Development of Resource Conversion Processes Model and Simulation System

The mathematical model of multi agent resource conversion processes (RCP) is developed by the means of discrete-event simulation systems and expert systems. Within the framework of mathematical model RCP are defined: production system of the RCP structure, that taking into account conflicts origin. The discrete-event simulation and expert system "BPsim2" is developed on the basis of the multi agent RCP mathematical model. The "BPsim2" system is inculcated on the firms in Ural region (Russia).

An approach of the resource conversion processes as a model for formalization of the processes occurring in organizational and technical systems is considered. For analysis and optimization of such processes, simulation is widely used. The disadvantage of using computer modeling is the need to formulate such an experiment plan with the model that would contain an optimal control impact. This is impossible without using of additional heuristic or experiments planning methods. Analysis of hybrid heuristic methods for optimizing of the resource conversion processes is presented. These methods integrate simulation modeling and artificial intelligence methods, in particular expert systems, multi-agent and evolutionary modeling. Integration of simulation and heuristic methods for solving the problem considered is confirmed. Application of genetic algorithm for optimizing the controlled parameters of the simulation model or expert system is considered. A hybrid method of using the expert system for solving the problem of optimizing the operation of genetic algorithm is considered. Application of evolutionary modeling for centralized and decentralized coordination of agent behavior in multiagent systems is also considered. A hybrid heuristic method for solving the problem of forming various types of the agent's interactions in the multi-agent systems depending on the relationships of agents to common resources has been analyzed. Choice of the hybrid method for integrating multi-agent simulation and genetic algorithm for solving the problem of optimizing resource conversion processes is substantiated. This method is implemented in the multi-agent genetic optimization information technology in the BPsim. MAS dynamic situations modeling system and in the metallurgical enterprise information automated system.

The article provides a substantiation of the conceptual model of the production process of special forms of dumplings. It is the first stage in the development of a model of this process as a control object. The purpose of which is to form an objective basis for the development of an effective system for automatic process control. The development of the conceptual model presupposes the specification and description of the properties of control channels and acting disturbances to the level of their mathematical model, which can be implemented in a simulation environment. Problems of identification of the mathematical model of the process of the production of dumplings, i. e. obtaining a mathematical description of processes based on the results of its purposeful experimental research, due to its complexity as a control object.The experimental approach, in this case, gives much more reliable results on the properties of the process. An attempt to obtain such general properties on the basis of experimental data would inevitably lead to the need for very complex and lengthy multifactorial experiments and nontrivial procedures for their processing. But this will leave open the question of the adequacy of the model for those conditions of the process and types of raw materials that were not covered by the experiments. Fundamentally important is the fact that the mathematical model of the process is developed as a model of the control object.Model can be used in two ways. This is due to the fact that in the closed circuits of the SAC, the discrepancy between the models can be considered as a manifestation of uncontrolled coordinate and parametric disturbances. It is in conditions of this kind of disturbances that the SAC must fulfill its functional purpose. The developed mathematical model of the production process of special forms of dumplings will be used by us only in the direction, when it is of great importance not so much quantitative as its qualitative correspondence to the original object.

Vehicle movement may critically influence ride comfort, so reliable analysis and simulation systems are needed in the design of a vehicle-occupant system. In order to predict the performance of a vehicle-occupant system, it is necessary to consider the vehicle and the occupant as a dynamically coupled oscillation. This paper is concerned with theoretical analysis and verification of the simulation system of vehicle-occupant dynamic interaction. The mathematical model has twelve degrees of freedom : a vehicle model with four masses is six degrees of freedom, and an occupant model with four masses, the hinged beam model, six degrees of freedom. The random roughness of an actual highway surface has been taken into account in the simulation system. Simulated results almost agreed with experimental values. This simulation system can be used as a tool to investigate the effects of physical variables that influence automobile seat ride comfort. The effects of seat characteristics, stable posture of seat system for passengers, and engine shake on human dynamic behavior can be investigated.

An optimized design of a matrix treatment involves fluid selection and acidizing simulations to predict the outcome of the treatment; Many matrix acidizing treatment designs and fluid selections have been successfully accomplished by utilizing expert system technology. However, none of these present a complete and optimized result (i.e., by utilizing the output of the expert system to predict the acidizing outcome using an acidizing numerical simulator). In the meantime, several acidizing computer simulation studies have been conducted separately. This paper presents a study which integrates the treatment design, particularly the fluid selection process, and acidizing simulation for sandstone formations. Required parameters for sandstone acidizing such as acid type, concentration, volume, and injection rate/pressure are first selected using an expert system. The output from the expert system is further used for the input to an acidizing numerical simulator (UTACID). A new sandstone acidizing reaction model, appropriate for a high-temperature environment, and anisotropic medium have been implemented into UTACID to enhance the performance of the simulator. The expert system and the simulator have been integrated to provide an optimization tool for sandstone acidizing treatment design and simulation.

