the original antenna design. The reflection coefficient also increased from the original design antenna, which was -16.36 dB, to -25.64 dB or an increase of 56.72%. This antenna is very suitable and recommended to be applied as a receiver antenna on radar communications systems

Microstrip antenna is expected to be used as part of satellite data reception system since it is more compact, low profile and lightweight than any conventional antenna. This study proposed development circular microstrip antenna with feed line to be implemented in C-band Himawari-8 satellite data reception system. It started with a single circular microstrip antenna then array <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2\mathrm{x}2$</tex> . The substrate used is FR-4 with 4.3 dielectric constant, both ground and patch used are copper. The width and length of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2\mathrm{x}2$</tex> array antenna patch is 94.19 mm and 88.49 mm respectively with radius 9.93 mm. Simulation results show that the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2\mathrm{x}2$</tex> array antenna has better performance than single patch antenna although its bandwidth is slightly lower than single patch. In general, the performance value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2\mathrm{x}2$</tex> array antenna in simulation has meet the requirements. The gain of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2\mathrm{x}2$</tex> array antenna reached 12.37 dB which is way higher than single antenna patch. Furthermore, the process could be continued to design <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$4\mathrm{x}4$</tex> array microstrip antenna to get higher gain than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2\mathrm{x}2$</tex> array antenna. After that, the design could be fabricated and integrated to parabolic antenna as a replacement of feed horn antenna which is being used currently for C-band Himawari-8 satellite data reception system.

Conventional microstrip antennas have inherent disadvantages such as low gain, large loss, and poor directivity, this paper taking the antenna gain maximization as the design goal, the presence or absence of square copper patch lattices as the design variables, and introduce a 0.05mm redundant design amount for the square lattice, established A topology optimization model of 24GHz microstrip antenna with metamaterial medium cover. Based on the genetic algorithm's solution strategy, the optimization model is solved, and a new type of metamaterial cover of microstrip antenna without the checkerboard format is obtained. The finite element software is used to simulate the optimized metamaterial cover microstrip antenna, compared with the conventional antenna, the result show antenna gain is improved by 4.24dB and the Half-power beamwidth is shrinking by 48° in the E-plane and 52° in the H-plane, the gain and directivity of the antenna are significantly improved.

Low proflle, light weight, easily mounted and broad bandwidth are the key charac- teristics for antennae designed for wireless applications. The microstrip antenna (MSA) suits the features mentioned except for its narrow bandwidth. The bandwidth of the microstrip antenna usually ranges from less than 1% to several percent. This paper experimentally investigates an alternative approach in enhancing the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna for the Wireless Lo- cal Area Network (WLAN) application operating at a frequency of 2.45GHz. The bandwidth enhancement technique which is studied is the Identical Dual Patch Microstrip Antenna with Air-Gap (IDMA). A bandwidth enhancement of more than 11% was achieved. Wireless applications have undergone rapid development in recent years. One particular wireless application that has experienced this trend is the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The wireless application that is selected to be studied is the 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz frequency band which is based on the 802.11b WLAN standard. This frequency band is very popular due to its low cost. WLAN antenna requires being low proflle, light weight and broad bandwidth. The microstrip antenna suits the features very well except for its narrow bandwidth. The WLAN antenna should have a minimum bandwidth of 100MHz to fully utilize the WLAN band based on the 802.11b standard. The conventional microstrip antenna could not fulflll this requirement as its bandwidth usually ranges from less than 1% to several percent (1). Although the required operating frequency range is from 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz, at least double the bandwidth is required to avoid expensive tuning operations and to cause uncritical manufacturing. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna for WLAN applications. This paper investigates a technique which can enhance the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna without increasing the lateral size and the complexity of the microstrip antenna too much. The Identical Dual Patch Microstrip Antenna with Air-Gap (IDMA) bandwidth enhancement technique takes the advantage of using the air gap to lower the efiective permittivity and increase the total thickness of the microstrip antenna which is essential for bandwidth enhancement. This bandwidth enhanced microstrip antenna can be deployed for the WLAN application operating at a frequency of 2.45GHz. 2. SIMULATED AND MEASURED RESULTS OF THE SINGLE-LAYER MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

Present wireless communication systems needed high gain, low profile, low volume, low fabrication cost, easy to implement, high-efficiency antenna. A microstrip antenna can provide all these mentioned features [1]. A microstrip antenna consists of four elements. The conducting patch that acts as radiator, substrate that acts as base material, conducting ground plane and strip line that provide interface between source and antenna. The prime disadvantage of the microstrip antenna is narrow bandwidth, which restricts it for many applications, where wider bandwidth is required [2]. Therefore, the big challenge designing of microstrip antenna is to increase the bandwidth. Various methods have been studied [3, 4] and reported to increase the antenna’s bandwidth. The effect of slots is also presented in many literatures [5, 6]. The substrate has a vital role in the characteristic of microstrip antenna. The height of substrate with low dielectric constant offers good efficiency and wide bandwidth, but it needs larger element [7] and hence increases the size of antenna. Simplicity in structure and of the antenna finds many wireless applications for X-band frequency range.

Microstrip Antennas (MSAs) have several advantages, including that they are light weight and small volume and that they can be made conformal to the host surface. In addition, MSAs are manufactured using printed circuit technology, so that mass production can be achieved at a low cost. In comparison to traditional antenna elements, however, the electrical performance of the basic microstrip antenna suffers from a number of serious drawbacks, e.g. narrow bandwidth; high feed network losses, poor cross polarization, and low power handling capacity. The major disadvantage of the microstrip-patch antenna is its inherently narrow impedance bandwidth of only a couple of percent. Intensive research is going on to develop bandwidth-enhancement techniques by keeping its size as small as possible. Accordingly, increasing the bandwidth of the MSA has been a primary goal of research in the field. We present here a compact two-layer electromagnetically coupled patch antenna with an impedance bandwidth of 35%. The radiation efficiency is obtained 90% in the operating band. The designed antenna is right-hand circularly polarized and operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM-band frequency The proposed structure has been initially optimized using IE3D software followed by experimental verification on Agilent Vector Network Analyzer, E5062A.

This paper presents the design of Single and Double Layer microstrip patch antennas for ultra-wideband applications. This structure consists of a square patch with a partial ground plane, fed by a 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] microstrip line. This antenna is designed for a system to detect malignant tumors by microwave imaging. Prototypes of the two antennas are fabricated and tested with a network analyzer. The proposed antenna can achieve an ultra-wide bandwidth with VSWR[Formula: see text]2 from 3.82[Formula: see text]GHz to 11.72[Formula: see text]GHz for single layer antenna and from 3.2[Formula: see text]GHz to 10.95[Formula: see text]GHz for double layer antenna, with stable and bi-directional radiation pattern. The gain is good and has a peak value of 6.5[Formula: see text]dBi. The simulation of this antenna has been performed using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and Computer Simulation Technology-Microwave Studio (CST).