Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

This paper presents comparison of rectangular micro strip patch antenna and E-Shaped micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Two parallel slots are made into the basic rectangular patch design of micro strip antenna which resulted into desired E-shaped patch. The basic design consist of inset feed type and we have used dielectric substrate Fr4 epoxy whereas E-shaped patch consist of coaxial probe and RT Duroid as substrate. Both the designs have been implemented using HFSS software. On comparing the parameters of both the antenna’s design, it was observed that E-shaped patch antenna has enhanced gain and return loss, hence the antenna with enhanced parameters is considered, the better one. Keywords : Rectangular patch antenna, Micro strip patch, E-shaped patch, coaxial feed Cite this Article Priya Sharma, Shreya Ghare, Shruti Jain, Archana Tiwari. Design and Simulation of E-Shape Micro-strip Patch Antenna at 2.45GHz. Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies . 2020; 7(1): 17–24p.

An accurate analysis of an air gap tuned high Tc superconducting microstrip an- tenna is presented. To include the efiect of the superconductivity of the microstrip patch in the Full wave analysis of the tunable rectangular microstrip patch, a surface complex impedance is considered. This impedance is determined by using London's equation and the model of Gorter and Casimir. Numerical results obtained are found to be in excellent agreement with the the- oretical and experimental data available in the literature. Finally, numerical results for the air gap tuning efiect on the operating frequency and bandwidth of the high Tc superconducting microstrip antenna are also presented. Rectangular microstrip patches can flnd an application in microwave integrated circuits as planar resonators for oscillators and fllters. Also, rectangular microstrip patches can be used as resonant antennas fed by means of either coaxial probes, or microstrip lines. Since the bandwidth of mi- crostrip patch resonators and antennas around their operating resonant frequencies is known to be very narrow, it is important to develop accurate algorithms for the computation of those res- onant frequencies. The resonant frequency value of the rectangular microstrip patch depends on the structural parameters, and it is evident that if the resonant frequency is to be changed, a new microstrip antenna is needed. In order to achieve tunable resonant frequency characteristics, an adjustable air gap layer can be inserted between the ground plane and the substrate, resulting in a two-layer structure (1,2). Apart from tunable microstrip patches, in the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of superconducting materials in microwave integrated circuits, which is due to their main characteristics, such as: very small losses, which means low-attenuation and low-noise, very small dispersion up to frequencies of several tens of GHz, smaller devices due to the lower losses, which leads to larger integration density and reduction in the time of propagation of the signals in the circuits (3). In this paper, a rigorous Full-wave analysis of an air gap tuned high Tc superconducting mi- crostrip antenna is presented. To the best of our knowledge, this structure has not been analyzed previously. Only results for the case of perfectly conducting patch have been reported in the open literature (1,2). In Section 2, the authors provide details of the application of the Galerkin's method in the Fourier transform domain to the analysis of high Tc superconducting microstrip antennas with air gaps. In Section 3, the validity of the solution is tested by comparing the computed results with theoretical and experimental data available in the literature. Numerical results for the air gap tuning efiect on the operating frequency and half power bandwidth of the high Tc superconduct- ing microstrip patch antenna are also presented. Finally, concluding remarks are summarized in Section 4. 2. OUTLINE OF THE NUMERICAL PROCEDURE The high Tc superconducting microstrip patch antenna considered in this work is shown in Figure 1. It was obtained by depositing a superconducting patch of thickness e on a dielectric layer. The dielectric layer of thickness d2 is characterized by the free-space permeability 0 and the permittivity 0, r (0 is the free-space permittivity and the relative permittivity r can be complex to account for dielectric loss). An adjustable air gap layer of thickness d1 is inserted between the substrate and the perfectly conducting ground plane. Following the conventional spectral domain approach, the Fourier transform domain relationship between the surface electric fleld at z = d1 +d2 and surface

Thin-film high-temperature superconductors (HTS) have found use in many different applications since their discovery in 1986. Their popularity is due in great put to the advances in deposition technology, which has provided high-quality films on a variety of substrates. For the most part, the primary advantage of using superconducting materials in antenna systems is the reduction of the loss associated with transmission line matching circuits, filters, and feed networks particularly at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies where ohmic losses begin to significantly affect the system's performance. For large antenna arrays with long, elaborate corporate feed networks, the use of HTS transmission lines can substantially increase the gain of the antenna arrays. The efficiency of the individual microstrip patch antennas is limited by the power dissipated by ohmic losses in the patch element and ground plane, the dielectric loss in the supporting substrate, and the undesirable excitation of surface-wave radiation. Because the surface-wave excitation increases with increasing substrate thickness and permittivity, the substrate upon which the microstrip antenna is patterned is typically electrically thin (less than 0.01/spl lambda//sub 0/). Unfortunately, there is a substantial decrease in the radiation efficiency on thin substrates, which is due to the conductor and dielectric loss. These losses can be significantly reduced by constructing the antenna from thin films of HTS materials on low-loss substrates. We summarize our efforts in investigating the properties of superconducting microstrip patch antennas.

