Development and Evaluation of an Intuitive Operational Planning Process

This chapter looks into politics and resistance from 1900 until World War I. It considers the notion of segregation to be the bastion of white supremacy. Despite the difficulties of being denied citizenship rights, without recourse to the ballot box, and under constant threat, Black Americans persisted in defending their communities and working to advance their dignity and their rights. During the worst years of Jim Crow, Black Southerners still found ways to sustain and nourish their democratic aspirations. The chapter clarifies that there was no single course of action in responding to Jim Crow; rather resistance had to be according to local circumstances.

A Discrete-Event Simulation Study of Multi-Objective Sales and Operation Planning: A case of Ethiopian Automotive Industry

: The growth of nationalism and fundamentalism in an ever more globalized world economy ensures that cross-cultural interaction will lead to cultural and religious conflicts. Operational commanders that do not consider the operational factors of culture and religion during mission planning and execution invite unintended and unforeseen consequences and mission failure. Current joint doctrine does not provide operational commanders with a comprehensive and structured approach to cultural and religious considerations in the operational planning process. Culture and religion are significant factors that operational commanders must formally consider during operational planning in a more structured and focused manner in order to mitigate possible negative impacts upon plan execution and operational success. Additional staff support for the Combatant Commander, more detailed cultural rules of engagement for mission participants, and modification of Joint Doctrine to include a framework for considering culture and religion during the Commander's Estimate of the Situation (CES) will mitigate the potential negative effects of culture and religion on mission planning and execution.

Regarding the current wide range of complexities, topologies and main characteristics linked to network environments, a large variety of collaborative network configurations can be studied and analysed. Due to the emerging importance for researchers, academia as well as practicioners, this paper focuses on collaborative and non-hierarchical networks. This type of networks are normally characterised by managing the decision-making process in a distributed manner. Hence, the exchange of information and the establishment of collaborative processes and commitments are core activities for the network partners. For this, the main orientation of this paper is, through applying the literature review method, to cover the relevant collaborative processes that SMEs need to consider when they participate in non-hierarchical networks. From the results of the literature reviewed it is determined that under the non-hierarchical network perspective, SMEs may find various difficulties to adopt collaborative processes within an optimal performance. A relevant process is the one related with the operation planning, in which this paper focuses on its collaborative perspective. In this context, and regarding the amount of agreements and standardised processes required, supporting the collaborative operational planning to produce efficient and acceptable solutions for SMEs might become one of the most complex activities to participate in collaborative non-hierarchical networks. The objective of this paper is to address the main barriers regarded the operational planning processes in non-hierarchical networks under a collaborative perspective. Moreover, a conceptual solution based on multi-agent systems is addressed, in which its application to non-hierarchical networks is analysed in order to deal with the operational planning process in collaborative and distributed environments.Keywordsnon-hierarchical networkscollaborative processesdistributed decision makingoperational planning processSMEs

: Operational commanders have been and will be confronted with broad, complex theaters of war. Coordinating medical treatment, patient evacuation, and blood program processes are some of the familiar tasks of the operational commander's surgeon and health service support planning staff. Other aspects of health service support that are not so closely tied to the hospital like medical intelligence and preventive medicine must also be considered and included for in the operational planning process. An additional complexity imposed on military commanders and their medical planners in future conflicts is to monitor and protect military personnel from the effects of chemical, physical and biological hazards encountered in their deployed workplaces. Occupational medicine (including medical surveillance) and industrial hygiene are professions that deal with these issues and will be part of future military operations.

Improving infrastructure, information and communication technologies to significantly increase the use of the Internet is still in use in cyber risks and network threats. Complex movements and new risks and threats systematically paved the way for the language has become a new field of land, air, sea, and space. It is quite clear that the cyber threat is likely to continue to intervene in theaters in the world of cyber year. But sometimes it is difficult to determine, first, column’s Cyber-specific threats—remotely simple computer code into cash Cyber sure that the cyber attacks, cyber terrorism, and industrial espionage. Because, combined with the price of “exponential language and complex cyber attacks, multivariate caused, it becomes a requirement for designers, how to deal with cyber activities and problems in this area in the operational planning process. In this article, we tried to achieve a continuous production flow Cyber in order to understand and visualize complex question of the complexity of cyber crime, and the scope and systematic prevention provide a standard Internet operating model. Disguised as standard, we aim to help designers understand the complex task Cyber demonstrates, the advantage of using the force of gravity analysis of the factors (COG), which is usually dealt with military decision-making (MDMP) at the end of using technicians have an understanding of business planning. Operational cyber proposal will be presented as an example in this study; there are plans to provide a comprehensive Internet-based leader.

