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End-user development is proposed as a solution to the issues business people have when getting web applications developed. In this paper, we have presented a meta-model for web based information systems to support End-user Development. End-users can actively participate in web application development using tools to populate and instantiate the meta-model. The meta-model we created is based on three abstraction levels: Shell, Application, and Function. At Shell Level, we model aspects common to all business web applications such as navigation and access control. At Application Level, we model aspects common to specific web applications such as workflows. At Function Level, we model requirements specific to the identified use cases. Inheritance and Overriding properties of the meta-model provide a balance between ease and flexibility when developing business information systems. The key aspect that underpinned this research work is the view- “software is a medium to capture knowledge rather than a product”. Meta-model will help end-users to participate in web application development activities.

Web applications are not protected by today's network level firewalls, because they allow access to TCP port 80 without restrictions. However, many successful attacks today are not on the network level, but on application level. For protecting against application level attacks, a firewall must understand the application protocols, that are used on its open ports. This happens in application level firewalls and for Web application in Web application firewalls. The underlying concepts of Web application firewalls differ much from the concepts of traditional network level firewalls. This book explains the underlying concepts of Web application firewalls. Afterwards, they are applied to a collection of security requirements, that application developers should respect today for developing a secure Web application. A Web application firewall is capable of automatically implementing many of these requirements. As a result, Web application developers can ignore these requirements, because the Web applications firewall already ensures their implementation and therefore the security of the Web application. This book is intended for anyone, who is interested in securing his Web application.

In the development and design of Web application, the choice of framework development is very important. A good framework development can speed up the development of Web application, reduce development costs and the workload of developers. Meanwhile, Web application has good expansibility and portability. The framework based on SpringMVC + Spring + Mybatis (SSM) has good performance and rapid development efficiency, gradually becoming a mainstream development framework of Web application.

Today's Web Applications (WAs) are complex multi-user and multi-tenant software systems, used by users with different roles and often developed to support and manage complex business processes. Due to the changing nature of such processes, WAs need to be easily and quickly modified, to be adapted and aligned to the processes they support. In recent years, Model Driven Engineering (MDE) approaches have been used to support the development and the evolution of WAs. However, the definition of appropriate MDE approaches for the development of flexible process-centric WAs is still limited. In particular, flexible workflow models have never been integrated with the models used in MDE approaches to develop this type of applications. This paper proposes an MDE approach for the development and the evolution of flexible process-centric WAs that integrates four MDE metamodels used to represent the main components of a WA with the metamodel of Declare, a declarative language to model business processes. A case study, carried out to validate the feasibility, the correctness and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is presented and discussed.

In recent months the priority area of modern medicine has become on-line informatization and computerization. The most promising development has been the use of information and computer support in an integrated diagnostic system for patients with cleft lip and palate. In our research we aim to developed an autonomous web application that allows practitioners to determine the tactics of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment based on data integrated into a specific web application in order to increase the efficiency of the treatment of children with cleft lip and palate of different age groups. Based on more than 45 years of clinical and scientific experience in diagnosis and treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate we developed a web application “ADI” (Application of Digital Imaging). The developed web application “ADI” is a system for processing, accumulating and analyzing information on the rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip and palate by type of pathology and age, allowing doctors to obtain structured information about the stages of the necessary methods of interdisciplinary cleft lip and palate diagnosis and treatment. One of the main advantages of “ADI” web application is the ability to quickly exchange information between specialists in various fields of knowledge. Such complex information is the basis for combining scientific ideas, analysis and exchange of experience of various specialists, thereby making it possible to create a unified system of interdisciplinary rehabilitation of children with congenital pathology of the maxillofacial region #COMESYSO1120.

