Enterprise System Development in Higher Education

“One system for everyone” has been an ideal goal for information technology (IT) management in many large organizations, and the deployment of such systems has been a major trend in corporate world under the name of enterprise systems (ES) (Brown & Vessey, 2003; Davenport, 2000; Markus, Petrie, & Axline, 2000). Benefits from ES use are claimed to be significant and multidimensional, ranging from operational improvements through decision-making enhancement to support for strategic goals (Shang & Seddon, 2002). However, studies (Hanseth & Braa, 2001; Rao, 2000; Robey, Ross, & Boudreau, 2002) of the deployment of ES in private sector organizations show that the ideal is difficult to accomplish. This paper reports a case in which a major university system in the US attempted to develop an in-house enterprise system. The system is currently used by more than 4,000 individual users in almost 20 universities and state agencies. This case offers a historical analysis of the design, implementation and use of the system from its inception in the mid 1980s to the present. This case indicates that ES design and implementation in higher education are quite challenging and complex due to unique factors in the public sector — including state mandates/requirements, IT leadership/resources, value systems, and decentralized organizational structure among other things — that must be taken into account in planning, designing and implementing ES (Ernst, Katz, & Sack, 1994; Lerner, 1999; McCredie, 2000). This case highlights (1) the challenges and issues in the rationale behind “one system for everyone” and (2) some differences as well as similarities in IT management between the private and public sectors. It offers some unique opportunities to discuss issues, challenges and potential solutions for the deployment of ES in the public arena, particularly in higher education.

“One system for everyone” has been an ideal goal for information technology (IT) management in many large organizations, and the deployment of such systems has been a major trend in corporate world under the name of enterprise systems (ES) (Brown & Vessey, 2003; Davenport, 2000; Markus, Petrie, & Axline, 2000). Benefits from ES use are claimed to be significant and multidimensional, ranging from operational improvements through decision-making enhancement to support for strategic goals (Shang & Seddon, 2002). However, studies (Hanseth & Braa, 2001; Rao, 2000; Robey, Ross, & Boudreau, 2002) of the deployment of ES in private sector organizations show that the ideal is difficult to accomplish. This chapter reports a case in which a major university system in the U.S. attempted to develop an in-house enterprise system. The system is currently used by more than 4,000 individual users in almost 20 universities and state agencies. This case offers a historical analysis of the design, implementation and use of the system from its inception in the mid 1980s to the present. This case indicates that ES design and implementation in higher education are quite challenging and complex due to unique factors in the public sector—including state mandates/requirements, IT leadership/resources, value systems, and decentralized organizational structure among other things—that must be taken into account in planning, designing and implementing ES (Ernst, Katz, & Sack, 1994; Lerner, 1999; McCredie, 2000). This case highlights (1) the challenges and issues in the rationale behind “one system for everyone” and (2) some differences as well as similarities in IT management between the private and public sectors. It offers some unique opportunities to discuss issues, challenges and potential solutions for the deployment of ES in the public arena, particularly in higher education.

Present standards guiding the corporate governance of information technology (IT) provide useful frameworks for organizations’ governing bodies to direct the effective use of information technology (IT) within their organizations. However, existing standards still fail to resolve the dilemma regarding the actual allocation of IT roles and responsibilities between governing bodies and IT management, while such an allocation represents a major challenge in many contemporary organizations. To advance on this issue, we explore IT managers’ interpretation of the allocation of IT roles and responsibilities to either the governing body or managerial levels in nine Ibero-American Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). We used the ISO/IEC 38500 and COBIT standards to define a unique set of 212 management and governance activities and responsibilities. We surveyed 30 IT managers in Higher Education Institutions from nine Ibero-American countries and identified the divergence in the allocation of IT Governance and Management tasks between respondents and expert judgments. Using regression analysis, we show that the degree of such divergence depends on organizational contingency factors such as the formalization of IT procedures, centralization, the complexity of the organization, and the size of IT departments. This is the first study in the literature conducting a thorough analysis of IT task allocation between the governing level and the management level. This study is also the first to identify four organizational factors influencing the divergence between respondents and expert opinion regarding this allocation. The findings and propositions presented in this paper have the potential to extend our understanding of the IT governance dilemma in other professional organizations similar to HEIs.

