Designing a Smart City Internet of Things Platform with Microservice Architecture

The concept of "smart cities" The Internet of Things (IoT) is a multi-layered framework that allows cities to employ urban networks to enhance economic performance, generate innovative technological solutions, and more. Smart Cities are the result of a new age in information technology and smart economy growth, based on Internet mesh networks, communication networks, transmission networks, wireless networks, and other end-to-end sensor networks. The Internet of Things (IoT) is at the heart of it. The Internet of Things incorporates sensors into common things and links them through particular protocols for sharing data and communications over the Internet. Smart detection leads, location, monitoring, and administration are all provided by this modular architecture. A smart city of excellence must overcome three main factors: instrumented, linked, and intelligent, with the help of IoT technology. At this point of IoT development, smart cities can only arise through the interconnectedness of all of these smart elements. The goal of this essay is to learn how the Internet and sensors may assist in the development of smart cities.
 The study's main goal is to figure out how the Internet of Things, or IoT, is being used in smart cities. We also want to establish the necessity for IoT systems in these smart cities, as well as the issues that they may pose to individuals and society, via the research.
 Review secondary research papers, reviews, dissertations, and online documents from the EBSCO, Scopus, and Emerald databases to analyse and comprehend the usage of IoT in smart cities and the possible problems that its implementation may provide in order to accomplish the following goals.
 Municipal requirements are getting more complicated, necessitating the adoption of new technology like the Internet of Things to ensure that all of these cities' duties are completed. Although more cities are becoming smart via the usage of IoT in a number of businesses, the study shows that this IoT system is also creating worries about the security of citizens' data.

The Internet of Things (IoT) will be used in future smart cities to connect and manage a wide range of diverse, heterogeneous systems that rely on actual data. It will be exceedingly difficult to control IoT-based digital services without a specified architecture because of the vast array of devices, 5G technologies, and AI-based services. This chapter focuses on defining and designing IoT systems for smart cities that will be utilized by different application domains. The proposed system would leverage the most cutting-edge communication technology to enable numerous value-added services provided by the city administration and by the inhabitants. The Smart City (SC) IoT model will support the SC vision of the Indian and other governments. Thus, this chapter offers a thorough analysis of the future technical architecture, protocols, and enabling technologies for Internet of Things-based smart cities. The technical solutions for future AI and ML-based applications will also be covered in this chapter as a best practice for any SC project.

Internet of Things (IoT) "The smart city concept has become a dream that big cities in Indonesia want to achieve, basically the smart city concept focuses on developing the human element using technology. IoT opens up many opportunities for new services by connecting the physical world and the virtual world to various electronic devices. IoT aims to leverage cutting-edge technology to support sustainable services for governments and their citizens. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is one method in conducting an overview of previous interrelated researchers. The purpose of the literature study in this research is to understand trending research topics, methods, and architecture in the development of smart cities with IoT. In this study, various interesting information was found in various research journals regarding the role of IoT in building a smart city that has a role to serve smart city infrastructure, identify and analyze trends, develop smart cities and become innovations for IoT. Based on the research, there are things that need to be done to improve the study to focus more on the role of IoT that can be more utilized. IoT is also one of the technologies that are widely used in several countries in the development of IoT in the future. IoT in smart cities will become an inseparable technology because humans will increasingly depend on IoT in their daily lives

Cloud computing technologies are being used highly successfully in large-scale businesses. Therefore, it is useful for governments to adopt cloud-driven multi-channel, and multiple devices to offer their services such as e-tax, e-vote, e-health, etc. Since these applications require open, flexible, interoperable, collaborative, and integrated architecture, service-oriented architecture approach can be usefully adopted to achieve flexibility and multi-platform and multi-channel integration. However, its adoption needs to be systematic, secure, and privacy-driven. In this context, micro services architecture (MSA), a direct offshoot of SOA, is also a highly attractive mechanism for building and deploying enterprise-scale applications. This chapter proposes a systematic framework for cloud e-government services based on the cloud software engineering approach and suggests a cloud adoption model for e-government, leveraging the benefits of MSA patterns. The proposed model is based on a set of evaluated application characteristics that, in turn, support emerging IT-based technologies.

