DREAMER

The aim of the current studies in this field of research is the development of intelligent and interactive services and systems which will provide users with personalised support. In order to develop these systems and fulfil the intended requirements it is necessary to identify which factors define an intelligent and interactive system - not only from the scientific and developing perspective but mainly from the perspective of the prospective users. The interaction and the perceived as well as the projected qualities of an object will determine the personal benefit and impact on behaviour which a system will have as the user adjusts and interacts with this system based on the mental representations formed before and while interacting with the system. In order to assure that the expectations of the user are met by the technology and thereby facilitate and reinforce the mental representations and models regarding the functioning, meaning and personal link with the technology the behaviour and personality of the user need to be carefully profiled.

Reading is very important to access knowledge. Reading skills starts during preschool level no matter of the types of languages. At present, there are many preschool children who are still unable to recognize letters or even words. This leads to the difficulties in reading. Therefore, there is a need of intervention in reading to overcome such problems. Thus, technologies were adapted in enhancing learning skills, especially in learning to read among the preschool children. Phonological is one of the factors to be considered to ensure a smooth of transition into reading. Phonological concept enables the first learner to easily learn reading such to learn reading Malay language. The medium of learning to read Malay language can be assisted via the supportive of multimedia technology to enhance the preschool children learning. Thus, an interactive system is proposed via a development of interactive reading Malay language learning system, which is called as I-ReaMaLLS. As a part of the development of I-ReaMaLLS, this paper focus on the development of conceptual framework in developing interactive reading Malay language learning system (I-ReaMaLLS). I-ReaMaLLS is voice based system that facilitates the preschool learner in learning reading Malay language. The conceptual framework of developing I-ReaMaLLS is conceptualized based on the initial study conducted via methods of literature review and observation with the preschool children, aged 5 – 6 years. As the result of the initial study, research objectives have been affirmed that finally contributes to the design of conceptual framework for the development of I-ReaMaLLS.

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 4th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems -- EICS'12 held in Copenhagen (25--28 June 2012). EICS is an international conference devoted to all aspects of engineering usable and effective interactive computing systems. Topics of interest include multi-device interactive systems, new and emerging modalities (e.g., gesture), entertaining applications (e.g., mobile and ubiquitous games), safety critical systems (e.g. medical devices), and design and development methods (e.g., extreme programming). EICS focuses on tools, techniques and methods for designing and developing interactive systems. The conference brings together people who study or practice the engineering of interactive systems, drawing from Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Software Engineering, Requirements Engineering, Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), Ubiquitous & Pervasive Systems, Game Development, and Cognitive Engineering communities. The conference is the legatee of a number of conferences and workshops series: EHCI (Engineering Human Computer Interaction), DSV-IS (International Workshop on the Design, Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems), CADUI (International Conference on Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces) and TAMODIA (International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams). Since its beginning EICS has witnessed a growing number of submissions. This year the program contains 21 full papers carefully chosen from a total of 95 submissions (22% acceptance rate). There are also 12 late breaking papers (five of which presented as posters) as well as a number of doctoral reports, workshop reports, tutorial abstracts and demonstration descriptions. The published material originates from 15 countries, including New Zealand, North and South America, and Europe. In addition, keynote addresses will be offered by Robert Jacob (Tufts University, USA) and Jakob Bardram (IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark). We believe that for this fourth EICS edition we obtained an exciting and interactive program, which stimulates fruitful discussion in the relevant research fields. Topics range from model-based approaches to the design, analysis and generation of user interfaces, to toolkits supporting their development. A diversity of interaction styles and application areas is covered including multimodal, multidevice or multi-touch interfaces, ubiquitous computing, and health. We hope that you will find this year program interesting and thought provoking. The symposium aims to provide you with a valuable opportunity to share ideas with other researchers and practitioners from institutions around the world. We also wish the best to the next edition, EICS 2013 to be held in London, UK, in June 2013.

The MPS for Software reference model (MR-MPSSW) is one of the models currently used in Brazilian industry. This software process capability maturity (SPCM) model describes Software Engineering (SE) practices that are applied in the software development by the use of approaches (such as methods, techniques and so on). The Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community has defined specific approaches (methods, techniques, patterns, and standards) for the conception, design, implementation, and evaluation of interactive systems development. Nevertheless, the literature points out that those approaches are not sufficiently used in industry. Taking advantage of the large use of SPCM models, we have identified HCI approaches that could support SPCM practices related to five processes (Requirements Development, Design and Construction of the Product, Product Integration, Verification and Validation) advocated by the MR-MPS-SW. Analyzing the HCI literature and MR-MPS-SW, we identified a set of HCI approaches for interactive systems development. We interviewed twenty HCI experts to validate and improve this initial set. Thus, we identified 14 HCI categories with examples of methods, techniques, patterns, and standards adequate for performing SE practices of the MR-MPS-SW when developing interactive systems.