This paper is presentation of designed different diodes loaded active model dissimilar geometries of micro strip patch antennas. As known, mikrostrip patch antennas have complex impedance and its impedance changes with frequency. Because of this, imaginer part of micro strip patch antennas is minimized by effect of diodes having capacitive reactance thus maximum power radiating is occurred. The aim of this project is to present different diodes loaded patch antenna for ISM 2.4 Ghz and to indicate active antenna performance according to influence of locations and dc biasing of diodes then to compare the antenna parameters of passive models. Besides, this project is used three types of diodes which are schottky Barrier diodes, silicon variable capacitance diode and tuner diode and four diodes whose are bas70, bas83, bb619 and bb721. The simulation programmer is AWR Design Environment Microwave Office 2007 (MWO) whose analysis meted is moment (Mom). Finally, the antennas that are projected are ready condition for LAN application or wireless RF receiver-transmitter systems. Return loss of designed antennas are between -25.54 dB and -36.17 dB. Gain does not change a lot but results of VSWR and Input impedance is satisfactory when comparing the passive model's results.

This paper comes with a new study on the conception of a CPW-Fed multi bands planar antenna. The design takes into account that this structure can be integrated with circuits behind, that why the Fed is a CPW one. The antenna validated is suitable for GSM, DCS and ISM band. The entire area of the antenna is 36×72.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and it is printed on an FR4 substrate. The printed U-shaped antenna is formed from two horizontal arms of different lengths and an L-shaped shorted strip which is connected between the vertical arm and the ground plane. The antenna is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using ADS "Advanced Design System" and the results are compared with CST Microwave Studio.

Microstrip antennas are widely used in wireless communication, radar, satellite systems, and astronomy applications. Because of their ease of manufacturing, their lightweight, low profile and also their ability to conform to non-planar structures in free space, these structures need tools based on numerical techniques to model and solve some electromagnetic problems like interference and discontinuity. However, the 3D planar discontinuity presents several difficulties related to the volume mesh. Furthermore, the entire volume must be considered, even the smallest details. In this paper, we will develop a formulation based on the hybridization between the reciprocity theorem and the Method of the Generalized Equivalent Circuit (MGEC) to model and analyze a 3D planar discontinuity existing between the excitation source which described by a coaxial cable and a microstrip patch antenna. The values of the current density distribution on either side of the patch antenna and microstrip as well as the relative error value between microstrip patch antenna and excitation source shows the existence of discontinuity.

Microstrip (patch) antennas usually strongly radiate in directions along the ground plane. This effect causes unwanted radiation patterns and increased coupling among array elements. Dielectric polarization currents are identified as physical sources of this radiation. A general technique is proposed to compensate these currents and suppress radiation in horizontal directions.

Low profile antenna supports the activity of numerous modernized communication systems. Microstrip patch antenna represents a group of antenna which offers the capability of complete assimilation with communication system printed circuitry. We have been devised, fabricated a rectangular microstrip patch antenna and analyzed at the frequency of 2.4 GHz. By means of transmission line model it has been effectively demonstrated as to how the patch antenna can accurately modelled and analyzed by inserting microstrip line inset feed. Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Patch, Fabrication, Analyse, Inset Feed, Dielectric Constant.

In modern communication devices, microstrip patch antennas are preferred to conventional antennas due to their size. In this review, a survey of commonly used techniques and designs for microstrip antennas is conducted. These techniques and designs were used by the authors to design an effective, low-profile, small, compatible, and affordable microstrip antenna. They were mostly used to design reconfigurable, multiband, and wideband antennas. After that, a initiator patch design with dimensions is provided on which technique will be used to analyze various antenna parameters. In recent years, research into microstrip patch antennas has made significant progress. Microstrip patch horns outperform conventional microstrip patches in a number of ways, including their low cost, ease of integration with integrated microwave circuits (MICs), low volume, small size, high performance, and low weight.

This paper is highly focused on the multiband application of the microstrip patch antenna. In first phase, rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) with a rectangular slot cut inside the rectangular patch at an appropriate position is simulated and analyzed. Then, the double (dual) slot had been embedded in the rectangular patch. Comparative analysis between these proposed structures and a simple microstrip patch antenna is done. Parameters as return loss and bandwidth are analyzed using FDTD algorithm in MATLAB. The use of multi slotted concept in rectangular patch antenna makes it flexible in terms of bandwidth control.

Microstrip Antennas (MSAs) have several advantages, including that they are light weight and small volume and that they can be made conformal to the host surface. In addition, MSAs are manufactured using printed circuit technology, so that mass production can be achieved at a low cost. In comparison to traditional antenna elements, however, the electrical performance of the basic microstrip antenna suffers from a number of serious drawbacks, e.g. narrow bandwidth; high feed network losses, poor cross polarization, and low power handling capacity. The major disadvantage of the microstrip-patch antenna is its inherently narrow impedance bandwidth of only a couple of percent. Intensive research is going on to develop bandwidth-enhancement techniques by keeping its size as small as possible. Accordingly, increasing the bandwidth of the MSA has been a primary goal of research in the field. We present here a compact two-layer electromagnetically coupled patch antenna with an impedance bandwidth of 35%. The radiation efficiency is obtained 90% in the operating band. The designed antenna is right-hand circularly polarized and operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM-band frequency The proposed structure has been initially optimized using IE3D software followed by experimental verification on Agilent Vector Network Analyzer, E5062A.