Since the 1990s, organizations have gradually become involved in the transformation of their information technology (IT) management process. In order to determine the direction of IT development in correlation with business needs, a consolidated management approach is imposed. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the maturity level of IT management process in an organization. For this purpose, an empirical study in a Romanian public service company was done by using the benchmarking technique and Capability Maturity Model to describe the maturity level of IT management process. Four benchmarking classes, including a number of 24 benchmarks, were taken into account to focus on the main key issues - IT management strategy and IT planning; alignment of business strategy, IT strategy, organizational structure, and IT infrastructure; and information systems security management. The study reveals that the IT management process is mainly focused on technological dimension and less on the managerial one. It was observed that IT managers have a low awareness of managerial skills in planning, organizing, controlling, and leading the IT activities. Practical implication of the study presents two major issues: 1) on one hand, the need to approach a transversal vision in managing the IT process by aligning it to a complex set of choices, reflecting both a strategic and functional perspective and, 2) on the other hand, this study may be useful for managers looking to improve management of the IT department as well as the quality of their services. The study also indicates specific recommendations to refine the IT management process of Romanian companies.

Public sector information technology (IT) departments are facing a myriad of challenges (e.g., budget cuts, service expansions, and political turmoil) in addition to the constant and rapid technological changes facing private sector firms. One way to meet these challenges may be through the development of the organization's absorptive capacity. Absorptive capacity refers to an organization's ability to recognize the value of new information, assimilate it, and use it to address organizational challenges associated with external change [6]. Few researchers have focused on absorptive capacity in public sector organizations. The purpose of this research is to ascertain how state IT departments, specifically Chief Information Officers (CIOs) and IT managers, view their external environment and their departments' ability to absorb new information. The findings are derived from a national survey of state IT departments in the United States and indicate that for CIOs and IT managers the external environment and organizational culture are significant in predicting potential absorptive capacity. These variables are significant for the IT managers as a group, but for the CIOs as a group, only external environment is significant. These findings may be used by state IT management to increase the organization's ability to be aware of, identify, and take effective advantage of new knowledge and innovative technologies.

The importance of efficient and effective management of information technology (IT) in order to better leverage IT strategically has often been emphasized. However, most cases on IT management involve companies in the private sector rather than those in the public sector. In this paper, we examine IT management at a government agency, namely the Housing and Development Board. A holistic IT management approach encompassing the formulation and implementation of the Information Systems Plan (ISP), Information Systems Work Plan (ISWP), Quality Management System (QMS) and IT Training Strategy, are presented and lessons learnt are discussed.

Organizations are increasingly dependent on Information Technology (IT) and IT Management takes on greater importance each day. However the role of IT Management in many organizations has not gone much beyond being considered as a technological support and not as the strategic ally. Public institutions are no stranger to this reality. The present article presents the characteristics and It governance maturity level in 10 Peruvian public institutions as a result of a survey directed to 59 IT managers, on the principles of ISO/IEC 38500. The results show that there are weaknesses in the IT governance implementation and it is necessary to initiate a sensitization process to the authorities at the highest level to improve the current situation.