Factors such as app stores or platform choices heavily affect functional and non-functional mobile app requirements. We surveyed 45 companies and interviewed ten experts to explore how factors that impact mobile app requirements are understood by requirements engineers in the mobile app industry. We observed the lack of knowledge in several areas. For instance, we observed that all practitioners were aware of data privacy concerns, however, they did not know that certain third-party libraries, usage aggregators, or advertising libraries also occasionally leak sensitive user data. Similarly, certain functional requirements may not be implementable in the absence of a third-party library that is either banned from an app store for policy violations or lacks features, for instance, missing desired features in ARKit library for iOS made practitioners turn to Android. We conclude that requirements engineers should have adequate technical experience with mobile app development as well as sufficient knowledge in areas such as privacy, security and law, in order to make informed decisions during requirements elicitation.

Requirements Engineering (RE) is the area of softwa re engineering that deals with the discovery and specification of the objectives for the system unde r development and the environment in which it is us ed including the human activities it supports. Require ment Elicitation is process of gathering requiremen ts from stakeholders. Incorporating RE to identify non Functional Requirements (NFR) in early stages of design and implementation avoids ambiguities, confl icting requirement and other defects. The efficacy of the requirement engineering methodology is its abil ity to capture NFR in an efficient manner. In this study, we propose a novel method of elicitation using mobi le multimedia and to automatically trace the NFR. T he requirements description is captured in video using smart phones. Requirement document are prepared using voice to text converter. NFR is detected auto matically from the requirement document and hand gestures emphasise the importance of the requirement. It is observed that the precision and recall of the class ifiers is better using multimedia data. Features were extract ed from video frame and audio using image processing technique and speech processing. We investigated data mining approach to identify Non Functional Requirements (NFR) from Functional Requirement (FR) Documents. Results obtained were satisfactory.

As Machine Learning (ML) becomes ever more ubiquitous, it is critical to increase the rigor of design and testing. In traditional software, this is done using the Requirements Engineering (RE) process, but RE looks different for ML because it is data-centric. There are different Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) and standard testing techniques do not apply. While there are standards for verifying NFRs in traditional software, there is no standard measurement for ML NFRs, e.g. how is a model verified to meet an explainability NFR? In traditional software, NFRs are decomposed into Functional Requirements (FRs), but without clear measurements for ML NFRs, their decomposition into FRs is nearly impossible. However, recently, research has shown that provenance can help improve model transparency and reproducibility. This work builds on such literature and suggests provenance as a lower-level NFR to connect high-level NFRs, e.g. explainability and transparency, and FRs, thereby enabling concrete model verification based on requirement specifications. This work examines types of ML provenance and their use in decomposing model NFRs into verifiable FRs, thereby better aligning ML development with RE and increasing the rigor of ML testing. This paper aggregates current literature on provenance for ML and provides a method of measurement for otherwise unquantifiable NFRs. This work also analyzes trends in how provenance can decompose various ML NFRs and future directions for the field.

User Software Engineering is a methodology supported by automated tools for the development of interactive information systems. The specification process decomposes the system into user-program dialogue, database definition, and formal and informal description of system operations. Evolution of the specification is supported by tools for rapid construction of prototype versions of the system, and the resulting specification is easily transformed into the programming language PLAIN. This paper gives an overview of the USE development process, illustrating it with a development dictionary example.

With the outbreak of information technology, software development companies provide personalized and comprehensive software systems for users' needs, providing many conveniences to their lives. As the basis of software development, requirements run through the whole process of software or system development and determine the quality of software projects. Requirements traceability is applicable to a variety of development scenarios and optimizes the development process. Establishing a complete requirements traceability can effectively speed up the development process and reduce development problems, which has important practical significance. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of requirements traceability and facilitate the display of traceability results, an entry traceability algorithm based on requirement knowledge graph is proposed. The model uses BERT+BiLSTM+CRF to extract entities to form triples, and uses the pointer generation network to supplement the entries lacking titles to form the knowledge graph. Combining the theory in complex networks, the importance of entities is sorted, and the similarity between entities in the document knowledge graph is calculated by restarting random walk algorithm. Extract subgraphs related to the target entry according to the characteristics of the nodes and a breadth-first algorithm. Finally, the graph kernel method in the graph matching algorithm is used to calculate the structural similarity and entity similarity between the related entry and the target entry, and determine the relationship. Through the experimental analysis of real requirements documents, the results show that the method can quickly and accurately trace the requirements of the set of input entries.

