E-003

In order to develop baseline data about United States office buildings, the United States Environmental Protection Agency conducted the Building Assessment Survey Evaluation (BASE) study, a systematic survey of 100 randomly selected United States office buildings, in the 1990s. This paper analyzes the self-reported work-related symptoms and job and workplace characteristics of 4326 respondents and compares results to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) study of 80 'complaint' buildings. Four distinct groups of symptoms, representing 'tiredness', 'mucosal irritation', 'neuropsychological', and 'lower respiratory' conditions emerged from factor analysis of work-related symptoms. The symptom grouping is identical for both surveys. Although the prevalence of each symptom is significantly higher in the NIOSH than in the BASE sample, there is overlap of the symptom distributions. In the BASE survey, 45% of the work force reported at least one work-related health symptom; 20% reported at least three symptoms. These findings imply that it is counterproductive to dichotomize buildings into healthy vs. unhealthy; instead the prevalence of health problems related to buildings span a continuum. These results indicate that most office buildings have occupants who report building-related symptoms. This paper provides practical guidance for the comparison of building prevalences to the BASE normative data. Work-related symptom distributions and symptom groups can improve investigators' ability to identify IEQ problems.

Disturbed heart rate variability: A dose-dependent response to elevated nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in exhaled breath

Independent foundations' primary focus is grant making.In general, their assets come from the gift of an individual or family.Community foundations' assets usually come from many donors rather than a single source, and grant making is limited to a particular region.Community foundations are usually classified as private charities under the tax law and are subject to different rules and regulations than are other private foundations. Access To CareAccording to 1988 Census Bureau estimates, over thirty-one million Americans are without health insurance.The demographics of these people are diverse, and their ranks continue to grow as the service industry burgeons and as competition in health care increases.Regional disparities in access also exist.Foundation funding in this area ranges from economic analyses of the problem to direct provision of care.

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 2, Issue 26 p. 1169-1172 Original Article EFFECTS OF THE ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS PROGUANIL AND CHLOROQUINE ON HEAT TOLERANCE F. A. Beasley, F. A. Beasley Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsTechnical Officer.Search for more papers by this authorG. M. Budd M.D., B.S., G. M. Budd M.D., B.S. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsLecturer in Environmental Health.Search for more papers by this authorG. M. Galvin B.Sc., G. M. Galvin B.Sc. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsCaptain, R.A.A.M.C.Search for more papers by this authorK. E. Hicks M.B., B.S., K. E. Hicks M.B., B.S. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsMedical Officer.Search for more papers by this authorR. K. Macpherson M.Sc., M.D., B.S., M.R.A.C.P., R. K. Macpherson M.Sc., M.D., B.S., M.R.A.C.P. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsProfessor of Environmental Health.Search for more papers by this authorJ. A. Welch H.S.E., A.S.T.C., A.M.I.E., J. A. Welch H.S.E., A.S.T.C., A.M.I.E. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsScientific Officer.Search for more papers by this author F. A. Beasley, F. A. Beasley Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsTechnical Officer.Search for more papers by this authorG. M. Budd M.D., B.S., G. M. Budd M.D., B.S. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsLecturer in Environmental Health.Search for more papers by this authorG. M. Galvin B.Sc., G. M. Galvin B.Sc. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsCaptain, R.A.A.M.C.Search for more papers by this authorK. E. Hicks M.B., B.S., K. E. Hicks M.B., B.S. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsMedical Officer.Search for more papers by this authorR. K. Macpherson M.Sc., M.D., B.S., M.R.A.C.P., R. K. Macpherson M.Sc., M.D., B.S., M.R.A.C.P. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsProfessor of Environmental Health.Search for more papers by this authorJ. A. Welch H.S.E., A.S.T.C., A.M.I.E., J. A. Welch H.S.E., A.S.T.C., A.M.I.E. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, and 1 Malaria Research Laboratory, Royal Australian Army Medical CorpsScientific Officer.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 1968 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1968.tb83503.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume2, Issue26December 1968Pages 1169-1172 RelatedInformation

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug SafetyVolume 5, Issue 6 p. 415-418 ISPE Notice Common Language Alexander M. Walker, Corresponding Author Alexander M. Walker Harvard School of Public Health, USAA. M. Walker, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02115 USA, e-mail: amwalker@episun1.harvard.edu.Search for more papers by this author Alexander M. Walker, Corresponding Author Alexander M. Walker Harvard School of Public Health, USAA. M. Walker, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02115 USA, e-mail: amwalker@episun1.harvard.edu.Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1996 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1557(199611)5:6<415::AID-PDS254>3.0.CO;2-HCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume5, Issue6November 1996Pages 415-418 RelatedInformation

