Investigation of rectangular multi-band microstrip patch antennas with slots

This paper presents comparison of rectangular micro strip patch antenna and E-Shaped micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Two parallel slots are made into the basic rectangular patch design of micro strip antenna which resulted into desired E-shaped patch. The basic design consist of inset feed type and we have used dielectric substrate Fr4 epoxy whereas E-shaped patch consist of coaxial probe and RT Duroid as substrate. Both the designs have been implemented using HFSS software. On comparing the parameters of both the antenna’s design, it was observed that E-shaped patch antenna has enhanced gain and return loss, hence the antenna with enhanced parameters is considered, the better one. Keywords : Rectangular patch antenna, Micro strip patch, E-shaped patch, coaxial feed Cite this Article Priya Sharma, Shreya Ghare, Shruti Jain, Archana Tiwari. Design and Simulation of E-Shape Micro-strip Patch Antenna at 2.45GHz. Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies . 2020; 7(1): 17–24p.

The design of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (RMSA) and Circular Microstrip Antenna (CMSA) with coaxial feed at S-band frequency is investigated in this paper. RMSA is equipped for 2.4 GHz resonant frequency operations and also CMSA for 2.4 GHz resonant frequency operations. How RMSA and CMSA operate at the same frequency are discussed. This choice of frequency has created the antenna an ideal alternative to be used within the wireless Local Area Network [WLAN] and WiMAX, wifi, and Zigbee applications. The dielectric material used for both MSAs is epoxy material FR-4 having a permittivity of 4.4. Both antennas are designed using HFSS and fabricated. In comparison to the CMSA VSWR 1.31, the RMSA has an improved value of 1.0 for the VSWR. CSMA has a Return Loss (RL) of -26.7dB and RSMA has a -31.4 dB return loss. The RMSA has shown a return loss of approximately 6.0 dB greater than the CMSA return loss.

This letter investigates the performance and requirements of High gain microstrip patch antennas for Sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Here the rectangular patch antenna is gradually modified with 3-different techniques: (i) Edge-cut single rectangular patch antenna (ii) Wheel shape slot loaded on the radiating patches (iii) Staircase-shape two element rectangular patch antenna array. This paper discussed 4 different rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) designs (Design - 1, 2, 3, 4) for Fifth generation communication system. The aim of the Wheel shape structure is to achieve wide bandwidth and antenna gain; Edge truncation technique helps to improve impedance matching and Staircase-shape structure helps to enhance bandwidth as well as achieves compactness of the antenna. All these antennas are convenient for Sub-6GHz 5G- NR band n79 (4.4 GHz to 5 GHz). All these structures are designed and simulated in ANSYS HFSS 2019 software.

Partial discharge (PD) phenomenon in high-voltage (HV) apparatus is a warning symptom of insulation degradation that can eventually lead to equipment breakdown. The ultra-high frequency (UHF) or electromagnetic method has been widely adopted to monitor the insulation condition of HV power equipment such as power transformers. To detect PD occurrence on HV power transformers, the UHF method is preferable due to its high immunity to external interferences such as background noise and electromagnetic interferences from telecommunication. The UHF antennas are used in the UHF method to detect the electromagnetic waves emitted by PD events inside the power transformer tank. Many studies about the design of UHF antennas to detect PD on power transformers have been conducted previously. However, these UHF sensors are still facing noise disturbances especially for on-line partial discharge measurement, in presence of high noise levels. To address interference issues affecting the UHF sensor sensitivity, this paper presents a novel UHF PD sensor called rectangular microstrip patch antenna or simply patch antenna. This type of antenna has a simple structure, low cost for fabrication, and ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency enabling it to detect PD signals in a wide frequency range within the UHF range (300MHz-3GHZ). To design, simulate and optimize the UHF antenna, the HFSS software was used. The FR4-epoxy substrate having a thickness of 1.6mm, and a dielectric constant of 4.4 was used to design and simulate this rectangular patch antenna. The perfect electric conductor (PEC) was used on the rectangular patch, feedline, and ground plane of the designed patch antenna. The proposed antenna has a low reflection coefficient, low VSWR < 2, a wide bandwidth, as suitable gain, and directivity enabling this antenna to be a suitable and promising sensor for PD detection on power transformers.

The shape of the radiating patch in the microstrip patch antenna is one of the many factors that affect the performance of the microstrip antenna.In this paper, on the premise of center frequency of 2.45 GHz, rectangular, circular and triangular microstrip patch antennas are designed and simulated respectively.The simulation results of the three microstrip patch antenna are analyzed, such as feed point position, return loss and radiation patterns.The influence of the shape of the radiation patch on the impedance bandwidth, gain and directivity of microstrip antennas is discussed.The simulation results show that the comprehensive performance of rectangular microstrip patch antenna is better than the other two, the comprehensive performance of triangular microstrip patch antenna is poor.

In this digital creation of the 5G communication system, high-speed data, and greater bandwidth are the common needs. Hence, a simple structure of inset feed rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented initially for 5G applications with a resonance frequency of 27 GHz. Later, a rectangular slot is introduced in the proposed microstrip patch antenna. This inclusion of slot results from an additional enhancement in the bandwidth as much as 1.51 GHz and acceptable return loss of -15.28 dB, appreciable VSWR of 1.41, and significant directivity of 8dBi. All the simulations and analyses are done using CST studio software and also compared with similar works. Although fabrication has not been done at this stage, we believe that this simple slotted rectangular patch structure will be a potential candidate for a 5G antenna operating at 27GHz.