Purpose of the study.The aim is to create a technique targeted at the development of simulation skills in higher education environment, where students are competent in applying information technologies in economics. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the existing methodological developments often focus on a specific software tool or methodology that cannot respond to all economic problems. A specialist in simulation modeling should possess integrative interdisciplinary knowledge from related scientific fields, for example, probability theory and mathematical statistics, higher mathematics, be familiar with other methods of solving economic problems: linear, nonlinear, dynamic programming, optimization; show proficiency in structural and functional analysis; be able to explore complex processes and systems comprehensively.Materials and methods.The following pedagogical approaches and teaching methods were implemented in this research: ● a systematic approach to solving complex problems based on the modelling economic objects as systems operating in a certain environment, ● activity approach to develop students’ professional competences in the process of creation, debugging and optimization of computer models of economic systems; ● problem teaching method in the framework of research and analysis of educational problems of the subject area; ● implemented interactive teaching methods; ● multimedia methods in the content of teaching materials of the discipline, including electronic manuals, educational videos, as well as multimedia presentations. The research also utilized information technologies, in which computers, communication equipment and software environments are: ● means to provide educational material to students for the transfer of knowledge; ● tools for designing, developing and conducting simulation experiments. In addition, we used the following special professional technologies, methods and tools in the process of teaching students: ● structural and functional modeling methodology; ● discrete-event approach to simulation methodology; ● special software for development and research of simulation models of economic processes and systems: Arena 15.0, AnyLogic 8.3.2.According to the requirements of the new educational standards, the student must master a sufficiently large amount of general cultural, professional and specialized competencies included in the curriculum. The application of the proposed approaches and methods allows to provide effective development of skills of simulation modeling of educational programs for bachelors of «Applied Informatics» and «Business Informatics».Results.The study created a method of teaching students the skills of simulation modeling. The research also established the model of formation of readiness of the IT specialist to the development of simulation models of economic processes and systems in higher school. We also identified important methodological conditions for the formation of professional competencies of students in the field of modeling, such as: ● application of a systematic approach to the analysis of domain problems, as well as for the synthesis of mathematical simulation models of business processes and economic systems; ● practical orientation of the content of training (selection and research in the educational process of the most characteristic, typical problems of the economy); ● integration of interdisciplinary knowledge, methods and approaches to solve complex problems.Conclusion.The method can equip students with skills of simulation modeling with various areas of practical application. First, this technique can be used by university students who are engaged in pursuing practical skills and basic system knowledge in the field of simulation. Secondly, teachers can use it, conducting courses: “Computer modeling”, “Mathematical and simulation modeling”, “Modeling of processes and systems” in the educational process of the University to improve the professional competence of students training simulation modeling. Third, the outcomes may be of interest to managers of educational programs in the areas of: “Applied Informatics”, “Business Informatics”, etc. to improve the structure and sequence of disciplines of competence-oriented curricula. Finally, the application of the proposed methodology in the educational process of the University will enhance professional expertise of young specialists and undoubtedly address the needs of potential employers.

Mathematical models of competitive processes in the economy using known universal models that describe the behavior of counterparties in the market are found in this article. The object of research is to build mathematical models of competitive processes in a pair – secondhand dealer, and to process and convert the economic parameters that are necessary for the models. The methods of research use analysing and solving equations for the known and improved universal models that describe the behaviour of contractors in the market. Mathematical package for construction of schedules of dependences is used. The goals are to construct and research the modified model on the basis of mathematical model by Lotka- Volterra and its further development, and to create software product for statistical processing the economic information. Results – the mathematical model manufacturer – secondhand dealer is created, its modified version is received, and with the help of mathematical package Mathcad, researches of models were done. Prospects of the further improvement of models are revealed. The software product is developed, allowing to process the statistical economic information. On the basis of mathematical model by Lotka-Volterra and its further development a mathematical model of several producers and one middleman is created. Its modified version is studied using mathematical package Mathcad. The nonstable behavior of the counterparties is found. For this model some prospects for further improvements is identified.

The article describes the structure of the computer simulation system for steel-smelting process control in the electric arc furnace. The basis of the computer system is a mathematical model of the electric steel-smelting process. The algorithm for solving mathematical model equations defines the rational electric mode of the arc furnace, the values of productivity and specific energy consumption. The computer simulation system allows increasing the energy efficiency of the process, the reliability of the servicing mechanisms and the durability of the thermal unit lining. The computer simulation system designed to improve the professional level of management and production metallurgical personnel. The use of the computer simulation system at metallurgical enterprises allows for safe and rational control of the steel-smelting process in an electric arc furnace.

