Enhanced ATM for satellite laser communication networks

Satellite communication networks, as an effective complement to terrestrial communication networks, enable global coverage communications. The Low-orbit satellite network has the characteristics of low transmission delay, short operation period and global coverage communication, it has become a popular research direction in satellite communication networks. With the continuous development of digital and intelligent communication in the world, satellite network services continue to expand, and higher requirements are placed on network transmission performance. The traditional single-structure low-orbit satellite network using centralized routing has been unable to meet current needs.. Therefore, with the low-orbit satellite network as the core, people have conducted in-depth research on satellite communication network routing algorithms that meet the requirements of high-quality, high-efficiency and largecapacity communication. Especially in the three hot issues of low-orbit satellite network routing algorithms, a lot of research results have emerged, including: QoS-based artificial intelligence algorithm routing algorithm; multi-layer satellite network routing algorithm; satellite network multipath routing algorithm. Through the analysis and discussion of these problems and achievements, the idea of combining the three algorithms on demand is proposed, and the challenges are analyzed.

Satellite Communication Networks System Systems for satellite communication networks include the technological set-ups and supporting infrastructure used for the transmission & reception of voice, video, and data signals. By utilising satellite technology to help with the transmission of information across several Earth locations, these networks enable long-distance communication. Ground stations, satellite systems, & user terminals are the main components of satellite communication networks. The importance of communication via satellite network structures in research cuts across several fields, underscoring the critical role they play. These systems play a crucial role in creating global connectedness and facilitating communication, highlighting the importance of this area of study. Satellite communication networks have a number of advantages, including the ability to connect to remote or inaccessible areas, abundant bandwidth capacity, and global coverage. They have several uses, including in remote sensing, disaster management, internet connectivity, broadcasting, and telecommunications. The Additional Ratio rating approach is a decision-making process used to evaluate and rank options by taking into account a number of factors. It comprises giving each criterion a weight and assessing how well the alternatives perform in comparison to a reference option. The ARAS technique calculates an overall score over each alternative by combining these weighted performance ratios. The choice with the greatest score is considered to be the best one. In situations where several criteria are present, the ARAS technique provides decision-makers with a systematic framework for efficiently evaluating and comparing alternatives. Laser communication, optical networks, satellite optical communication, vibrations, satellite networks Solar Radiation Pressure, Thermal Bending, Solar and Lunar Gravity, Micro Meteorite impacts, Earth oblations effects Through the rank table, we can get the rank of alternative parameters. Whereas satellite optical communication is in 1st position and satellite networks is in 5th position. First ranking satellite optical communication is obtained with the lowest quality of satellite networks.

This paper explores the challenges and constraints when over the horizon (OTH) maritime surveillance service utilizes an Internet of Things (IoT) as its backbone. The service is based on High Frequency Surface Wave Radars (HFSWRs) and relies on a satellite communication network as its communication infrastructure in harsh environments. The complete IoT OTH maritime surveillance network is currently deployed in the Gulf of Guinea, which due to its tropical climate represents an unfavorable environment for sensors and communications. In this paper, we have examined the service performance under various meteorological conditions specific to the Gulf of Guinea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of IoT OTH maritime surveillance service in equatorial environment. Our analysis aims to mathematically describe the impact of harsh weather conditions on the performance of the service in order to mitigate it with careful overall system design and provide constant quality of the service. Analyses presented in the paper show that average service latency is about 90 s, but it can rise to about 120 s, which is used as a key information during the sensor data fusion algorithm design. Validity of the analyses is demonstrated through high quality of service with an outage probability of just 0.1% in the driest months up to the 0.7% in the rainiest months. The work presented here can be used as a guideline for deployment of maritime surveillance service solutions in other equatorial regions. Moreover, the gained experience presented in this paper will significantly facilitate future expansions of the existing maritime surveillance network with more HFSWRs. This will be done in such a way that it will not affect the quality of service of the entire system on a large scale.

This paper describes a mobility management framework for train passenger communications centred on an IP-based hybrid high altitude platform (HAP)-Satellite network. With their inherent wide area coverage, satellites have been used to provide mobile communications services and Internet access for global vehicular transportation systems. In analogy, HAP networks can provide wireless communication services complementary to those offered by satellite and terrestrial networks. In this paper, an integrated HAP-Satellite communication network architecture is proposed to support mobile Internet access for train passengers. To ensure service continuity and service quality throughout the train journey, mobility management and QoS support need to be carefully designed, Mobile IP is adopted to support macro-mobility and to to provide transparent handover operation to service connections and RSVP is used to provide QoS support to ensure the required service quality of multimedia applications running over the hybrid HAP-Satellite train network is still satisfied during handover. However, combining Mobile IP with RSVP poses several challenges due to the difference in their operation layers. In this paper, a handover algorithm that integrates Mobile IP and RSVP to simultaneously support mobility and QoS is derived. A signaling interface that can either loosely or tightly couple Mobile IP and RSVP is described. The associated signaling protocols are also presented in this paper.

