Educating for Tolerance: Multicultural Approaches in Islamic Religious Education

Islamic education cannot be separated from cultural values. Especially in Indonesia, an archipelagic country consisting of more than 17,000 islands and inhabited by around 255 million people. The number indicates that cultural, ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity must be found in Indonesia. This diversity is a characteristic as well as a valuable asset that must be cared for, fostered, protected and preserved. One attempt to maintain culture can be pursued through education. The relationship between Islamic education and Indonesian culture is like a currency coin that must synergize and strengthen each other, because education is actually a cultural process. The importance of Islamic religious and cultural education is contained in the Law on the National Education System (No. 20/2003) which states that education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and process so that students actively develop their potential, to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills needed by themselves, society, nation and state. This journal will discuss the relevance between Islamic education and culture. The research was conducted using the library research method. The results of the study show that Islamic religious education and Indonesian culture have a very significant and inseparable relevance. Islamic Religious Education must be able to lay a moral, ethical, and spiritual foundation for the development of Indonesia, which has a diverse cultural background.

The objective of this paper is to utilize a mixer methodology, which consists of two parts: a literature review and field studies. The theme of this paper is Islamic Education Cultural Management, and it discusses the history, conception, and management of transformative Islamic education actualization. There are three critical questions addressed in this paper. First, what does the concept of Cultural Management of Islamic Education in Islam entail Second, what is the history and conception of Islamic religious education management, Islam, and transformative culture in Indonesia. Third, what is the contribution of Islamic education management in a transformative Islamic culture in the Islamic education space in Indonesia, where teacher supervision is an integral process. Additionally, culture is an essential part of the local community and cannot be separated from the community's language. The transmission of culture, often referred to as local knowledge, is commonly achieved through the oral retelling of stories across generations. Islamic religious education is founded on principles of truth and nobility, advocating for the rejection of fictitious notions and the avoidance of inappropriate conduct or influence. The significance of Islamic religious leadership education lies in the ease with which it instills moral values and ethics, while also addressing the emotional and cognitive realms of the human experience. Furthermore, this education must be integrated with the cultural and touristic aspects of a region in a cohesive and synchronized manner, while staying true to the unique characteristics of the area.

According to Law No. 20 of 2003, a curriculum is a set of plans and arrangements regarding the objectives, content and learning materials, as well as the methods used as guidelines for organizing activities to achieve certain educational goals. The curriculum's function in education is to create lesson plans, design and compile learning materials and objectives, as well as to ensure that learning is carried out effectively. To make learning effective, it is necessary to have the best formula in terms of curriculum content and substance. It will be relatively simple to implement when the curriculum's content and substance are easily digested by teachers and students. Islamic religious education has been a subject in every school, so its existence will be considerably complex, particularly on the material side and adjusting to the curriculum that has been applied. The Curriculum 2013 is a competency-based and character-based curriculum that is expected to improve learning and educational outcomes that are precisely targeted to students' character and morality, knowledge, personality, and implementation in everyday life. The 2013 curriculum includes at least three Islamic education values: Morals, Adab, and Exemplary. The Merdeka Curriculum is a response to the Covid-19 pandemic's missing lessons, often known as loss learning. According to the Ministry of Education and Culture's pocketbook, the Merdeka Curriculum is a curriculum with diverse intra-curricular learning where the content will be more ideal so that students have adequate time to explore concepts and strengthen competencies. Teachers have the freedom to select numerous teaching tools so that learning can be adapted to students' learning needs and interests. Projects to enhance Pancasila student profile success are designed based on government-determined themes. The project is not directed to achieving certain learning achievement targets, so it is not tied to subject content. Islamic education is available in both public and private schools. Islamic religious education aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of faith, worship, morality, and muamalah. As a result, Islamic religious education provides guidance and attitudes toward religious practice in accordance with Islamic law. Islamic religious education develops individuals with character and excellent morality in students that can be implemented in everyday life. This study aims to compare the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum with the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum (Independent Learning Curriculum) in Islamic religious education learning. Case studies were used in this qualitative study. The sources used and the data collection techniques employed were library research, observation, and interviews. This study focused on Islamic religious education teachers at SMA Negeri 2 Tangerang Selatan City.