Web application development from simple web pages to complex interactive platforms (including social networks, e-commerce systems, corporate portals) requires new approaches, tools and technologies. JavaScript libraries and frameworks play a special role in developing web applications, simplifying the creation of effective, scalable, and convenient interfaces. The purpose of the article is to research the problems and prospects of using React in combination with Redux when creating web applications with a complex structure, to assess the advantages of their joint use in comparison with similar tools and to develop the web application “FarmerProducts”. The research methodology consists of the main methodological approaches and technological tools for developing web applications. Such methods, in particular, are: system and comparative analysis – to identify the features of creating web applications; method of expert assessments, which involves the study of literary sources and information resources, conducting interviews and surveys of experts, as well as the processes of developing and testing scalable and high-performance web applications based on the use of React and Redux. The scientific novelty of the research is the analysis of modern tools (React, Angular, Vue. js) for developing web applications, identifying problems and prospects for their use, creating an author’s web application (using React and Redux), which includes an intuitive interface, a flexible database, simplifying the process of working with the application by using a stack of modern technologies. Conclusions. The paper analyses the problems and prospects of using modern web application development tools; focuses on React, which is suitable for different projects; conducts a comparative analysis of React with Angular, Vue. js and Svelte, identifies their main characteristics, advantages, disadvantages; demonstrates the dependence of the choice of tools on the project context (React in combination with Redux can provide an optimal balance between performance, flexibility and scalability); describes the author’s web application – the FarmerProducts online store; identifies further ways to improve this web application.

Web application frameworks are a proven means to accelerate the development of interactive web applications. However, implementing collaborative real-time applications like Google Docs requires specific concurrency control services (i.e. document synchronization and conflict resolution) that are not included in prevalent general-purpose frameworks like jQuery or Knockout. Hence, developers have to get familiar with specific collaboration frameworks (e.g. ShareJS) which substantially increases the development effort. To ease the development of collaborative web applications, we propose a set of source code annotations representing a lightweight mechanism to introduce concurrency control services into mature web frameworks. Those annotations are interpreted at runtime by a dedicated collaboration engine to sync documents and resolve conflicts. We enhanced the general-purpose framework Knockout with a collaboration engine and conducted a developer study comparing our approach to a traditional concurrency control library. The evaluation results show that the effort to incorporate collaboration capabilities into a web application can be reduced by up to 40 percent using the annotation-based solution.

Web applications are evolving towards strong content-centred information systems accessible through the web. The development processes and implementation of these applications are unlike the development and implementation of traditional information systems. In this paper, we propose a Web Engineering Method (WEM): a method for developing Content Management System (CMS)-based web applications. Critical to a successful development of CMS-based web applications is adaptation to the dynamic business. We first define CMS-based web applications and identify their specific characteristics. Combining these characteristics with situational factors in projects, we show that by taking parts of proven methods, such as UML-based Web Engineering (UWE) and the Unified Process (UP), a unique method can be assembled for situational development of CMS-based web applications. We successfully validated the method at GX, a web-technology company specialised in developing and implementing CMS-based web applications.

Due to problems in correctly understanding user requirements the Information System (IS) development community have recognised the need to involve end-users in the development and maintenance of web applications. End-users perceive web applications through user interfaces (UIs) and commonly use sketches of UIs to express their requirements. Thus, it would be desirable to provide an end-user development methodology centred on UI modelling techniques. In this paper a visual modelling approach is presented to empower end-users in developing data intensive web applications starting from user interface descriptions. The modelling language follows a holistic approach by representing both static and behavioural information of a web application in one visual model. The visual model allows the specification of the look-and-feel of the application through mock-ups, and the user interactions through links, annotations, and widget references. End-users are guided during the modelling process by providing a summary view to manage the design of complex applications and a data model view to improve the quality of the generated applications.

There have been a considerable amount of interests in providing the state-of-theart product design and manufacture techniques and methods accessible on the Internet from web browsers. This chapter concerns with the process of building web applications for product design and manufacture. The focus is on how such systems are being developed and implemented. However, there have been considerable difficulties in the design, development, and implementation of web applications in product design and manufacture. The complexity can be understood in several ways. For example, there is no rigorous and systematic approach to the development of web applications at present. Current web application development and management practices are mostly ad hoc, heavily dependent on the knowledge and experience of individual developers.

The article analyzes the application of fractal analysis and neural networks in internet technologies for diagnosing the state of a studied object and forecasting time series. These methods will expand the possibilities of using predictions for the future behavior of the researched object in the fields of finance, investment, economics, sociology, and other industries where obtaining prospective knowledge is required. The authors provide an overview of predictive analysis theories and modern econometric and mathematical methods for modeling time series. The justification for choosing fractal analysis as an effective method for diagnosing business decision-making processes is given. A methodology for using internet technology to automate time series forecasting is proposed. A web application has been developed as a software product to solve the research tasks. The process of developing the web application is examined, which would forecast the financial indicators of Ukrainian banks based on available time series. The main stages of development and architecture of the web application for diagnosing and forecasting business processes are described. A generalized structure of software modules is presented. Time series of net profit for Ukrainian banks have been selected as the base model for analysis and forecasting. The developed web application is a complex of programs that use a neural network for time series forecasting. Fractal analysis is used in the stage of forming input data for the neural network. The application also provides the ability to conduct R/S analysis of time series to determine the Hurst exponent. The software product also allows training the neural network using backpropagation. With the machine learning algorithms used in the web application, it is possible to analyze large volumes of data and discover complex dependencies and patterns in time series that may be difficult to notice manually. This leads to more accurate and faster results and enables making more objective forecasts based on the available data. The developed web application can also be used for predicting crises in financial and investment activities.

