Enhancing Protection Techniques of E-Banking Security Services Using Open Source Cryptographic Algorithms

With the rapid growth of the internet, broadcast communication has become an important issue for many different areas and applications. The broadcast communication allows a source to send messages to all or certain group of the users connected to the source. Secure encryption algorithms are often used to ensure that message transmission is secure Today's encryption algorithms, regarded as reliable, include Diffie-Hellman key exchange. In this study, the creation of a common secret key value from the root node to the user is considered and compared with other methods by applying Diffie-Hellman key exchange on Logical Key Hierarchy (LKH) which is a broadcast communication scheme.

Protecting the contents of medical records is of paramount importance when it comes to preserving patients’ privacy. Most existing cryptographic-based solutions rely on traditional encryption algorithms having a multi-round structure, which introduces processing latency and requires increased resources. Medical images possess special characteristics compared to other types of images. The main goal of this paper is to leverage these characteristics to design and implement an efficient and secure encryption algorithm for such images. The proposed solution defines three variants of encryption algorithms: (a) full, (b) middle-full, and (c) selective. The full approach encrypts all sub-matrices of an image, while the middle-full variant is a middle solution between the selective and full algorithms and its goal is to just hide the type of the medical image. Selective encryption identifies a set of sub-matrices of an image according to a statistical average test, known as region of interest (ROI). In the three approaches, a high security level is ensured since each image is encrypted independently of the previous and next images. Also, all primitives of the proposed cipher, such as permutation and substitution, depend on a dynamic key. Furthermore, the encryption scheme is efficient since the proposed round function is lightweight and applied for only one round. This reduces the latency and the required resources as compared to traditional cryptographic schemes. The proposed approach is flexible as it can be applied in either selective, middle-full, or full mode. Also, the size of a sub-matrix is variable and can be changed according to the available memory size. Several security and performance tests are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution. The results validate the robustness of the proposed scheme against almost all considered types of attacks and show an improvement in terms of latency and resources compared to current image-encryption schemes. Also, the results confirm the robustness of the proposed algorithm in protecting the contents of medical images.

Cloud is a virtual environment which provides huge amount of storage to cloud users. It is more useful to small and medium scale enterprises for their initial startup. It simplifies the work burden in maintaining the server and storage from users' side. Cloud has serious dispute in securing the data from unauthorized access. If users' sensitive data are stored in cloud then it must be secured. Security of data is ensured by encryption algorithms but not all traditional encryption algorithms do so in cloud. To product the data in cloud, this paper proposes an Enhanced Encryption Algorithm (EEA) for securing the data in cloud storage. This is a symmetric encryption algorithm. It uses same key for encrypting and decrypting the data before stored in to cloud. Result of the proposed EEA produces different ciphertext for same plaintext. It confuses the cryptanalyst (hackers) to get the original data. Hence this EEA is efficient hiding techniques for public cloud.

Cryptographic technique is one of the principal means to protect information security. Not only has it to ensure the information confidential, but also provides digital signature, authentication, secret sub-storage, system security and other functions. Therefore, the encryption and decryption solution can ensure the confidentiality of the information, as well as the integrity of information and certainty, to prevent information from tampering, forgery and counterfeiting. Encryption and decryption algorithm's security depends on the algorithm while the internal structure of the rigor of mathematics, it also depends on the key confidentiality. Key in the encryption algorithm has a pivotal position, once the key was leaked, it means that anyone can be in the encryption system to encrypt and decrypt information, it means the encryption algorithm is useless. Therefore, what kind of data you choose to be a key, how to distribute the private key, and how to save both data transmission keys are very important issues in the encryption and decryption algorithm. This paper proposed an implementation of a complete and practical RSA encrypt/decrypt solution based on the study of RSA public key algorithm. In addition, the encrypt procedure and code implementation is provided in details.