An overview of the motivation and objectives of this dissertation is provided in the first chapter.Additionally, the first section presents the main research question that guides this dissertation.After that, the systematic literature on IT management is introduced, which makes up Chapter Two of this dissertation.Afterwards, each of the three studies conducted as a part of this dissertation is introduced.Lastly, the first Chapter ends with a conclusion to the introduction.Chapter 1 reduced waste, fraud, waiting times, and the amount of labour required by humans in the primary fast-food ordering and hamburger preparation processes.A fast food restaurant's ordering procedure is simply one illustration of an information process in an organisation.It is used to demonstrate how widespread the benefits of managing information technology (IT) are in terms of increased productivity and improved services.Of course, hamburger restaurants are only a small subset of the organisations in our society.It is commonly known that IT is highly relevant in our current society.This can also be deducted from the size of worldwide IT spending, which will be an estimated $5,1 trillion in 2024 (Gartner [2023]).In 2017, 93% of European workplaces used computers and digital technology is applied for managing information in all types of jobs, including in sectors not traditionally related to digitisation such as farming, health care, and construction (Commission [2017]).The European Commission has set the target of pushing the 54% of the population who possess at least basic digital skills in 2021 to 80% in 2030 (Commission [2022]).Or, as Barisic et al. [2018] state, 'IT transforms all sectors of the economy and influences society in many different ways', and according to Zong and Wang [2022] 'IT profoundly affects the economic development of a country or region'.Industry 1.0 (mechanical production using water and steam) and 2.0 (mass production using electrical energy) from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are followed by IT-heavy successors: industry 3.0 (IT systems) and 4.0, that leverages the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Cloud Computing (Coppolino et al. [2021]; Demir et al. [2019]).Industry 5.0 is, although not yet clearly defined, also forecast to have a strong focus on IT over the harmonisation of working space and efficiency of humans and technology (Maddikunta et al. [2022]).This dissertation is placed in the field of 'IT Management'.The management of IT infrastructure and the assistance it provides organisations in controlling the risks and limitations associated with IT operations are widely acknowledged objectives of IT management (Hundal et al. [2022]).In addition to these operational tasks, IT management also involves strategic components such as product and service et al. [2016]) was preferred above covariance-based models such as LISREL and Artificial Neural Networks (Hackl and Westlund [2000]) as it deals more robustly with multicollinearity since the model reduces the biases of the estimates of large coefficients (Cassel and Westlund [1999]).PLS has shown this robustness in Monte Carlo simulations (Westlund and Parmler [2008]).Furthermore, PLS is shown to be robust to skewed data (Cassel and Westlund [1999]).Eleven out of twelve hypotheses on the Theory of Planned Behaviour were supported.There was just one hypothesis that could not be proven to be significant: that attitude regarding Project Management increases the intention to use PM.The results indicate that Subjective Norm has a significantly higher predictive power on intentions than Perceived Behavioural Control, which is contrary to the initial expectation.From a scientific perspective, this study confirms the robustness of TPB for describing Behaviour in IT management.The findings of this study provide practitioners with clear instruments to steer the behaviour of IT management.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if perceptions that women and men hold toward careers in information technology (IT) and toward women working in IT create potential barriers that may prevent women managers from pursuing careers in IT.Design/methodology/approachA field study was designed to test the hypotheses. The subjects were graduate students pursuing either an MBA or IT management degree.FindingsThe results revealed that males had greater self‐efficacy for IT occupations, greater passion for computing, and less positive attitudes toward capabilities of women in IT. Our prediction that career barriers would intensify for women who chose an IT management option was not supported. These findings suggest that traditional work role expectations concerning women's efficacy for careers in IT still persist.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was limited by its focus on subjects in the early stages of a management career. To gain a better understanding of the barriers that women face in IT career fields, longitudinal studies are needed to track these barriers throughout the career development process.Practical implicationsIf organisations want to attract, retain, and advance women managers in IT fields, they must proactively address gender role biases and create work environments that build self‐efficacy expectations for women, as well as for men.Originality/valueMuch of the research on career barriers women face in IT is based on qualitative studies and anecdotal evidence. This study provides empirical evidence that barriers still exist for women in IT despite the enhanced demand for IT professionals and managers over the past decade.

The need for establishing a link between information technology (IT) management strategies and a firm's competitive strategy has been identified and discussed in the literature. In this paper, factors for measuring IT management sophistication are identified first. Then the effects of the competitive strategy on IT management sophistication are tested empirically. According to a survey of 213 managers, this study finds that competitive strategy has a direct impact on IT management sophistication. This paper concludes with implications for both researchers and practitioners.