In this paper, a novel Evolutionary Computing named Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) based ANN model is developed for rectangular MPA (Microstrip patch antenna). Considering at-hand and Nextgeneration Ultra wideband application demands, the emphasis has been made on retaining optimal lowcost design with desired cut-off frequency. The proposed method employs multiple sets of theoreticallydriven training instances or patch antenna design parameters which have been processed for normalization and sub-sampling to achieve a justifiable and reliable sample size for further design parameter prediction. Procedurally, the input design parameters were processed for normalization followed by sub-sampling to give rise to a sufficient set of inputs to perform knowledge-driven (designparameter) prediction. Considering limitations of the major at-hand machine learning methods which often undergo local minima and convergence while training, we designed a state-of-art new Adaptive Genetic Algorithm based neuro-computing model (AGA-ANN), which helped to predict the set of optimal design parameters for rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The predicted patch antenna length and width values were later used for verification which achieved the expected frequency. The depth analysis revealed that a rectangular patch antenna with width 14.78 mm, length 11.08mm, feed-line 50 Ω can achieve the cut-off frequency of 8.273 GHz, which can be of great significance for numerous UWB applications.

In this paper an inset fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed and its parameters like return loss, directivity, band width are analysed. Then a metamaterial structure of Interconnected Hexagonal Rings is designed such that it exhibits negative permittivity and negative permeability at the same frequency as that of inset fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Here NRW parameters are used to verify negative permittivity and negative permeability. This structure is then superimposed on the microstrip patch antenna and its parameters are again analysed. Improvements are seen in the above parameters. Then a varactor diode as active device is added to the metamaterial structure and again parameters are analysed using CST microwave studio software. Further improvement in above parameters are observed.

In the advancement of 5G communication systems, the demand for high-speed data transmission and increased bandwidth is growing. To address this, a simplified design of an inset-fed rectangular micro-strip patch antenna is proposed for 5G applications, operating at a resonance frequency of 25.88 GHz. The design is further improved by introducing a rectangular slot in the patch, which enhances performance characteristics. The proposed slotted patch antenna achieves a significant reflection coefficient (S parameter) of −30 dB, an impedance of 80.88 ohms, and a maximum current density of 90.5832 A/m<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> as obtained using the Max-solver in the CST Studio Suite. Although physical fabrication is pending, the simulated results suggest that this compact and efficient slotted patch design holds strong potential for future 5G antenna implementations.

A simple dual-band antenna design and implementation method is proposed in this work, based on the equivalent media properties inspired by resonant metamaterial elements. The equivalent circuit model of dual-band patch antennas based on a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is presented and validated. The dual-band patch antenna is designed etching a CSRR in the patch of a conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The first resonance is governed by the quasi-static resonance of the CSRR while the second resonance is originated by the rectangular patch. The fact of etching a CSRR on a rectangular patch antenna also produces a miniaturization of a conventional patch antenna. The equivalent circuit model proposed in this letter is sound in order to understand the functionality of dual-band patch antennas based on a CSRR. Good agreement between simulation, equivalent circuit model and experimental results is shown and discussed. These results lead the equivalent circuit model to become a simple and straightforward tool for the design of this type of multiband antennas, of low cost and versatile operation for a broad range of wireless communication systems.

A narrow band micro strip patch antenna with "Pentagonal Rings" shaped metamaterial cover is proposed and analyzed at a height of 3.2mm from the ground plane. The antenna along with the proposed metamaterial cover is designed to resonate at 2.31GHz frequency (in S-Band). Proposed metamaterial cover significantly reduces the return loss and increases the directivity of the antenna in comparison to rectangular micro strip patch antenna alone. The proposed antenna is suitable for application requiring low bandwidth space and reduced return loss, at 2.31GHz frequency. The scope of this paper is to design and simulate the proposed artificial structure with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability or the so-called LH MTM. Nicolson-Ross-Weir approach has been used for verifying the double-negative properties of the proposed metamaterial cover.

This paper reviews the multiband performance of a microstrip rectangular slotted patch antenna towards the three-way slotting achieved in the four stage design process. The process iterates through the stages of a basic rectangular patch design, incorporation of a rectangular slot open ended at the two sides, introduction of a circular slot at the center of stage 2 design followed by the rectangular extensions of the circular slots. The substrate used is FR4 epoxy (h=1.6 mm)and the coaxial feeding technique has been employed. The design stages have been analyzed over HFSS for the major parameters including the reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation pattern and gain. The design results for each stage have been graphically shown and stated in the results section.

This paper presents a compact split ring resonator metamaterial-embedded rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) resonates at 5.29 GHz frequency with return loss −12.108 dB is designed with applications in wireless communication. After then, RMPA is embedded with metamaterial split ring resonator. This metamaterial structure gives reduced resonant frequency and improved bandwidth along with good impedance matching. This technique also provides 27% reduction in size of RMPA. The proposed antenna is simulated using HFSS software, the prototype antenna has been fabricated and results are measured.

Low profile antenna supports the activity of numerous modernized communication systems. Microstrip patch antenna represents a group of antenna which offers the capability of complete assimilation with communication system printed circuitry. We have been devised, fabricated a rectangular microstrip patch antenna and analyzed at the frequency of 2.4 GHz. By means of transmission line model it has been effectively demonstrated as to how the patch antenna can accurately modelled and analyzed by inserting microstrip line inset feed. Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Patch, Fabrication, Analyse, Inset Feed, Dielectric Constant.

The special space filling capability of Koch fractal is used in the Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction of microstrip patch antenna. Compared with normal rectangular microstrip patch antenna, the resonance sides are designed in the shape of Koch fractal, while two Koch fractal shape slots are cut in the antenna. Based on the design, antenna prototypes were fabricated and tested, which shows that the gain loss was no larger than 1dB. The RCS of the fractal antenna is effectively reduced both in band and out of band compared with the rectangular patch antenna, while the radiation performance are almost maintained.