In this work a new nonlinear mathematical model of process of three level assimilation which is described by four-dimensional dynamic systems is offered. In case of constancy of coefficients special points of the dynamic system are found. The conditions on constant coefficients for which it is possible to find special points with all four coordinates non-negative are determined. Introducing some dependence among coefficients of the system, two first integrals are derived, and the four-dimensional system is reduced to a two-dimensional one.The sign-variable divergence theorem of a two-dimensional vector field in some one-coherent area of the first quadrant of the phase plane is proved. According to Bendixon’s criterion it is possible to have a closed integral curve completely lying in this area.Introduction. Mathematical modeling of physical processes has a long history. Mathematical modeling of physical processes involves the model adequacy, which is validated by Newton’s non-relative five laws of classical mechanics: mass conservation law; law of conservation of impulse; the law of conservation the momentum of impulse; the first law of thermodynamics, i.e. energy conservation law; the second law of thermodynamics, i.e. entropy conservation law [, , , , ].Creation of mathematical models is more original in social sphere, because, they are more difficult to substantiate [, , ].We created a new direction of mathematical modeling, i.e. “Mathematical Modeling of Information Warfare” [, , ]. In these models two antagonistic sides waging with each other information warfare and also the third peacekeeping side trying to extinguish information warfare are considered. Conditions on model parameters at which the third side will be able to force the conflicted sides to completion of information warfare are found.We also offered mathematical models of forecasting the results of political elections in case of two or three parties. Also models in case of change of selective subjects before the next elections have been considered [, , , , ].We proposed to create new nonlinear mathematical models of economic cooperation between two politically (not military opposition) mutually warring sides (two countries or a country and its legal region) which consider economic or other type of cooperation between different parts of population aimed to the peaceful resolution of conflicts [, ].Taking into consideration the important tendencies in the world, it is important to study demographic and assimilation of social processes through mathematical modeling.In [] we considered a new nonlinear continuous mathematical model of linguistic globalization. Two categories of the world’s population are considered: a category that hinders and a category leading to the dominant position of the English language. With a positive demographic factor of the population, which prevents globalization or a negative demographic factor of the population contributing to globalization, it is shown that the dynamic systems describing these processes allow the existence of two topologically not equivalent phase portraits (a stable node, a limit cycle).It is known that, in the world, a social process of assimilation of languages is hidden. This process, as a rule, considers expansion of an area of the dominating languages (state languages of economically powerful states) at the expenses of less widespread languages (state languages economically of rather weak states).According to this point of view, today, for less widespread languages (including classic languages) the conditions under which there will be no disappearance of the major languages are important, i.e. there will be no full assimilation of people talking in these languages.

The paper focuses on discussion on the method of integration of simulation models used within the enterprise information system. The integration problem is presented on one sample class of models – the real time models that are used in control, diagnostics and decision making processes. The suggested method is based on multi-agent approach with distributed knowledgeable agents. The dynamic model consists in the multi-agent resource conversion process model that supports multi-approach modeling, including discrete-event, agent-based, queuing systems. To substantiate suggested technical decision of the integration module existing message brokers were analyzed. The subject area ontology is presented. It is used for semantic data integration that is required for simulation modeling of technological processes, business processes and logistical processes. In order to achieve a cross-platform system Java language is used for development. Keywords-Simulation; Agent-based modelling; Model integration; Resource conversion processes

The article explores the vital subject of optimizing business process management, which is essential for enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. The study evaluates various perspectives, including economic, engineering, and managerial aspects, and underscores the importance of mathematical models over descriptive models in achieving precise and effective optimization. Descriptive models, despite their widespread use, do not guarantee optimal outcomes. The article emphasizes the need for mathematical models to accurately optimize business processes, considering various criteria and constraints. This approach aims to address the limitations of current descriptive models and advocates for the development of specific mathematical models to manage business process optimization under uncertainty. Key findings reveal that optimization in business process management has a significant impact on enterprise efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness. The process approach, which concentrates on enhancing individual business processes, is highlighted as a crucial paradigm in modern management. The research calls for further investigations to develop mathematical models that can deliver more reliable and precise optimization results, especially in uncertain conditions. In conclusion, the article supports the transition from descriptive to mathematical models in optimizing business process management to achieve maximum efficiency and competitiveness in enterprises. Future research will focus on developing mathematical optimization models for business processes, particularly those related to new product development under uncertain conditions. This shift is anticipated to offer more accurate and effective solutions for optimizing business processes in a dynamic and unpredictable business environment. Furthermore, the article highlights the need for continuous development and application of mathematical approaches to ensure that business processes are optimized effectively. It stresses the importance of incorporating various optimization criteria and constraints to achieve the best possible outcomes. By transitioning to mathematical models, businesses can better navigate the complexities and uncertainties inherent in today's competitive landscape, leading to improved performance and sustainable growth.