Since the late 1990s, agile or lightweight software development methodologies have experienced a meteoric rise of interest among systems developers who consider traditional systems development methodologies (such as Structured Systems Development, Information Engineering, and Rational Unified Process) too inflexible for building systems having unpredictable and changing requirements. Agile methodologies try to adapt to rapid requirement changes by having short, iterative development cycles and by encouraging frequent, open communication with customers. However, agile methodologies are still in the process of devising systematic approaches on how to be adaptive to unpredictable and changing requirements and how to incorporate customers into the systems development process. In this study, we show how an ethnographic research process called Strip Resolution can be applied as a systematic complement to projects applying agile development principles. We illustrate, in detail, how the Strip Resolution Process (SRP) enabled us, in the role of systems developers, to adapt to changing and unpredictable user requirements and to incorporate customers into the systems development process.

In software engineering, requirements analysis comprises of those tasks that are necessary to encounter a novel or an improvised one, by considering the possible contradictoryrations of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, and managing the requirements. Requirements engineering for software development process is a complex exercise which considers product demands from various viewpoints, roles, responsibilities, and objectives. Hence, it is important to incorporate requirement engineering practices in every stage of software development process. In this paper, we propose an effective requirements engineering process model that prioritizes functional and non- functional requirements and createeminence requirements for software development. The successful implementation of the proposed process delivers a high quality software product.

BackgroundIn patient care, data are historically generated and stored in heterogeneous databases that are domain specific and often noninteroperable or isolated. As the amount of health data increases, the number of isolated data silos is also expected to grow, limiting the accessibility of the collected data. Medical informatics is developing ways to move from siloed data to a more harmonized arrangement in information architectures. This paradigm shift will allow future research to integrate medical data at various levels and from various sources. Currently, comprehensive requirements engineering is working on data integration projects in both patient care– and research-oriented contexts, and it is significantly contributing to the success of such projects. In addition to various stakeholder-based methods, document-based requirement elicitation is a valid method for improving the scope and quality of requirements.ObjectiveOur main objective was to provide a general catalog of functional requirements for integrating medical data into knowledge management environments. We aimed to identify where integration projects intersect to derive consistent and representative functional requirements from the literature. On the basis of these findings, we identified which functional requirements for data integration exist in the literature and thus provide a general catalog of requirements.MethodsThis work began by conducting a literature-based requirement elicitation based on a broad requirement engineering approach. Thus, in the first step, we performed a web-based systematic literature review to identify published articles that dealt with the requirements for medical data integration. We identified and analyzed the available literature by applying the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. In the second step, we screened the results for functional requirements using the requirements engineering method of document analysis and derived the requirements into a uniform requirement syntax. Finally, we classified the elicited requirements into a category scheme that represents the data life cycle.ResultsOur 2-step requirements elicitation approach yielded 821 articles, of which 61 (7.4%) were included in the requirement elicitation process. There, we identified 220 requirements, which were covered by 314 references. We assigned the requirements to different data life cycle categories as follows: 25% (55/220) to data acquisition, 35.9% (79/220) to data processing, 12.7% (28/220) to data storage, 9.1% (20/220) to data analysis, 6.4% (14/220) to metadata management, 2.3% (5/220) to data lineage, 3.2% (7/220) to data traceability, and 5.5% (12/220) to data security.ConclusionsThe aim of this study was to present a cross-section of functional data integration–related requirements defined in the literature by other researchers. The aim was achieved with 220 distinct requirements from 61 publications. We concluded that scientific publications are, in principle, a reliable source of information for functional requirements with respect to medical data integration. Finally, we provide a broad catalog to support other scientists in the requirement elicitation phase.

Adoption of the most suitable requirements engineering (RE) process and selection of the most appropriate RE techniques for a given project are challenging issues for industry. In order to alleviate the problems, a framework for RE process development (FRERE) was developed based on our research in the last six years. The overall architecture of the framework and a brief case study are presented in the paper. The framework addresses several core issues of the RE process: engineering issues, domain issues, characteristics of the software project, and issues of conformity to software process standards. FRERE consists of three parts: (1) The RE process knowledge base (REPKB) which contains RE process knowledge, (2) methodologies which provide guidance to develop a customized software process model in an iterative way; and (3) assessment models which provide information about the suitability of the newly developed RE process model for the software project under development.

Another component in Pattern-Oriented and Model-Driven Architecture (POMA) is the concept of model generation. The generation code of models is the process of creating a source code from a model using generation rules. In this paper, we present the generation rules that are used to support the automated code generator of POMA architecture to generate the source code of the entire interactive system. These Platform-Specific Model (PSM) models are based on patterns which illustrate how several individual models of patterns can be generated at different levels of abstraction such as PSM models to source code in the development of interactive systems.

Parallel Image Compression with JPEG for Multimedia Applications