GENDA: A Graph Embedded Network Based Detection Approach on encryption algorithm of binary program

The widespread use of images, especially color images and rapid advancement of computer science, have led to an emphasis on securing these images and defending them against intruders. One of the most popular ways to protect images is to use encryption algorithms that convert data in a way that is not recognized by someone other than the intended user. The Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm (AES) is one of the most protected encryption algorithms. However, due to various types of theoretical and practical assaults, like a statistical attack, differential analysis, and brute force attack, its security is under attack.
 In this paper, a modified AES coined as (M-AES) is proposed to improve the efficiency of the AES algorithm by increasing the algorithm's security to make the algorithm more suitable for color image encryption, and make it more resistant to many attacks. The modification is conducted on ShiftRows transformation of the original AES algorithm. To test the efficiency of the proposed M-AES algorithm, several images are drawn from the Signal and Image Processing Institute's (SIPI) image dataset. Moreover, the Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Entropy (H), Correlation Coefficient (CC), visual evaluation of histogram, Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) are used as an evaluation metric. The results show that proposed modification to the AES algorithm makes the algorithm more appropriate to image and surpasses the original AES. 
 The modification is conducted on ShiftRows step of the original AES algorithm. To test the efficiency of the proposed M-AES algorithm, several images are drawn from the signal and image processing institute's (SIPI) image dataset. Moreover, the mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), entropy (H), correlation coefficient (CC), visual evaluation of histogram, number of pixels change rate (NPCR) and unified average changing intensity (UACI) are used as an evaluation metrics. The results show that the suggested modification to AES makes it's more appropriate to the image and surpasses the original AES.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the emerging fields of technology, which allows the appliance of Smart Home to connect via the internet for communicating and sharing data between them. However, ensuring the security of IoT devices is challenging for their processing and power consumption. IoT devices are resource-constrained, and traditional encryption algorithms are computationally expensive for these small-size and low-powered devices. In this research, an efficient and effective lightweight cryptographic scheme is presented for securing communication between IoT Home devices based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). It ensures complete protection against security risks such as authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and key agreement and protects against common cyber attacks. We have conducted an experimental evaluation to demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform the state-of-the-art cryptographic techniques, which significantly improves the security and reduces the storage and communication cost.KeywordsIoTSmart HomeConfidentialityECCSecurityLightweight cryptographyAuthenticationIntegrity

Nowadays, the development of information technology can be described as extremely rapid, especially with the widespread use of the Internet; the security of communications in the network has become an important issue we are facing. The purpose of this article is to solve the problems in today’s network security data encryption algorithms. Starting from the computer network communication security data encryption algorithm, we discuss the effects of several different encryption methods on improving network security. The research results show that it is known that the application of link encryption algorithm in network communication security encryption algorithm can increase the security index by 25%, the node encryption algorithm can increase the security index by 35%, and the end‐to‐end encryption algorithm can make the cyber activity safety index to increase by 40%. Among them, RSA algorithm and DES algorithm are two very representative algorithms; they represent different encryption systems. From the perspective of network data link, there are three methods of encryption algorithm, namely, link encryption algorithm, node encryption algorithm, and end‐to‐end encryption algorithm.

Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart grids has revolutionized the energy sector, enabling real-time data collection and efficient energy distribution. However, this integration also introduces significant security challenges, particularly data encryption. Traditional encryption algorithms used in IoT are vulnerable to various attacks, and the advent of quantum computing exacerbates these vulnerabilities. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a novel encryption mechanism, the Quantum-Resistant Hybrid Encryption for IoT (QRHE-IoT), designed to enhance the security of communications in IoT-enabled smart grids. QRHE-IoT combines the strengths of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms and incorporates quantum-resistant algorithms to provide robust security. This paper explains the QRHE-IoT mechanism, its theoretical basis, and how it addresses the security challenges in smart grid communications. It also presents the results of tests conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of QRHE-IoT in a simulated smart grid environment. The proposed QRHE-IoT mechanism presents a promising solution to these challenges, offering robust security for smart grid communications in the face of emerging threats, including quantum computing.

The study of trigonometric relationships is a result of a combination of mathematics and engineering techniques. It plays an important role in computer network systems, and its applications are involved in all aspects of computer network systems, which mainly include data storage, information retrieval, and retrieval. Big data technology can analyze and integrate massive and complex information, make effective use of data, and provide an important basis for computer network security control. At present, traditional encryption algorithms mainly deal with information data through the use of cryptographic theory, but with the progress of the times, there are higher requirements for the security of data for transmission. For instance, cryptography proposes the principle of confidentiality and uses key generation, plain text flow processes, and encryption algorithms to control the flow of ciphertext, all of which require extensive research on network system security. In this paper, we will study the network security control method of a big data model of triangular fuzzy quotient function relationships and build a targeted and widely applicable computer network system security mat system with high practical value. According to the proposed model, it has the highest accuracy at 94.5%, precision at 93.6%, and recall at 93.8. The results obtained demonstrate a noteworthy enhancement in performance when compared to the current techniques.

