Improvement in Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Parameters Using Metamaterial with Active Devices

This paper presents comparison of rectangular micro strip patch antenna and E-Shaped micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Two parallel slots are made into the basic rectangular patch design of micro strip antenna which resulted into desired E-shaped patch. The basic design consist of inset feed type and we have used dielectric substrate Fr4 epoxy whereas E-shaped patch consist of coaxial probe and RT Duroid as substrate. Both the designs have been implemented using HFSS software. On comparing the parameters of both the antenna’s design, it was observed that E-shaped patch antenna has enhanced gain and return loss, hence the antenna with enhanced parameters is considered, the better one. Keywords : Rectangular patch antenna, Micro strip patch, E-shaped patch, coaxial feed Cite this Article Priya Sharma, Shreya Ghare, Shruti Jain, Archana Tiwari. Design and Simulation of E-Shape Micro-strip Patch Antenna at 2.45GHz. Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies . 2020; 7(1): 17–24p.

This paper presents a compact split ring resonator metamaterial-embedded rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) resonates at 5.29 GHz frequency with return loss −12.108 dB is designed with applications in wireless communication. After then, RMPA is embedded with metamaterial split ring resonator. This metamaterial structure gives reduced resonant frequency and improved bandwidth along with good impedance matching. This technique also provides 27% reduction in size of RMPA. The proposed antenna is simulated using HFSS software, the prototype antenna has been fabricated and results are measured.

A narrow band micro strip patch antenna with "Pentagonal Rings" shaped metamaterial cover is proposed and analyzed at a height of 3.2mm from the ground plane. The antenna along with the proposed metamaterial cover is designed to resonate at 2.31GHz frequency (in S-Band). Proposed metamaterial cover significantly reduces the return loss and increases the directivity of the antenna in comparison to rectangular micro strip patch antenna alone. The proposed antenna is suitable for application requiring low bandwidth space and reduced return loss, at 2.31GHz frequency. The scope of this paper is to design and simulate the proposed artificial structure with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability or the so-called LH MTM. Nicolson-Ross-Weir approach has been used for verifying the double-negative properties of the proposed metamaterial cover.

This paper is highly focused on the multiband application of the microstrip patch antenna. In first phase, rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) with a rectangular slot cut inside the rectangular patch at an appropriate position is simulated and analyzed. Then, the double (dual) slot had been embedded in the rectangular patch. Comparative analysis between these proposed structures and a simple microstrip patch antenna is done. Parameters as return loss and bandwidth are analyzed using FDTD algorithm in MATLAB. The use of multi slotted concept in rectangular patch antenna makes it flexible in terms of bandwidth control.

This letter investigates the performance and requirements of High gain microstrip patch antennas for Sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Here the rectangular patch antenna is gradually modified with 3-different techniques: (i) Edge-cut single rectangular patch antenna (ii) Wheel shape slot loaded on the radiating patches (iii) Staircase-shape two element rectangular patch antenna array. This paper discussed 4 different rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) designs (Design - 1, 2, 3, 4) for Fifth generation communication system. The aim of the Wheel shape structure is to achieve wide bandwidth and antenna gain; Edge truncation technique helps to improve impedance matching and Staircase-shape structure helps to enhance bandwidth as well as achieves compactness of the antenna. All these antennas are convenient for Sub-6GHz 5G- NR band n79 (4.4 GHz to 5 GHz). All these structures are designed and simulated in ANSYS HFSS 2019 software.

The shape of the radiating patch in the microstrip patch antenna is one of the many factors that affect the performance of the microstrip antenna.In this paper, on the premise of center frequency of 2.45 GHz, rectangular, circular and triangular microstrip patch antennas are designed and simulated respectively.The simulation results of the three microstrip patch antenna are analyzed, such as feed point position, return loss and radiation patterns.The influence of the shape of the radiation patch on the impedance bandwidth, gain and directivity of microstrip antennas is discussed.The simulation results show that the comprehensive performance of rectangular microstrip patch antenna is better than the other two, the comprehensive performance of triangular microstrip patch antenna is poor.