This paper extends previous research efforts related to the simulation performance modelling and analysis of satellite communication networks. Specifically, the use of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks for personal communications is examined. Six different satellite constellation configurations are investigated in a packet-switched operating environment. Performance metrics examined are the end-to-end packet delay and the utilization of satellite channels in the dynamic environment. Realistic and accurate models of the physical satellite network and its terrestrial transmitters require that numerous operating characteristics and assumptions be specified. These are based on proposed design requirements of commercial systems, such as Iridium. Via the use of simulation, we show the relative delay and utilization performance of differing satellite network architectures. From these simulation models, mathematical metamodels are derived for the system delays. These innovative models are used to predict the delay performance of different network architectures not previously simulated. Comparison of these metamodels with simulation results show that metamodels provide an accurate means for performance prediction. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The relationship between the user perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) with Internet applications and the Quality of Service (QoS) of the underlying network and applications is complex. Unveiling statistical relations between QoE and QoS can boost the prediction and diagnosis of QoE. In this paper, we shed light on the relationship between QoE and QoS for a popular application: YouTube video streaming. We conducted a controlled study where we asked users to rate their perceived quality of YouTube videos under different network conditions. During this experiments, we also captured network QoS and application QoS. We then analyze the resulting dataset with SES, a feature selection algorithm that identifies multiple, minimal-size, statistically-equivalent signatures with maximal predictive power for a target variable (e.g., QoE). We found that we can build optimal QoE predictors using a minimal signature of only three features from application or network QoS metrics compared to four when we consider features from both layers.

Satellite communication networks with onboard processing (OBP) satellites can provide high-speed data transmission rates and global service coverage with reduced propagation delays. This article proposes a means of analyzing the quantitative reliability of the satellite communication network systems. First, we identify the four major factors that affect the quality of network services: the OBP states, uplink channels, downlink channels, and uplink packet collision losses. Based on these four factors, a Markov model is derived to analyze the probability distributions of various network states. Analytic results show the network reliability with respect to the OBP structures and space radiation environments. The relationship between network reliability and throughput according to the packet traffic load is also quantitatively analyzed. Finally, based on the developed model, a method is suggested for iteratively updating the reliability distribution of network systems affected by changes in the four factors as well as network access time changes. The numerical results show an indication of the satellite network reliability to provide references whether adjusted elements of the four factors are eligible to sustain reliable end-to-end services.

Quality of Service (QoS) and Inter-domain traffic control are the current research topics in the fields of computer communication and IP Telephony in Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) and Wi-Fi network. By appropriate design and implementation of QoS and traffic control in a corporate network a significant amount of bandwidth and thereby money can be saved. Performance and reliability are also enhanced in this process. In the current QoS framework emphasis has only been put on layer 2 and layer 3, using traffic classification, scheduling and provisioning. Also, there is no effective means of measuring an agency's QoS implementation level. In this paper we have proposed a new QoS framework which includes QoS at all 7 layers of OSI reference model. We have also introduced a new technique, Quality of Service Quotient (QoSQ) for measuring an agency's QoS posture. We have implemented QoS in a NSW government agency following this new QoS framework and have provided ‘bandwidth’ usage data for both pre and post QoS implementation. The data shows considerable subscribed bandwidth savings (55%) and increased average bandwidth usage (30%).

The IEEE 802.11n supports high data rate transmissions due its physical layer Multiple Input ‎Multiple Output (MIMO) advanced antenna system and MAC layer enhancement features (frame ‎aggregation and block acknowledgement). As a result this standard is very suitable for multimedia ‎services through its Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA). This paper focuses on ‎evaluating the Quality of Service (QoS) application on the performance of the IEEE 802.11n ‎random topology WLAN. Three different number of nodes (3, 9 and 18) random topology with one ‎access point are modeled and simulated by using the Riverbed OPNET 17.5 Modular to ‎investigate the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) performance for different spatial streams. ‎The result clarified the impact of QoS application and showed that its effect is best at the 18 node ‎number topology. For a 4x4 MIMO, when QoS is applied and with respect to the no QoS ‎application case, simulation results show a maximum improvement of 86.4%, 33.9%, 52.2% and ‎‎68.9% for throughput, delay, data drop and retransmission attempts, respectively. ‎

Making a satellite system a fully functional Internet router has challenges because the characteristics of satellite communication networks are mismatched to most common Internet link technologies in several important ways. Under some error conditions, "multiple segment losses within a single window" happens frequently and traditional selective acknowledgment (SACK) implementation may force the TCP sender to retransmit packets that have already been received successfully by the receiver. This paper puts forward a proposed SACK+ implementation to prevent unwanted retransmission in satellite communication networks. On the other hand, in order to provide a fair bandwidth allocation to each of n flows that share the outgoing link of a congested router and to overcome low efficiency when the number of high-volume sources is small, we propose CHOKe+ (choose and keep for responsive flows, choose and kill for unresponsive flows+) as the fair queuing policy in satellite communication networks. We show that the proposed implementation of SACK+/CHOKe+ makes a good tradeoff between "efficiency" and "fairness" by NS2 simulations.