Design of a Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process – case study

Goal: This article characterizes the application of the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process in an audiovisual content production industry, whose production model is Engineer-To-Order (ETO), adding important empirical knowledge for S&OP in this production strategy within a unique context. 
 Design / Methodology / Approach: The methodology adopted is based on an exploratory case study. The research adopts a well-known framework to characterize the process observed within the company.
 Results: The findings characterize the S&OP process based on the main components of the context, inputs, structure and process and outcomes / results, demonstrating that, even with the particularities of the industry, S&OP can be a key process to manage the business complexity and to achieve the objectives by the company.
 Limitations of the investigation: This study was based on the observations made in only one company, which is a research limitation towards the generalizability of the findings. Thus, for a deeper understanding of the theme, future research is necessary, expanding the observations to other companies.
 Practical implications: Practitioners can take stock of the S&OP characterization and the lessons learned herein to help to support their S&OP initiatives, especially regarding ETO contexts.
 Originality / Value: This article sought to reduce the research-practice gap in the literature concerning the need for a complete characterization of the S&OP process from empirical researches and the understanding of S&OP application in the ETO production model.

This Collaborative Structures model comprises basic building blocks and elements to support a chain's dynamic execution. This paper presents structures for agricultural supply chain that supports coordination, adapted to situations found in this kind of agricultural supply chain. The model is supported by an architecture where chain elements mapped. A CPFR partnership may include extensive sharing of information, and the use of such information to drive operational planning and product replenishment processes. Model and architecture are motivated by a real case study, we show that the negotiation-based scheme for agricultural collaborative planning can be applied to more complex scenarios and actually allows to further reduce the amount of cost information exchanged between agricultural SC partners.

Proofs of progress properties often require fairness assumptions. Directly incorporating global fairness assumptions in a compositional method is difficult, given the local flavor of such reasoning. We present a fully automated local reasoning algorithm which handles fairness assumptions through a process of iterative refinement. Refinement strengthens local proofs by the addition of auxiliary shared variables which expose internal process state; it is needed as local reasoning is inherently incomplete. Experiments demonstrate that the new algorithm shows significant improvement over standard model checking.

Employing early model-based safety evaluation to iteratively derive E/E architecture design

Revenue management is a complex operational planning process involving predictive and prescriptive analytics. As real-world implementations strongly rely on the joint outcomes from both algorithms and analysts, we consider the revenue management system as an example of symbiotic analytics systems. This paper presents insights from a field study observing a natural experiment in revenue management. As a firm updates its automated revenue management systems, it also updates the related processes and the corresponding organizational structure. We use this opportunity to examine the multilevel use of symbiotic analytics systems based in a field study and explore the implications for the design of future systems. Specifically, we identify two different perspectives on the revenue management process. In the functional view, jobs are organized sequentially with a high degree of system-oriented specialization. The process view organizes jobs in a parallel structure, differentiating two perspectives on demand. Depending on what view the firm implements, different structural fault lines turn the communication and training of analysts into keystones of the planning process. Furthermore, as we point out, even implementing more sophisticated algorithms and redesigning planning processes and organization do not seem to reduce the relevance of human analysts.