Initially, the concept of Smart Cities (urban settlement) originated from the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, however, the use of IoT technology can be extended to the concept of Smart Villages (rural settlement) as well, improving the life of the villagers, and the communities as a whole. Yet, the rural settlements have slightly different requirements than the urban like settlements. If application of IoT in Smart Cities can be characterized by densification of IoT to day-to-day life, following cities’ structural characteristics of being densely settled places, IoT empowered Smart Villages are usually a system of dispersion and deficiency. In this manner, this research paper will address and discuss different application areas of IoT technology, identifying differences, but also similarities in both ecosystems, while trying to illuminate the standardization efforts that can be applicable in both contexts. In our text we will propose the following IoT application domains, which will also serve as a base for research on smart villages: 1. Natural Resources and Energy, 2. Transport and Mobility, 3. Smart Building, 4. Daily Life, 5. Government, and 6. Economy and Society. By providing an overview of technical solutions that support smart solutions in Smart Cities and Smart Villages this research paper will evaluate how, with IoT empowered Smart Villages and Smart Cities, an overall improvement of quality of life of their inhabitants can be achieved.

Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data have played a significant role in the development and sustainability of Smart Cities. They are the backbones of Smart Cities' efforts to connect human resources, social capital, and ICT infrastructure to address public challenges, achieve sustainable development and improve people's standard of life. It helps Smart Cities improve public services, such as water management, healthcare, education, security issues, transportation, energy usage, and other community to achieve a better life. Big Data helps to analyze, store and back-ups a massive amount of data generated in smart cities in seconds day by day. For this matter, different analytical tools are employed, such as data analytics, machine learning, statistics, and data mining. Even though there are many benefits offered to smart cities; the Smart Cities encounters challenges that need to be addressed. Many of these challenges focus on security and privacy, infrastructures and operational and handling massive data. This paper describes the overview of IoT, Big Data, and Smart Cities. The Applications of IoT and Smart Cities were also discussed; the features of Smart Cities and Big Data; Different challenges of IoT, Big Data, and Smart Cities are described. Also, the proposed research work has presented the relationship between IoT and Big Data to Smart Cities; the role of IoT and Big Data in smart cities was identified; finally, the future directions for IoT and Big Data regarding Smart Cities are discussed.

Numerous fields have wide range of applications regarding Internet of Things (IoT) specially smart cities. Due to increasing day to day growth in number of applications, there is exponential rise in requirement of IoT devices. IoT network is becoming complex persistently which brings the significant challenge to the robustness of network topology. IoT is the backbone of smart cities due to inter connecting wide range of devices and converting a conventional city to smart city. To improve network topology robustness against targeted, malicious and intentional attacks have become a critical issue. To deal with the problem in this article, Enhanced Angle Sum Operation (EASO) ROSE is presented. Proposed scheme improves the robustness of network topology without effecting node degree distribution and scale-free property. Topology robustness is achieved by degree difference and angle sum operations. Extensive simulation results verify that our proposed scheme efficiently generate scale-free typologies for IoT in smart cities and significantly improve topology robustness against malicious and targeted attacks.

Internet of things (IoT) plays a vital role in present days in developing a sustainable environment. Due to overpopulation, which increases the pressure of using the vehicle on the road, IoT is the best technology to use resources and space effectively. IoT is friendly to the environment, energy efficiency, and public services. This proposed review article provides insight into the application of IoT in smart cities exclusively for traffic requirements. The article also discusses sensor technologies adopted for IoT applications. This paper provides valuable data to implement IoT in smart cities to enhance the technology development in the country.

The growing interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) has prompted a more innovative architectural design approach and evolutionary frameworks to integrate heterogeneous IoT devices better. Edge computing, which provides services close to end-user devices without requiring high-speed Internet connectivity, has become a popular paradigm for reducing network congestion and allowing real-time Internet of Things applications. However, the heterogeneous and resource-constrained edge nodes make it difficult to design edge computing frameworks. However, because the edge computing environment is dynamic, with irregular connections and limited bandwidth, it's critical to deal with the challenge of determining the relative performance of applications deployed in the edge computing paradigm when input traffic, networking protocols, or system software changes. So, this paper explores three software architectures, namely monolithic architecture, microservices architecture (MSA), and service-oriented architecture (SOA), providing a framework for edge computing's many requirements. A comparative analysis of these three software architectures is also covered based on the fundamental characteristics of an edge computing framework.