Satellite communication networks have been widely used to provide essential communication services, including voice communication, global positioning, message communication, etc. However, sorts of network attacks are easy to be launched in these networks due to the limited computation capability and communication width, long communication delay, and intermittent link connection. In this paper, we first propose a new [E]ncryption-based [M]utual [A]uthentication and [K]ey [U]pdate (EMAKU) protocol in satellite communication networks. Next we analyze the security of the EMAKU protocol under two classic network attacks which are replay attack and man-in-the-middle attack. Finally, experiments show that the EMAKU protocol is 21.5% faster than the traditional encryption-based authentication protocols, and the average time of key update of the EMAKU protocol is about 450.01 ms.

This research uses the concurrent embedded design approach. The objective of this research is to identify the regional regulation of Probolinggo Regency in the health sector in an effort to improve the quality of lower-class health services and the factors or obstacles in the implementation of health policies as well as to know the quality of the health services delivered to that poor community. The results show that the provision of lower-class health services is in the form of JKN membership (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional or National Health Insurance) held by BPJS (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial or Social Security Agency) in the health sector through PBI (Penerima Bantuan Iuranor Beneficiaries); Jamkesda (Jaminan Kesehatan Daerah or Regional Health Insurance) funds sharingparticipants; through a statement of incapacity (SKTM or Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu). In this matter, the policy is in the form of Regent Decree number 12 of 2015 concerning the lower-class health services which are not included in JKN and Jamkesda at RSUD Waluyo Jati Kraksaan Probolinggo (Waluyo Jati Kraksaan Probolinggo Regional Public Hospital). The factor which becomes the obstacle in the policy implementation is the lack of specialist doctors such as a dermatologist and surgeon. The regional budget also becomes a barrier to meet various health facilities and infrastructure. Besides that, the problem from the lower class itself is the reluctance of the family to be referred to a government hospital (East Java Province) due to their incapability to meet the living and transportation expenses while they wait for the patient. Therefore, quantitatively, the policy implementation to improve the lower-class health services is able to make a positive contribution to the quality of health services in a public hospital. It is also known that various variable indicators are in a good category. Nevertheless, certain indicators still not good and need deep improvements in the service. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/pjiap.v4i1.2343

The provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS) has become one of the central issues in B3G mobile network design and analysis. The implementation of QoS in the actual network must be established on the end-to-end basis and must provide the service performance levels to obtain the required quality of experience for the users. To address the issue, this paper introduces a multi-classes-based end-to-end quality of service structure to optimize mapping of application level QoS parameters into network-level QoS parameters. Then an algorithm to provide flexible QoS services in B3G networks is provided: Multi-Classes-based Comparative Fairness algorithm (MCCF). In this algorithm, we introduce a weight parameter which could modulate these pure opportunistic resource allocations in order to provide comparative fairness while preserving the system throughput maximization. Simulation results demonstrate the MCCF could get comparative fairness while preserve higher performance simultaneously.

The integrated information network is a large capacity information network that integrates various communication platforms on the ground, at sea, in the air and in the deep air through the inter-satellite and satellite-ground links to acquire information accurately, process it quickly, and transmit it efficiently. The satellite communication, as an important part of integrated information networks, is one of main approaches to acquire, process and distribute communication information and resources. In this paper, based on current researches of the satellite communication network, we put forward a 3-layer satellite communication network model based on the Software Defined Network (SDN). Meanwhile, to improve current routing policies of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication network, we put forward an Adaptive Routing Algorithm (ARA) to sustain the shortest satellite communication link. Experiment results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce link distance and communication delay, and realize adaptive path planning.

The rapid advance of communication and satellite technology pushes broadband satellite networks to carry on multimedia traffic. However, the function of onboard routing cannot be provided in existing satellite networks with inter‐satellite links, and quality of service (QoS) of satellite networks cannot be reliably guaranteed because of great difficulties in processing of long distance‐dependent traffic. In this paper, a two‐layered low‐Earth orbit and medium‐Earth orbit satellite network (LMSN) is presented. A novel hierarchical and distributed QoS routing protocol (HDRP) is investigated, and an adaptive bandwidth‐constrained minimum‐delay path algorithm is developed to calculate routing tables efficiently using the QoS metric information composed of delays and bandwidth. The performance of LMSN and HDRP is also evaluated through simulations and theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.