The article discusses technologies for developing the web application designed to accompany the process of conducting an intellectual game in the format of an interactive quiz. An analysis of similar applications was carried out, which showed that none of them satisfies all the criteria essential in this situation. Requirements for the web application have been determined: the ability to create a library of quizzes, various types of questions, edit ready-made quizzes, participants enter answers through their devices online, award points for the correctness and speed of answers, display questions on the presenter's screen and on team devices, view intermediate and final results in the form of a list, returning participants to the game if necessary, saving the points received. The process of developing an optimized user interface using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, which allows users to interact with the web application, is described, the structure of the web application, the main forms of the administrator and game participants are presented. The server side of the application was developed using Node.JS technologies, including the Socket.io library, and the MongoDB database, the resulting collection of non-relational database is shown. To implement the functionality of the application pages, JavaScript was used; examples of codes are presented that implement the mechanism for connecting the presenter to the game, retrieving information from the database, recording the team's response, and awarding points for the correctness and speed of the response. The web application allows you to reduce the time spent by event organizers and participants and makes it possible to improve the organization of work in general. The presented web application for accompanying intellectual games was successfully approbated during events at the Nizhny Tagil State Social-Pedagogical Institute (branch) of the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University. The materials of the article can serve as practical recommendations for the development of such web applications to accompany intellectual games held in the format of interactive quizzes.

The purpose of the article is to research, analyze and consider the general problems that TypeScript technology for strict typing solves when developing web applications. The research methodology consists of semantic analysis methods of the basic concepts of a given subject area (development of web applications using JavaScript and TypeScript). The article discusses the analysis results of the TypeScript technology’s use in comparison with JavaScript. The novelty of the research is the analysis of modern TypeScript technology and its solution to the problems of strict typing in the development of web applications. The conclusion of the research of the TypeScript technology carried out in the article is to determine its essence, the purpose of creation, advantages and disadvantages, and determine the situations of the appropriateness of its use.

Based on an increasing number of web resources and services, the mashup paradigm enables end users to create custom web applications consisting of several components in order to fulfill specific needs. End user development of such composite web applications poses tough challenges to composition platforms, especially with non-programmers as end users. For instance, communicating on a non-technical level is crucial. Furthermore, assistance is essential throughout the entire process, ranging from composition to usage of mashups. Amongst others, users should be supported by explaining inter-widget communication, by helping to understand a mashup’s functionality and by identifying mashups providing desired functionality. However, prevalent mashup solutions provide no or limited concepts regarding these aspects. In this paper, we introduce our proposal for formalizing and calculating the functionality of mashup compositions based on capabilities and communication relations of mashup components as well as semantic domain knowledge. It serves as a foundation for our assisted, capability-centered end user development approach within the CRUISE platform. The latter features several assistance mechanisms, like presenting the functionality of mashups and recommending composition steps. We describe a prototypical implementation of the proposed algorithm and discuss its usage in our platform. Additionally, we evaluate our modeling and algorithmic concepts by means of example applications and an expert evaluation.

A Web application is an application that is invoked with a Web browser over the Internet. Ever since 1994 when the Internet became available to the public and especially in 1995 when the World Wide Web put a usable face on the Internet, the Internet has become a platform of choice for a large number of ever-more sophisticated and innovative Web applications. In just one decade, the Web has evolved from being a repository of pages used primarily for accessing static, mostly scientific, information to a powerful platform for application development and deployment. New Web technologies, languages, and methodologies make it possible to create dynamic applications that represent a new model of cooperation and collaboration among large numbers of users. Web application development has been quick to adopt software engineering techniques of component orientation and standard components. For example, search, syndication, and tagging have become standard components of a new generation of collaborative applications and processes. Future developments in Web applications will be driven by advances in browser technology, Web Internet infrastructure, protocol standards, software engineering methods, and application trends.