46. The Influence of School Neighborhood Safety and Parks and Recreation Resources on Middle School Students' Physical Activity Levels

TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the MAPKKK family, controls diverse functions ranging from innate and adaptive immune system activation to vascular development and apoptosis. To analyse the in vivo function of TAK1 in cartilage, we generated mice with a conditional deletion of Tak1 driven by the collagen 2 promoter. Tak1col2 mice displayed severe chondrodysplasia with runting, impaired formation of secondary centres of ossification, and joint abnormalities including elbow dislocation and tarsal fusion. This phenotype resembled that of bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR)1 and Gdf5-deficient mice. BMPR signalling was markedly impaired in TAK1-deficient chondrocytes as evidenced by reduced expression of known BMP target genes as well as reduced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38/Jnk/Erk MAP kinases. TAK1 mediates Smad1 phosphorylation at C-terminal serine residues. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence in a mammalian system that TAK1 is required for BMP signalling and functions as an upstream activating kinase for Smad1/5/8 in addition to its known role in regulating MAP kinase pathways. Our experiments reveal an essential role for TAK1 in the morphogenesis, growth, and maintenance of cartilage.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of furniture polish (FP) on the release of cat allergen (Fel d 1)-laden dust from wood surfaces and decay of Fel d 1 in dust over time. About 2 g of sieved (150 microm screen) allergen-laden dust was introduced as an aerosol into an experimental chamber by a Pitt-3 generator and allowed to settle onto two finished wood surfaces pre-treated with either distilled water (DW) or FP. After 24 h, each surface was vacuumed into separate plastic cassettes loaded with 37 mm diameter, 0.4 microm pore, polycarbonate filters. The recovered dust was weighed, extracted in phosphate-buffered saline, and assayed for Fel d 1 content using a two-site monoclonal antibody ELISA. After vacuuming, the remaining dust on the wood surfaces was wiped up with a water-moistened swab. The dusts were extracted from the swabs and assayed by ELISA for Fel d 1. More Fel d 1 was recovered by vacuuming from DW-pre-treated surfaces than from FP pre-treated surfaces (100% vs. 69 +/- 66%). On the contrary, more residual Fel d 1 (>99.9%) on the vacuumed surfaces was recovered from FP than from DW pre-treated surfaces by wet swabs. The concentration of Fel d 1 in dust did not change significantly at room temperature over 80 days. In conclusion, FP on wood surfaces makes dust stick to the surface, which likely reduces the release of allergen-laden dust from the wood surface. Re-aerosolization of cat allergen-laden dusts from wood surfaces (e.g. wood floor or furniture) significantly increases the concentration of airborne cat allergens. Our study indicates that exposure to airborne cat allergens might be reduced by surface treatment with commercially available FP because cat allergen-laden dusts stuck more tightly to the wood surface treated with FP.

International Journal of DermatologyVolume 19, Issue 3 p. 168-170 Schistosomiasis Markley H. Boyer M.D., M.P.H., Corresponding Author Markley H. Boyer M.D., M.P.H. From the Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MassachusettsAddress for reprints: Markley H. Boyer, M.D., Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.Search for more papers by this author Markley H. Boyer M.D., M.P.H., Corresponding Author Markley H. Boyer M.D., M.P.H. From the Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MassachusettsAddress for reprints: Markley H. Boyer, M.D., Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1980 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1980.tb00289.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume19, Issue3April 1980Pages 168-170 RelatedInformation