This article is single-source introduction to the emerging concept of smart cities. It can be used for familiarizing researchers with the vast scope of research possible in this application domain. The smart is primarily concept, and there is still not clear and consistent definition among practitioners and academia. As simplistic explanation, smart is place where traditional networks and services are made more flexible, efficient, and sustainable with the use of information, digital, and telecommunication technologies to improve the city's operations for the benefit of its inhabitants. Smart cities are greener, safer, faster, and friendlier. The different components of smart include smart infrastructure, smart transportation, smart energy, smart health care, and smart technology. These components are what make the cities smart and efficient. Information and communication technology (ICT) are enabling keys for transforming traditional cities into smart cities. Two closely related emerging technology frameworks, the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data (BD), make smart cities efficient and responsive. The technology has matured enough to allow smart cities to emerge. However, there is much needed in terms of physical infrastructure, smart city, the digital technologies translate into better public services for inhabitants and better use of resources while reducing environmental impacts. One of the formal definitions of the smart is the following: connecting the physical infrastructure, the information-technology infrastructure, the social infrastructure, and the business infrastructure to leverage the collective intelligence of the city [4]. Another formal and comprehensive definition is a smart sustainable is an innovative that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operations and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social and environmental aspects [12]. A broad overview of various components needed in smart is depicted in Figure 1. Any combination of various smart components can make cities smart. A need not have all the components to be labeled as smart. The number of smart components depends on the cost and available technology.

All of the objects in the real world are envisioned to be connected and/or represented, through an infrastructure layer, in the virtual world of the Internet, becoming Things with status information. Services are then using the available data from this Internet-of-Things (IoT) for various social and economical benefits which explain its extreme broad usage in very heterogeneous fields. Domain administrations of diverse areas of application developed and deployed their own IoT systems and services following disparate standards and architecture approaches that created a fragmentation of things, infrastructures and services in vertical IoT silos. Coordination and cooperation among IoT systems are the keys to build “smarter” IoT services boosting the benefits magnitude. This article analyses the technical trends of the future IoT world based on the current limitations of the IoT systems and the capability requirements. We propose a hyper-connected IoT framework in which “things” are connected to multiple interdependent services and describe how this framework enables the development of future applications. Moreover, we discuss the major limitations in today’s IoT and highlight the required capabilities in the future. We illustrate this global vision with the help of two concrete instances of the hyper-connected IoT in smart cities and autonomous driving scenarios. Finally, we analyse the trends in the number of connected “things” and point out open issues and future challenges. The proposed hyper-connected IoT framework is meant to scale the benefits of IoT from local to global.

Thanks to rapid technological advances in the Internet of Things (IoT), a smart public safety (SPS) system has become feasible by integrating heterogeneous computing devices to collaboratively provide public protection services. While a service oriented architecture (SOA) has been adopted by IoT and cyber-physical systems (CPS), it is difficult for a monolithic architecture to provide scalable and extensible services for a distributed IoT based SPS system. Furthermore, traditional security solutions rely on a centralized authority, which can be a performance bottleneck or single point failure. Inspired by microservices architecture and blockchain technology, this paper proposes a BLockchain-ENabled Decentralized Microservices Architecture for Smart public safety (BlendMAS). Within a permissioned blockchain network, a microservices based security mechanism is introduced to secure data access control in an SPS system. The functionality of security services are decoupled into separate containerized microservices that are built using a smart contract, and deployed on edge and fog computing nodes. An extensive experimental study verified that the proposed BlendMAS is able to offer a decentralized, scalable and secured data sharing and access control to distributed IoT based SPS system.

Smart cities shall have computerized health services to help the treatment of health issues based on a centralized framework. These computerized healthcare services would involve the patient, medical support staff, and doctors. They would have voice recognition clinical staff management, smart health monitoring devices, smart medical reports, and smart medical treatment based on the internet of things (IoT) and natural language processing (NLP). This chapter shall describe the digital healthcare services in the context of NLP and IoT that would help in the improvement of quality of life for people living in smart cities. The authors shall discuss a possible case study on NLP and IoT in digital healthcare in the smart cities.

Connecting the indispensable roles of IoT and artificial intelligence in smart cities: A survey

In the smart cities, objects can smartly communicate with the people through Internet of Things (IoT). It will make smart cities a greener place by detecting pollution through IoT and environmental sensors. In order to maintain the sustainability of green place in smart cities, the emerging technology, i.e. Green IoT automatically and intelligently makes smart cities sustainable in a collaborative manner. Governments and a lot of organizations around the world are doing a lot of efforts to campaign the importance of the reduction of energy consumption and carbon production as well as emphasize on the Green IoT for smart cities. Various IoT related smart cities architectures are already presented in literature. But this work presents the concept of the “Green IoT” to create a green environment which will apprehend the idea of energy saving in smart cities. In this chapter, design of Green IoT architecture is proposed for smart cites with the focus to reduce energy consumption at each stage and ensure realization of IoT toward green. This proposed Green IoT architecture is based on the cloud based system which reduces the hardware consumption.