To solve the problem of poor security and performance caused by traditional encryption algorithm in the cloud data storage, we propose a cascade ciphering with randomized algorithm. The multiple encryption is a process to encrypt the data multiple times using the same algorithm or different algorithms, to provide multilayer and multilevel security over unreliable wireless network during communication. The encryption algorithms are AES, MD5, SHA 129, SHA 256, Whirlpool and Blowfish.

Traditional encryption algorithms cannot be implemented on Internet of Things (IoT) devices due to their constrained computational resources. This necessitates the search and development of cryptographic solutions for securing data processed and transmitted by such devices. When encrypting data on devices with limited computational resources, simple encryption algorithms based on elementary bitwise operations, such as bitwise modulo-2 addition (XOR), can be utilized since these operations execute in a single processor cycle and do not require complex computations. However, a drawback of such operations is their invertibility—knowing the encryption key enables easy decryption by applying the same operation to the ciphertext. Ensuring the reliability of such ciphers requires continuous generation of random encryption keys.This work explores the functionality of the linear congruential method for generating sequences of random numbers. Several entropy sources available on microcontrollers are presented for the initial generator value, along with proposed algorithms for collecting initial data from these sources. The use of noise from unconnected pins of the analog-to-digital converter is suggested as the primary entropy source, while the uninitialized area of the microcontroller’s random-access memory serves as an additional source. A method for generating random sequences using the specified entropy sources is implemented and the algorithm’s performance is evaluated, specifically the key characteristic—randomness of the encryption key. The NIST STS 800-22 test suite is employed for evaluation. In all tests, the random sequence generation algorithm demonstrated results confirming the hypothesis that the sequence can be considered random.

Encryption provides security for databases. This paper provides a new encryption algorithm ,”Reverse Encryption Algorithm (REА)“. Furthermore, designing a REA algorithm has improved data encryption security. Safe and successful proposed encryption algorithm REA is evaluated and compared with the most common encryption algorithms. The designing of the REA algorithm also improves the security of data encryption. Additionally, the safety and the performance of the suggested encryption algorithm REА represents evaluation and enhancement with the most common encryption algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed encryption algorithm REA surpasses other encryption algorithms in performance and security of databases. All in all, the proposed encryption algorithm REA achieves a balance between security and efficiency.

In today's interconnected digital landscape, network integrity, efficiency, and security are paramount for business, institutional, and personal interactions. This chapter focuses on delving into the functionalities of Wireshark, offering an extensive exploration of packet inspection methodologies and effective strategies to mitigate the risks associated with password sniffing attacks. It involves capturing and analyzing network traffic, examining key protocols like HTTP, DNS, SMTP, and more, and demonstrating data transmission across the network Through practical demonstrations readers are guided through the process of deploying Wireshark to capture and analyze network packets in real-time. Focused on thwarting password sniffing—a common tactic used by adversaries to intercept and decrypt sensitive data, including login credentials. Wireshark enables readers to identify and counter common password-sniffing techniques. The chapter also covers proactive steps like adopting secure protocols, encryption algorithms, and best password management practices.

ABSTRACTRecently, in chaotic cryptography several new techniques have been suggested to develop efficient and secure image encryption algorithm for communication of image over insecure/public channels. Some of these techniques are computationally less complex but fails to provide sufficient security, and some techniques are though highly secured but increases computational overhead for encryption and decryption. This paper presents an efficient bit-plane encryption algorithm using chaotic, quadratic, and cubic maps. The proposed algorithm is based on the confusion, diffusion, and pixel randomisation processes. The encryption security of this technique for different bit-plane has been tested through key space analysis, statistical analysis, entropy analysis, and sensitivity analysis for real time image encryption and transmission. The presented algorithm shows the strength of security in terms of information entropy, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), number of pixels change rate (NPCR), unified average changing intensity (UACI), and correlation coefficient with the number of encrypted bit planes. It is clear that the strength of security increases with the number of encrypted bit planes, but the presented results demand that the level of security reached to the requirements (expected theoretically according to [C. Fu, et al., Optic Express, 20, 2363–78, Jan. 2012]) after encryption of four to six bit planes with reasonable small encryption/decryption time. This features proved the novelty of the proposed work. The algorithm is tested by the random and pseudo-random sequence of test standard SP 8000-22 released by National Institute of Standard and Technology Commission (NIST).