Islamic education is a planned effort in preparing people to recognize, understand, appreciate, and believe in the teachings of Islam accompanied by demands to respect other religions in inter-religious relations to create national unity and integrity. Madrasah Diniyah Ulya is a non-formal Islamic religious education unit that provides Islamic religious education as a complement for high school/vocational/MA/equivalent students or children of the same educational age who have not attended formal education. This level is taken in 2 (two) years with a minimum study time of 18 students a week with a duration of 45 minutes per lesson hour. The purpose of Madrasah Diniyah Ulya is to develop, expand and deepen the Islamic religious education obtained for students to develop their lives, fostering students to have experience, knowledge, worship skills, commendable traits, attitudes and behaviors that are useful for personal development, fostering students to have the ability to carry out their life duties in society and to be devoted to Allah SWT in order to achieve happiness in the world and the hereafter, and prepare students for can attend Islamic religious education at higher educational institutions. Islamic Education Materials at Madrasah Diniyah Ulya consist of moral formation which is carried out with knowledge (understanding), charity (habituation) and exemplary (uswatun hasanah). The books that are often used as references or handbooks in madrasah diniyah, are almost entirely in Arabic or Arabic books combined with regional languages, such as Javanese (kitab beard).The Ulya Madrasah Diniyah Education Model can be developed from several components including: institutions, management, teachers and education staff, students, funding, infrastructure, curriculum, learning, learning evaluation, and supervision, monitoring, evaluation and reporting as well as maintaining the existence of madrasah diniyah. Key Words: Model, Islamic Education and Madrasah Diniyah Ulya

Since the years 1950 of multicultural education discourse. The reason involves the issue of racism and discrimination against minority groups originating from Africa. 1970s discourse becomes stronger, such as in America, England, Germany, and others. 1980 is seen as the beginning of the emergence of multicultural educational institutions, as initiated by James A Banks et al. The idea of multicultural education is gaining momentum globally as recommended UNISCO in October 1994 in Geneva Switzerland. Among mulikultural educational thinkers of the West, like James A Banks, L. Derman-Sparks, Dawn Gill, Geneva Gay, Christine Sleeter, Peter McLaren, Donna M. Gollnick, Philip Chinn, Will Kymlica, G. Shin and P. Gorski,. Islamic thinkers who carries a lot of Islamic education multicultural issues, such as Fazlur Rahman, Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im, Mohammed Arkoun, Muhammad Shahrour, Humayun Kabir, and 'Ali Shari'ati, and Mamadiou Dia. Of Indonesia, such as Mansour Fakih, H.A.R. Tilaar, Nurcholish Madjid, Azyumardi Azra, and M. Amin Abdullah. Their sincerity in spreading the idea of multicultural education must be bad sometimes, like humuman sentenced to death, was expelled from the country or convicted of apostasy by its opponents. Islamic multicultural education is a response to a variety of global discourse, especially intercultural and multicultural studies that have been developed in the United States and Erofa caused by discriminatory attitudes in the majority to the minority. As in America and Erofa, multicultural Islamic education aims to build a tolerant attitude, pluralistic, humanistic and inclusive towards fellow human beings. But not infrequently Islamic multicultural education has also become a tool for the control authorities, as happened in the world of education in Indonesia in the New Order era. This article is intended to elaborate on Islamic multicultural education in a philosophical perspective.

General Background: Effective learning strategies are critical in enhancing student engagement and academic outcomes, particularly in Islamic Religious Education (PAI), which requires both cognitive and affective comprehension. Specific Background: The Think, Talk, Write (TTW) model fosters active learning through sequential stages—critical reflection, collaborative discussion, and synthesis in writing. Knowledge Gap: Despite its theoretical potential, empirical studies evaluating the TTW model's effectiveness in the context of Islamic education, especially at the junior high school level, remain scarce. Aim: This study investigates the impact of the TTW model on students' learning outcomes in PAI at SMP Negeri 16 Bandar Lampung. Results: Using a quasi-experimental design with simple random sampling, students in the experimental group (Class A) showed significantly higher achievement compared to the control group (Class C), with an independent t-test significance of 0.006 (<0.05). Novelty: This study contributes novel insights by applying the TTW model to Islamic education and assessing its cognitive impact based on Bloom’s taxonomy. Implications: The findings suggest that TTW enhances critical thinking, communication, and comprehension in PAI, supporting its adoption as an effective pedagogical strategy in similar educational contexts. Highlights: Enhances students' critical thinking and engagement. TTW outperforms conventional teaching methods. Fills research gap in Islamic Education strategies. Keywords: Think Talk Write, Learning Outcomes, Islamic Education, Critical Thinking, Junior High School

In the 21st-century, it is increasingly easy for individuals to interact with each other, so meetings between individuals from various backgrounds, be it religion, race, ethnicity, or ideology. Therefore, the study of Islamic multicultural education and religious moderation is essential to minimize problems and conflicts arising from the reality of increasing diversity. This study aims to analyze the theme of Islamic multicultural education in the trend of religious moderation in the 21st-century education era. This study uses a bibliometric analysis method to see trends, links between keywords, and topics widely studied regarding Islamic multicultural education in the trend of religious moderation. Data sources were obtained from searching for scientific articles in accredited journals. The study results show a trend in research on Islamic multicultural education in the trend of religious moderation in the 21st-century education era. There has also been a shift in the topic of study from this theme in recent years. In addition, several keywords are also interrelated in research with the theme of Islamic multicultural education on the trend of religious moderation. Islamic multicultural education and religious moderation in 21st-century education are expected to realize an inclusive, just, and tolerant social order. Religious moderation and Islamic multicultural education are two prominent movements representing the 21st-century's social and spiritual development. The contribution of this research is to provide an overview of the trend of Islamic multicultural education and religious moderation in adapting to changes that occur in society, both in academic and practical contexts.