Meat intake and semen parameters among men attending a fertility clinic

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Professional NewsFull AccessConcerns Grow Over Chemical’s Effects on Developing BrainsLeslie SinclairLeslie SinclairSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:2 Dec 2011https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.46.23.psychnews_46_23_6-bAbstractThe news about bisphenol A (BPA), the estrogenic industrial chemical present in many hard-plastic bottles and metal-based food and beverage cans since the 1960s, just keeps getting worse.In January 2010, the Food and Drug Administration announced that it shares the perspective of the National Toxicology Program that recent studies provide reason for concern about the potential effects of BPA on the brain, behavior, and prostate gland of fetuses, infants, and children. The agency said it would support “reasonable steps to reduce human exposure to BPA, including actions by industry and recommendations to consumers on food preparation” while pursuing further studies of BPA’s effects.The use of bisphenol A in the manufacture of baby bottles has been banned in many jurisdictions, and new research suggests gestational exposure may be of concern.Credit: gosphotodesign/ShutterstockSince then, the use of BPA in baby bottles and children’s cups has been banned in several states, and further measures are under consideration throughout the United States. Canada became the first country to ban BPA use in baby bottles.But what about other sources of exposure to the chemical for fetuses, infants, and children? In the November Pediatrics, researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health published the most recent update of an ongoing study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, of the effects of early-life BPA exposure on behavior and executive function in children.Joe Braun, Ph.D., a research fellow in the Department of Environmental Health at the Harvard School of Public Health, and his colleagues have been prospectively following a group of mothers and their children who were participating in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study in the Cincinnati, Ohio, metropolitan area. The study was designed to assess low-level environmental toxicant exposures.BPA exposure was assessed in the group using urine samples taken from the mothers during gestation and from the children at ages 1, 2, and 3. The children’s behavior was assessed at age 3 using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children 2 (BASC-2) Parent Rating Scale for pre-schoolers. Children’s executive functions were assessed by using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Pre-school (BRIEF-P).“Gestational urinary BPA concentrations were associated with some neurobehavioral measures at 3 years of age in this cohort,” reported Braun and colleagues. “In particular, gestational BPA exposure was associated with higher scores for measures of anxiety, hyperactivity, emotional control, and behavioral inhibition.”Different responses to gestational BPA exposure were especially pronounced for hyperactivity; girls exhibited increases in hyperactivity, and boys exhibited decreases. Braun and his colleagues described their findings as “consistent with numerous studies demonstrating altered neurobehavior among BPA-exposed animals.”But they expressed reservations about their findings, citing their modest sample size as one limitation. “The clinical relevance of these findings is unclear at this point,” they said. Despite this uncertainty, they offered clinical guidance, telling clinicians to advise concerned patients to reduce their exposure, but cautioning that is it difficult to avoid all sources of exposure, and the health consequences of BPA exposure are not fully understood.The American Chemistry Council (ACC), which represents companies involved in the chemical industry, has been quick to respond to the work of Braun and colleagues: “For parents, the most important information from this report is that the authors themselves question its relevance,” said Steven Hentges, Ph.D., of the ACC’s Polycarbonate/BPA Global Group. “The study … has significant shortcomings in study design, and the conclusions are of unknown relevance to public health.”Hentges cited recent research that he said was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and conducted by scientists at the government’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory that indicates “it is very unlikely BPA could cause health effects at any realistic exposure level, because of the way it is processed in the body.”Braun and his colleagues noted that there is considerable debate regarding the toxicity of low-level BPA exposure and that as a result their findings warrant additional research.An abstract of “Impact of Early-Life Bisphenol A Exposure on Behavior and Executive Function in Children” is posted at <www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22025598>. ISSUES NewArchived

Journal of Food ScienceVolume 38, Issue 7 p. 1255-1255 MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE INGESTION AND THIRST PRODUCTION PAUL E. ARAUJO, PAUL E. ARAUJO Dept. of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this authorDENIS HOURIHAN, DENIS HOURIHAN Dept. of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this authorJEAN MAYER, JEAN MAYER Dept. of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this author PAUL E. ARAUJO, PAUL E. ARAUJO Dept. of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this authorDENIS HOURIHAN, DENIS HOURIHAN Dept. of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this authorJEAN MAYER, JEAN MAYER Dept. of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1973 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1973.tb07252.x This work was supported in part by N.I.H. Grant NB 01941 and Grant AM 02911 and from the Fund for Research and Teaching. Dept. of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume38, Issue7November 1973Pages 1255-1255 RelatedInformation

International Journal of Clinical PracticeVolume 27, Issue 11 p. 410-413 Clinical Trials A Comparative Study of Therapeutic Agents used for Treatment of Acute Brucellosis J. M. Feiz MD, MPH, J. M. Feiz MD, MPH School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, University of Tehran, and the School of Medicine, University of Isfahan Faculty Member, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Isfahan, Iran.Search for more papers by this authorH. Sabbaghian DVM, DVSM(ED.), H. Sabbaghian DVM, DVSM(ED.) School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, University of Tehran, and the School of Medicine, University of Isfahan Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, University of Tehran, Iran.Search for more papers by this authorF. Sohrabi MD, MPH, F. Sohrabi MD, MPH School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, University of Tehran, and the School of Medicine, University of Isfahan Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Isfahan, Iran.Search for more papers by this author J. M. Feiz MD, MPH, J. M. Feiz MD, MPH School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, University of Tehran, and the School of Medicine, University of Isfahan Faculty Member, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Isfahan, Iran.Search for more papers by this authorH. Sabbaghian DVM, DVSM(ED.), H. Sabbaghian DVM, DVSM(ED.) School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, University of Tehran, and the School of Medicine, University of Isfahan Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, University of Tehran, Iran.Search for more papers by this authorF. Sohrabi MD, MPH, F. Sohrabi MD, MPH School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, University of Tehran, and the School of Medicine, University of Isfahan Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Isfahan, Iran.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 1973 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.1973.tb09081.x Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume27, Issue11November 1973Pages 410-413 RelatedInformation