As per WHO, in 2023 more than 700 women died every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Early identification and management of high-risk pregnancies are essential for improved maternal and child health outcomes and reduced mortality rates. The study objectives are: (a) To identify the barriers and facilitators in implementing existing national programs and the continuum of care for high-risk pregnant women. (b) To co-develop, optimize and implement a context-specific, scalable, and sustainable model of implementation strategies that will help achieve population-based coverage of high-risk pregnancy identification and management. (c) To evaluate the effect of the optimised and contextualised implementation model on the key performance indicators (d) To document the processes of evolution implementation, adoption, adaptation and fidelity of the implementation model. The study will utilize the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and will be implemented in Nagaur district of Rajasthan, India. The study involves formative research and situational analysis, as well as developing a package of implementation strategies through an iterative process of concurrent implementation, evaluation, and model refinement based on programme learnings. The intervention package will include refresher training of ASHA/ANM workers, strengthened community awareness, and monthly Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan specialist camps. The study is expected to improve the identification and management of high-risk pregnancies and enhance the quality of institutional deliveries by strengthening the continuum of care across all stages of pregnancy. Thus, the study is expected to improve maternal and child health outcomes by developing sustainable strategies for scaling up evidence-based, context-specific interventions. The study will generate a scalable implementation model that can be adopted more widely to streamline high-risk pregnancy care and contribute to long-term improvements in maternal and child health outcomes.

The evaluation of innovative oncology medicines presents significant challenges related to the selection of appropriate clinical endpoints and the sufficiency of evidence, particularly in therapeutic areas, such as immunotherapies, targeted treatments, single-arm trials, and tumor-agnostic therapies. In these contexts, the added value of new treatments is often not adequately captured by traditional clinical trial endpoints, such as overall survival (OS), which remains the gold standard in oncology assessment. This article aims to analyze the main sources of uncertainty in the value assessment of oncology therapies in Spain, with a focus on the limitations of current endpoints and evidence-generation processes, and to provide recommendations for enhancing the recognition and assessment of additional clinical benefit. A multidisciplinary expert panel composed of twelve professionals, including medical oncologists, hospital pharmacists, health economists, and patient representatives, was convened to identify and discuss key sources of uncertainty in the value assessment of oncology treatments, particularly those related to clinical endpoint selection and evidence generation. The panel participated in three structured plenary sessions. Additional external experts were engaged to provide complementary input in areas, such as tumor-specific characteristics and statistical methodology. Consensus statements were developed through an iterative process of discussion, critical appraisal, and refinement across and between sessions. The expert panel issued twelve recommendations to improve value assessment in oncology. These include tailoring clinical endpoints to treatment type, tumor characteristics, and stage; complementing overall survival with milestone analysis and quality-of-life measures; and standardizing real-world evidence collection across the healthcare system. The panel advocated for a national portfolio of prioritized endpoints, appropriate statistical methods by context, and the conditional use of early-phase data for decision-making. Additional recommendations addressed the use of synthetic control arms, flexible reimbursement models, advanced analytics (e.g., AI and Big Data), evaluator expertise, and the promotion of stakeholder training and transparency. Addressing the challenges of clinical endpoint selection and evidence generation is essential to reduce uncertainty in the value assessment of innovative oncology treatments. The twelve expert recommendations outlined in this study provide a structured roadmap to improve methodological consistency, enhance the relevance and robustness of clinical and real-world data, and promote a more adaptive and transparent evaluation framework. These proposals aim to support more evidence-based, equitable, and sustainable decision-making within the Spanish healthcare system, while aligning with broader European initiatives in oncology drug assessment.

The German Lexicon was developed through an iterative process of discussion and refinement, resulting in a lexicon that reflects this process, but which is not final. This chapter outlines the context of education in Germany, the stages in the iterative process, and the challenges the German Lexicon team faced. These challenges include specifying the scope of words to be included, dealing with words that are used as a part of a network of related words, and synonyms and near-synonyms used in different locations and by speakers in different roles. Addressing these challenges shaped the form of the German Lexicon, which currently consists of 65 main terms and 11 additional synonymous terms. Both semantical and literal English translations are provided, as well as detailed descriptions, examples, and non-examples. The terms are listed alphabetically and are also cross-referenced to related terms.We start by explaining our interest in the project and some country-specific features, including recent trends in Germany. Furthermore, we describe our working process concerning the Lexicon project. We justify the methodology by stating the process of creation, evaluation, and further revisions. For a better understanding, we have also added some examples. We finally give a short outlook of how could be further worked with the lexicon.