In this digital creation of the 5G communication system, high-speed data, and greater bandwidth are the common needs. Hence, a simple structure of inset feed rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented initially for 5G applications with a resonance frequency of 27 GHz. Later, a rectangular slot is introduced in the proposed microstrip patch antenna. This inclusion of slot results from an additional enhancement in the bandwidth as much as 1.51 GHz and acceptable return loss of -15.28 dB, appreciable VSWR of 1.41, and significant directivity of 8dBi. All the simulations and analyses are done using CST studio software and also compared with similar works. Although fabrication has not been done at this stage, we believe that this simple slotted rectangular patch structure will be a potential candidate for a 5G antenna operating at 27GHz.

A microstrip line-fed broadband rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed to work in 5G applications in an endeavor to play a significant role in the communication system, which operates at 28 GHz. An initial rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been designed and analysis its performance. The intended operating frequency range has been tuned in using a cutting the slot and edge with a partial ground plane approach (28.00 GHz-29.96 GHz). The inset-fed microstrip patch antenna presented in this paper has a defected ground structure (DGS) and is constructed on a Teflon substrate with a 2.1 dielectric constant. The use of a defected ground slot increases the antenna’s bandwidth and efficiency compare to full ground plane of antenna. With a wide -10dB bandwidth of 1.96 GHz, the developed antenna is projected to function at 28.90 GHz for the 5G application. Its return loss is -39.42dB. Additionally, the antennas have an overall size of 35 x39x1.57 mm3, a wide bandwidth of 1.96 GHz, and strong gain and directivity across the whole operating band. The VSWR value is 1. This proposed antenna produces better outcomes than some of the existing antennas described in a recent scholarly study. First, an antenna is designed, followed by simulation and performance analysis done using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The improvement of the antenna’s parameters and operational bandwidth for 5G applications significantly improved during analysis. It follows that this antenna will probably be adequate for 5G wireless communication systems.

Partial discharge (PD) phenomenon in high-voltage (HV) apparatus is a warning symptom of insulation degradation that can eventually lead to equipment breakdown. The ultra-high frequency (UHF) or electromagnetic method has been widely adopted to monitor the insulation condition of HV power equipment such as power transformers. To detect PD occurrence on HV power transformers, the UHF method is preferable due to its high immunity to external interferences such as background noise and electromagnetic interferences from telecommunication. The UHF antennas are used in the UHF method to detect the electromagnetic waves emitted by PD events inside the power transformer tank. Many studies about the design of UHF antennas to detect PD on power transformers have been conducted previously. However, these UHF sensors are still facing noise disturbances especially for on-line partial discharge measurement, in presence of high noise levels. To address interference issues affecting the UHF sensor sensitivity, this paper presents a novel UHF PD sensor called rectangular microstrip patch antenna or simply patch antenna. This type of antenna has a simple structure, low cost for fabrication, and ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency enabling it to detect PD signals in a wide frequency range within the UHF range (300MHz-3GHZ). To design, simulate and optimize the UHF antenna, the HFSS software was used. The FR4-epoxy substrate having a thickness of 1.6mm, and a dielectric constant of 4.4 was used to design and simulate this rectangular patch antenna. The perfect electric conductor (PEC) was used on the rectangular patch, feedline, and ground plane of the designed patch antenna. The proposed antenna has a low reflection coefficient, low VSWR < 2, a wide bandwidth, as suitable gain, and directivity enabling this antenna to be a suitable and promising sensor for PD detection on power transformers.

This paper describes the designing of a highly efficient and compact micro-strip patch array antenna for wireless communication.The antenna array is designed to transmit at 2.4 GHz frequency (ISM band). The main contribution of the paper is the integration of meta-materials with a ‘U-shape’ slotted rectangular micro-strip patch antenna, in order to achieve high gain and enhance the beam directivity. Implementation of meta-material in this application embellishes the performance of the antenna, because it encompasses exceptional properties. Since meta-materials are not found in nature, they are required to be designed cautiously, in order to achieve negative permittivity (μ) and permeability (σ). Overall, the designed antenna offers augmented bandwidth, improved gain and a more concentrated beam-width. Hence, this paper provides a detailed comparison between the designed rectangular micro-strip patch antenna with the same antenna designed using meta-materials.