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 740, Issue 1 p. 297-302 Disease, Population and Virulence: Thoughts about Measles Mortality MICHEL GARENNE, Corresponding Author MICHEL GARENNE Department of Population and International Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at the Harvard School of Public Health, Room 1208; Tel.: (617)-432-0418; Fax. (617)-432-2181; E-Mail: MGARENNE @HSPH.HARVARD.EDU.Search for more papers by this authorJOHN GLASSER, JOHN GLASSER National Immunization Program Centers for Disease Control Mail-stop E-61 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta, Georgia 30333Search for more papers by this authorRICHARD LEVINS, RICHARD LEVINS Department of Population and International Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115Search for more papers by this author MICHEL GARENNE, Corresponding Author MICHEL GARENNE Department of Population and International Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at the Harvard School of Public Health, Room 1208; Tel.: (617)-432-0418; Fax. (617)-432-2181; E-Mail: MGARENNE @HSPH.HARVARD.EDU.Search for more papers by this authorJOHN GLASSER, JOHN GLASSER National Immunization Program Centers for Disease Control Mail-stop E-61 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta, Georgia 30333Search for more papers by this authorRICHARD LEVINS, RICHARD LEVINS Department of Population and International Health Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19881.xCitations: 4AboutRelatedInformationPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessClose modalShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume740, Issue1Disease in Evolution: Global Changes and Emergence of Infectious DiseasesDecember 1994Pages 297-302 RelatedInformation RecommendedNonerosive reflux disease: clinical conceptsC. Prakash Gyawali, Dan E. Azagury, Walter W. Chan, Servarayan M. Chandramohan, John O. Clarke, Nicola de Bortoli, Edgar Figueredo, Mark Fox, Daniela Jodorkovsky, Adriana Lazarescu, Peter Malfertheiner, Jan Martinek, Kenric M. Murayama, Roberto Penagini, Edoardo Savarino, Katerina P. Shetler, Ellen Stein, Roger P. Tatum, Justin Wu, Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesApproaches to Development of Microencapsulated Form of the Live Measles VaccineE. A. NECHAEVA, N. VARAKSIN, T. RYABICHEVA, M. SMOLINA, T. KOLOKOLTSOVA, A. VILESOV, N. AKSENOVA, R. STANKEVICH, R. ISIDOROV, Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesDefining esophageal landmarks, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Barrett's esophagusKenneth DeVault, Barry P. McMahon, Altay Celebi, Guido Costamagna, Michele Marchese, John O. Clarke, Reza A. Hejazi, Richard W. McCallum, Vincenzo Savarino, Patrizia Zentilin, Edoardo Savarino, Mike Thomson, Rhonda F. Souza, Claire L. Donohoe, Naoimh J. O'Farrell, John V. Reynolds, Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesMeasles Infection in HIV‐Infected African InfantsROBERT T. PERRY, FRANCIS MMIRO, CHRISTOPHER NDUGWA, RICHARD D. SEMBA, Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesRespiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux diseaseSusan M. Harding, Jacqui E. Allen, Joel H. Blumin, Elizabeth A. Warner, Carlos A. Pellegrini, Walter W. Chan, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

David Bates is Chief, Division of General Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Medical Director, Clinical and Quality Analysis at Partners HealthCare System, Inc. He is also an Associate Professor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School and has a joint appointment at Harvard School of Public Health in the Department of Health Policy and Management. Dr. Bates received his BS degree in Chemistry from Stanford University, his MD from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and his MSc from Harvard School of Public Health (Department of Health Policy and Management). He completed residency training in internal medicine at the Oregon Health Sciences University and a postdoctoral research fellowship in medicine at the Harvard Medical School. Dr. Bates' primary informatics interest has been the use of computerized decision support to improve safety and thereby reduce the costs of care. A particular focus has been on improving the systems by which drugs are given, to reduce the frequency of medication errors and adverse drug events. One study he led demonstrated that implementation of computerized physician order entry reduced the rate of serious medication errors by 55 percent. Other research interests include affecting physicians' decision making, particularly using computerized interventions; quality of care and cost-effectiveness in medical practice; and outcomes assessment. Dr. Bates has been the recipient of numerous awards, including a National Research Service Award; the Henry Christian Award for Excellence in Research; the Culpeper Award; the Young Investigator of the Year from the Society of General Internal Medicine, Northeast Region; Clinical Investigator of the Year, Center for Healthcare Information Management; the Partners in Excellence Award Quality Treatment and Service and Leadership and Innovation; and the Cheers Award for Outstanding Contribution to Medication Error Prevention from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. Dr. Bates is a Scientific Advisor, SCRIPT Project, Health Care …