The purpose of writing this work is to analyze the challenges of the modern era for Islamic religious learning and the implementation of humanism learning. Literature review as an effective approach in collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information related to the implementation of humanism learning in Islamic religious education in the modern era. With systematic steps, this research allows the identification of relevant humanism principles, strategies, benefits, and challenges. The results of this literature review research provide a deep understanding and an important contribution to the development of Islamic religious education following the demands of the times. This method also offers a strong theoretical foundation for understanding the relationship between humanism and Islamic education. The result of this research is that Islamic learning in the modern era is faced with complex challenges such as the integration of technology with religious values and contextual understanding in a multicultural environment. Solutions that can be applied include developing an online learning platform that pays attention to religious values and prioritizes inclusive interfaith understanding. Strengthening the religious-based character of education and integrating Islamic religious studies with other subjects in an interdisciplinary attitude is also important in answering this challenge. The implementation of humanism learning can form inclusive, empowered, and noble generation learning in Islamic religious education, but challenges such as the integration of humanist values with religious teachings and improving the quality of education need to be overcome to succeed.

Abstract: This study aims to increase students' learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) through the application of Project-Based Learning (PJBL) model at SMP Negeri 2 Pallangga. Islamic Education has an important role in instilling moral, ethical, and religious values that are the basis of the life of the nation and state. However, the challenge faced in PAI learning is the low motivation of students to learn which has an impact on the understanding and application of religious values in everyday life. This study used the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method with a cyclical approach consisting of two cycles, referring to the classroom action research framework developed by Kemmis and McTaggart, involving 28 students. The research results from the first cycle showed that the majority of students were in the moderate category, with scores ranging from 59% to 73%. In the second cycle, all students managed to reach the “High” category, with scores ranging from 76% to 90%, reflecting the success of the teaching method applied. These findings suggest that PjBL is effective in increasing students' motivation by giving them control over the learning process and encouraging active participation in collaborative projects. This study concludes that PjBL can significantly improve students' engagement and achievement in Islamic Religious Education. Keywords: project-based learning, learning motivation, Islamic Religious Education.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61436/bsscd/v3i2.pp72-83

The key aspect of developing successful countries is a highly skilled human capital. The human capital skills constructed from the educational system. In Malaysia, different types of education make up human capital. There is religious and non-religious education. The issue is how far education can contribute to the success of the country. Does that diversity shape a skilled human capital for the needs of the country. Does religious education have the goal of generating a balanced human capital of the world and the hereafter. Zakat is a source of aid that can give to human capital empowerment. Zakat aid channels in education leave a high impact on Islamic religious education. What is the Zakat fund's ability to balance Islamic education management? Although there are some previous communities that less interested in Islamic religious education, but the tendency has changed to significant changes in the Malaysian education system. Therefore, this study aims to review the current tendencies of society in choosing the type of child education. The study also identifies the Islamic religious education direction system in Malaysia. The methodology of this study is through the method of the library regarding articles and reports, conceptual and based on literature research. Besides, it also will be interviews with parties involved in education. This paper aims to propose a model of Islamic human capital development. This finding will support continuous development with the aid of zakat funds in Islamic education. It is hoped that with the success of this zakat fund, the continuation of Islamic education will continue and produce Rabbani people of quality for religion and country. Likewise, it is hoped that the skilled human capital, professional scholars and Islamic scholars can be produced in the future.

Islamic religious education is not only focused on providing theoretical knowledge, but it should also ensure that the learning experiences of students are always related to current issues in their environment. The Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) based model of Islamic religious education establishes a connection between each lesson or topic and real-life situations, aiming to impact the religious beliefs of the students at the Institute of Home Affairs Administration in Jatinangor. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis involves data collection, data presentation, and data processing. The results of this study indicate that the model of Islamic religious education at the Institute of Home Affairs Administration in Jatinangor can be divided into two important parts: Islamic religious education learning in accordance with the national curriculum conducted during classroom hours, and Islamic education and guidance provided by extracurricular units outside of classroom hours as local content.