Low proflle, light weight, easily mounted and broad bandwidth are the key charac- teristics for antennae designed for wireless applications. The microstrip antenna (MSA) suits the features mentioned except for its narrow bandwidth. The bandwidth of the microstrip antenna usually ranges from less than 1% to several percent. This paper experimentally investigates an alternative approach in enhancing the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna for the Wireless Lo- cal Area Network (WLAN) application operating at a frequency of 2.45GHz. The bandwidth enhancement technique which is studied is the Identical Dual Patch Microstrip Antenna with Air-Gap (IDMA). A bandwidth enhancement of more than 11% was achieved. Wireless applications have undergone rapid development in recent years. One particular wireless application that has experienced this trend is the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The wireless application that is selected to be studied is the 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz frequency band which is based on the 802.11b WLAN standard. This frequency band is very popular due to its low cost. WLAN antenna requires being low proflle, light weight and broad bandwidth. The microstrip antenna suits the features very well except for its narrow bandwidth. The WLAN antenna should have a minimum bandwidth of 100MHz to fully utilize the WLAN band based on the 802.11b standard. The conventional microstrip antenna could not fulflll this requirement as its bandwidth usually ranges from less than 1% to several percent (1). Although the required operating frequency range is from 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz, at least double the bandwidth is required to avoid expensive tuning operations and to cause uncritical manufacturing. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna for WLAN applications. This paper investigates a technique which can enhance the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna without increasing the lateral size and the complexity of the microstrip antenna too much. The Identical Dual Patch Microstrip Antenna with Air-Gap (IDMA) bandwidth enhancement technique takes the advantage of using the air gap to lower the efiective permittivity and increase the total thickness of the microstrip antenna which is essential for bandwidth enhancement. This bandwidth enhanced microstrip antenna can be deployed for the WLAN application operating at a frequency of 2.45GHz. 2. SIMULATED AND MEASURED RESULTS OF THE SINGLE-LAYER MICROSTRIP ANTENNA

The document gives a study on design and analysis of a micro strip patch antenna. Micro strip antennas have been a standout amongst the most inventive points in reception apparatus hypothesis and outline lately, and are progressively discovering application in an extensive variety of current microwave systems. Also, micro strip patch antennas have turned into the most loved of antenna creators on account of its adaptability and preferences of planar profile, simplicity of manufacture, similarity with incorporated circuit innovation, and likeness with a formed surface. This paper starts with a brief overview of the fundamental qualities of micro strip antennas, and then concentrates on the most critical virtual products that can be utilized for the outlining of micro strip antennas. Accentuation is on new antennas for enhanced electrical execution and manufacturability and on progresses in the logical displaying of micro strip patch antennas and arrays. The paper presents simulation and design of a microstrip patch antenna of 2.25GHz frequency. Ansoft or Ansys HFSS was used to analyse the square patch micro strip antenna

Antennas are either massive or miniaturized structures useful for the transmission and reception of signals associated with Electromagnetic (EM) radiation. Although Microstrip Patch Antennas (MSA) are advantageous they exhibit several drawbacks which may impair a faster communication throughput. They mostly display narrow impedance bandwidth amidst other grave issues. This study presents some approaches such as transmission line analysis and modeling for investigating the complexities associated with the MSA configurations given the shortcomings of narrow impedance bandwidth. in other to achieve the associated input impedance for the dual-band E-patch microstrip antenna. It also investigated the fabrication of the E-patch MSA which targeted the operating frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz for possible range and speed. The fabricated prototype was tested using a high-frequency communication instrument known as the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to obtain the return loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). This method was done to quantify the reduction of reflections for enhanced Radio Frequency (RF) network output. This work helps to mitigate the challenges encountered when designing and developing microstrip patch antennas having a relatively small size in different configurations.

Microstrip antennas have reached a stage where they can replace most of the other types of antennas for low power application. However, these microstrip antennas have a serious limitation of their narrow bandwidth. Many techniques had been developed in enhancing the bandwidth of microstrip antennas. In this approach, an attempt has been made to enhance the bandwidth of traditional microstrip antenna by using some of these techniques. The design investigation on triangular multiresonator patch antenna is presented at different resonant frequency. Using IE3D software simulates all the designed geometry. The VSWR, directivity, gain, axial ratio, radiation pattern and efficiency of different designed antenna are evaluated. This paper deals with the design of single layer microstrip patch antenna with single probe feed. An impedance bandwidth of 37% for vswr/spl les/2 has been obtained from this proposed antenna.