In this paper, Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna has been designed for different substrate heights and dielectric constants of substrate. This paper proposes a new generation of antenna that applies Meta material properties at ground Plane. The paper analyzes the performance of Micro strip Patch Antenna with and without using the Meta material structure. Effect of bandwidth due to change of substrate height and dielectric constant have been investigated. Finally, bandwidth for each substrate height and dielectric constant is measured for selecting the optimal patch antenna.

In this paper, we have achieved an efficient rectangular patch antenna with optimized parameters by using MATLAB. The proposed antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile which is mounted on a flat surface. It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or patch of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. A resonant frequency of 3 GHz is achieved with improved parameters like high return loss, Low VSWR, High directivity & gain, High efficiency. So the proposed antenna can be suitable for the radio astronomy & space research applications.

In this paper, a novel Evolutionary Computing named Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) based ANN model is developed for rectangular MPA (Microstrip patch antenna). Considering at-hand and Nextgeneration Ultra wideband application demands, the emphasis has been made on retaining optimal lowcost design with desired cut-off frequency. The proposed method employs multiple sets of theoreticallydriven training instances or patch antenna design parameters which have been processed for normalization and sub-sampling to achieve a justifiable and reliable sample size for further design parameter prediction. Procedurally, the input design parameters were processed for normalization followed by sub-sampling to give rise to a sufficient set of inputs to perform knowledge-driven (designparameter) prediction. Considering limitations of the major at-hand machine learning methods which often undergo local minima and convergence while training, we designed a state-of-art new Adaptive Genetic Algorithm based neuro-computing model (AGA-ANN), which helped to predict the set of optimal design parameters for rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The predicted patch antenna length and width values were later used for verification which achieved the expected frequency. The depth analysis revealed that a rectangular patch antenna with width 14.78 mm, length 11.08mm, feed-line 50 Ω can achieve the cut-off frequency of 8.273 GHz, which can be of great significance for numerous UWB applications.

Left Handed Metamaterial are the artificial material having negative value of refractive index thus following left hand property. Miniaturization is one of the best advantages offered by metamaterial. The paper presents the ideas about the use of metamaterials in innovative antenna designs from an engineering perspective. In the previous work, an eight shaped left handed metamaterial was designed with the help of FR4 substrate having μr = −4 and er = −2 at 1.8 GHz. Present work includes the use of previously designed structure as a base substrate for rectangular microstrip patch antenna for size minimization and characteristics improvement. The traditionally designed antenna resonates at 1.8 GHz with −12 dB return loss with low cost FR4 as a base substrate on the other hand metamaterial loaded layer antenna resonates at 1.8 GHz with −34 dB return loss. By adding left-handed metamaterial return loss has been improved and the effective volume of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna is also shortened by 71% and 47% reduction was applied to the base substrate of the patch antenna. Line feeding technique is used for the excitation of the proposed antenna. The process of designing and simulation is done using CST Microwave Studio 2010 and MATLAB is used for the retrieval of complex dielectric parameters using NRW (Nicholson Ross-weir) approach. The fundamental parameters of the antenna such as return loss, Bandwidth, gain, radiation pattern are obtained and are compared with the traditionally designed antenna.

A Microstrip Patch antenna for radar application is presented. There is a variety of shapes available for Microstrip patch antenna. In this paper, conventional shapes like Rectangular, Triangular and Circular Microstrip patch antenna are designed and analyzed. The antenna is designed to resonate at X-band frequency. The X-band frequency range lies between 8 to 12 Gigahertz and are widely used in radar applications. The substrate used by the antenna is the low cost FR4 (Flame Retardant) Epoxy. The Ansoft HFSS (High Frequency Structural Simulator) Version 12 software is used to analyze the results of different shapes of Microstrip patch antenna. The parameters like return loss, bandwidth, gain and directivity are compared and discussed in this paper.