As it is known, one of the initial and important stages in the creation of optimal control systems of oil refining technological units is the development of a mathematical model that can adequately record the processes at any time. The operative and accurate measurement of all input and output variables is one of the important conditions in the development of a mathematical model of technological processes. Studies have shown that the lack of information about the state of complex oil refining processes in many cases reduces their efficiency and effectiveness. On the other hand, the wide range of both quality and quantity of raw materials for processing makes their efficiency even more unsatisfactory. Under these conditions, it is difficult to develop mathematical models that can adequately describes the static modes of technological processes; the development of mathematical models is relevant both in scientific and practical terms. A priori information required on input and output variables during normal operation of the technological complex in order to implement mathematical models identification for the vacuum block of the oil refining process unit is provided in the article. On the basis of this static information, mathematical dependencies were constructed between the variables characterizing the static mode of technological processes and the adequacy of the obtained mathematical models was confirmed through the statistical apparatus In order to solve the problems, the research was determined to be able adequately describe the current technological conditions, which can quickly adapt to current technological situations and ensure the production of oil fractions with relatively stable quality, regardless of the disturbing effects of the system

Conceptual model is considered to be essential in simulation development activities. However, there are only a few research studies on how to develop conceptual models, the problems of model's low reusability and lacking management are presented in the conceptual model's development of simulation system. To solve the above problems, the concept of conceptual model (MCM) is presented for realizing the conceptual model's abstract in the higher arrangement. The ontology conception is introduced to design the MCM, and the MCM's architecture and modeling process are given too. By mapping the MCM to conceptual model (CM), the conceptual model's modeling process is realized. Finally, the method is applied in the conceptual model's modeling of equipment support simulation system, and the better validation is obtained. Conceptual Model. Meta means overtaking or basic, which often be used with other nouns such as language, model and data. The concepts of language, model and data are formed. When developing the conceptual models of some specific domains, the meta may be used before CM, and the concept of conceptual model (MCM) is presented. In brief, MCM is the model of CM and has the higher abstract degree. By using the MOF (Meta Object Facility) for reference (3), the four levels MCM architecture is presented, which is shown in Table 1. Table 1 MCM's Architecture

The article presents the results of a study aimed at creating a mathematical model of thermodynamic processes in the intake manifold of a forced diesel engine, taking into account the features of simultaneous injection of fuel and water into the collector. In the course of the study, the tasks of developing a mathematical model were solved, it was implemented in the existing software for component simulation “Internal combustion engine research and development” (ICE RnD), created using the Modelica language, and verification was undertaken using the results of bench tests of diesel engines with injection fuel and water into the intake manifold. The mathematical model is based on a system of equations for the energy and mass balances of gases and includes detailed mathematical submodels of the processes of simultaneous evaporation of fuel and water in the intake manifold; it takes into account the effect of the evaporation of fuel and water on the parameters of the gas state in the intake manifold; it takes into account the influence of the state parameters of the working fluid in the intake manifold on the physical characteristics of fuel and water; it meets the principles of component modeling, since it does not contain parameters that are not related to the simulated component; it describes the process of simultaneous transfer of vapors and non-evaporated liquids between components; and it does not include empirical relationships requiring data on the dynamics of fuel evaporation under reference conditions. According to the results of a full-scale experiment, the adequacy of the mathematical model developed was confirmed. This model can be used to determine the rational design parameters of the fuel and water injection system, the adjusting parameters of the forced diesel engine that provide the required power, and economic indicators, taking into account the limitations on the magnitude of the mechanical and thermal loads of its parts.

This monograph reviews and examines the theoretical background and literature published so far for the mathematical modeling and simulation of the rubber vulcanization process. This work has been organized in the following way. First, an introductory section is given, which provides a brief overview of the topic and the aim and scope of the paper. Then, it goes on to give a comprehensive overview of the historical background up to present state. It is tried here not only to consider rubber vulcanization process, but the curing of other thermoset polymers are examined. The third section presents the mathematical modeling of the curing process and focuses on four key items including heat transfer governing equations, thermal properties of rubbers and their measurements, kinetics of the curing reaction and solution methodology. In this part, the details of the solution methods for the governing equations and also different types of kinetics of curing reactions are studied. The fourth section presents the findings of some research works carried out in this field, which is divided into two subsections as tires and non-tires applications. A brief summary on the presented work and some suggestions for future research are introduced in the fifth section, and finally the bibliography of this review is given.