The approach of disaster mitigation in Islamic religious education urgently needed to be adopted due to the high frequency of disaster occurrences and their impact on madrasahs, particularly in disaster-prone areas. The lack of literature and practical guidelines on disaster mitigation education is one of the main obstacles that reduces madrasah's involvement in disaster risk reduction efforts. This study aims to identify the concept of Islamic education transformation in disaster awareness and the form of innovation in Islamic religious education textbooks based on the perspective of Maslahah Mursalah. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the research findings highlight: (1) The concept of Islamic education transformation in disaster awareness from the perspective of Maslahah Mursalah focuses on three levels of maslahah: (a) al-Maslahah al-Dharuriyat, where education emphasizes a deep understanding of Islamic teachings related to self-protection and social responsibility in disaster situations, (b) al-Maslahah al-Hajiyat, ensuring the availability of facilities and environments that support effective learning related to disasters, (c) al-Maslahah al-Tahsiniyat, education emphasizes the formation of student character with values such as mutual assistance, cooperation, and empathy in facing disasters. (2) The innovation of Islamic religious education textbooks based on disaster with the perspective of Maslahah Mursalah includes the incorporation of Islamic laws related to disasters into the curriculum with an emphasis on relevance and flexibility, emphasizing the relevance and flexibility of the curriculum, using case studies from Islamic history, and providing practical resources such as evacuation guides in preparing students to face disasters. This research contributes to understanding and implementing disaster risk reduction policies in Islamic religious education, the development of interdisciplinary-based disaster textbooks, and the study of Islamic education materials with the perspective of disaster mitigation based on Maslahah Mursalah.

In facing the dynamics of social change in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, especially Islamic education, the existence and role of teachers in developing Islamic religious education curricula became very important, so that the compilation of Islamic religious education curriculum in accordance with the characteristics, mission, and vision of Islamic education institutions, and in accordance with the learning experience needed by students. The development of the Islamic religious education curriculum shows that the education system is dynamic, if the education system does not want to fall into stagnation, then the changes need to be carried out by the teacher and is a must to be carried out in various ways that are innovative, creative, and productive, especially in determining the method, and what strategies will be developed, and how to measure success

Islamic religious learning system through the CTL Contextual Teaching and Learning model in improving the thinking ability of madrasah students in Islamic boarding schools. Islamic religious education in madrasah includes (al-Qur'an-Hadits, Morality, Jurisprudence, and Cultural History of Islam). Learning Islamic religious education often uses lecture methods so students feel bored and even disparage when studying their Islamic Education while doing other activities. The author is interested in choosing this topic because no one has researched with the same title. The benefits of this research are expected to help teachers, especially those who teach Islamic education in madrasah. The reason other researchers are not interested in this title is that they think the CTL method cannot be used to improve the quality of learning, especially PAI in madrash. While in this study the authors tried to find direct effects, especially CTL can improve students' thinking skills in madrasah. The research method uses a qualitative approach and study documentation. Data processing in using the critical-analytical method, which is analyzing and interpreting data. The author is interested in researching with the title above because he wants to prove that the Islamic religious learning system through the CTL model can improve the thinking ability of madrasa students. The research findings are the Islamic religious education learning system through CTL, a learning approach that emphasizes the process of full involvement of students to be able to find the material being studied and relate it to real life situations and conditions. Research conclusions: Implementation of Islamic religious education learning system through the CTL model in improving the thinking ability of Islamic boarding school students through stages of constructivism (constructionvism), Inquiry (finding), Questioning (asking), Learning Community (learning community), Modeling (modeling), Reflection (reflection), and Authentic Assessment (actual assessment). Implications of research, students' thinking ability will increase because they are given the freedom to explore their learning. So the Islamic religious education learning system through the CTL model can improve students' thinking abilities and enthusiasm of students to continue learning and discover for themselves (material/concepts) what they learn.

This research aims to see the results of implementing strengthening Islamic religious education learning with a strategy of strengthening teacher skills in learning Islamic religious education for early childhood at Pertiwi 1 Kindergarten, Bengkulu City. The method used is a qualitative descriptive research method, while the type of data used in this research is through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the strategy for strengthening teacher skills in Islamic religious education learning uses Skinner's Operant Conditioning theory. Teachers provide verbal reinforcement in using words and sentences to praise, encourage, motivate, persuade, advise and reprimand children. Meanwhile, nonverbal reinforcement takes the form of gestures, touching, approaching, giving signs or symbols, and through Islamic religious education learning activities. This research proves that the implementation of teacher strengthening skills in learning Islamic religious education in early childhood is contained in the RPPH and teaching modules which are carried out by providing verbal reinforcement in using words and sentences, while non-verbal is in the form of gestures, touching, approaching, giving signs or symbols, and through activities for children so that children will be motivated in the good things they do. Keywords: Early Childhood, Reinforcement Skills, Islamic Education.