IT Governance is a branch of the corporate governance system focused on information technology (IT) as well as performance and risk management. IT Governance is defined as the processes that ensure the effective and efficient use of IT in enabling an organization to achieve its goal. There are many different frameworks that can be used for managing the delivery of cost-effective IT services. IT managing the delivery of cost-effective IT services does not always give the advantage to the company. There are times when the IT managing the delivery of cost-effective IT services does not provide any benefit, it can cause IT Productivity Paradox. IT Productivity Paradox can be prevented, one is to analyze the processes undertaken with IT. From this analysis we will get the significance of the relationship processes with the IT Goal. The significance will be seen which one significant process and which one are not significant to the IT Goal. If the IT process there are not significant to the IT Goal, the process does not need to be repaired because it has no effect on IT Goal. Existing IT governance frameworks are COBIT, ITIL, ISO 20000, 17799/27001, Six Sigma, etc. The IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL), initially developed in the UK by the Office of Government Commerce (OGC), is gaining traction in the global IT community as a framework for IT governance. ISO 20000-focusing upon IT service management. ISO 17799 / ISO 27001 - focusing upon information. Six Sigma-focusing upon operational performance and defect identification. COBIT - framework for information IT management risks. Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) provides good practices across a domain and process framework and presents activities in a manageable and logical structure. COBIT’s good practices represent the consensus of experts. They are strongly focused more on control, less on execution. These practices will help optimise IT-enabled investments, ensure service delivery and provide a measure against which to judge when things do go wrong. This research is intend to find out whether Cobit mapping Business Goal to IT Goal appropriate with case study. The result The results using SEM approach shows that the mapping of COBIT is not significant in the case studies of academic administration.

The implementation of financial report management applications based on Android information technology in mosques has become a significant innovation in the application of Shariah economic law. This research investigates the effectiveness of applying this information technology in managing mosque financial reports. An experimental research method was used involving the development of a specific Android application to record and track financial transactions in accordance with Shariah principles. The results indicate a significant improvement in the accuracy, speed, and reliability of financial reporting after the implementation of this application. Furthermore, the application enhances transparency and accountability in mosque financial management, thereby reinforcing the application of Shariah economic law in the context of mosque finances. Despite some challenges in adopting this technology, such as a lack of technological understanding, the benefits obtained are considerably greater. The implications of this study suggest that the use of information technology, such as the Android application, can enhance efficiency and compliance with Shariah economic principles in mosque financial management. The application of financial report management applications based on Android information technology in mosque financial management specifically focuses on implementing Shariah economic principles. This research explores the effectiveness of Android information technology in aiding the recording, reporting, and management of mosque finances in accordance with Shariah principles. The use of information technology in mosque financial management has significant implications for enhancing compliance with Shariah economic principles. This study highlights that the application of Android software in the context of mosque finances can make a significant contribution to Shariah-compliant fund management, with the potential to improve transparency, compliance, and efficiency in mosque financial management.

Actualmente muchas empresas tienen la necesidad de adoptar modelos y herramientas flexibles que permitan fortalecer la integración corporativa a partir de la gestión de variables de Tecnologías de la Información (TI). El desempeño de las variables asociadas a la gestión de TI incide directamente en el rendimiento de la empresa y en sus relaciones internas y externas. En esta investigación se propone un modelo de dirección estratégica que permite evaluar variables de Arquitectura Empresarial como enfoque de gestión de las TI para contribuir a la Integración del Sistema de Dirección de la Empresa. Su carácter adaptable permitió valorar y comparar resultados de desempeño de los sistemas de dirección en empresas cubanas de diferentes sectores.

Primary Health Care (PHC) serves as the frontline of national health systems, making digital transformation essential for improving service quality, efficiency, and coverage. This study aims to assess the level of Information Technology (IT) adoption and evaluate supporting management practices at Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) in Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using official secondary data obtained from government institutions, including the Ministry of Health, BPJS Kesehatan, and the Central Statistics Agency, with West Java Province designated as the study area. The analysis encompassed five dimensions: infrastructure availability, utilization of clinical information systems (SIMPUS/ASIK), IT human resource capacity, service performance indicators, and IT management maturity. The results indicate a high adoption rate of basic infrastructure such as internet access and computers; however, the utilization of core clinical systems, including ASIK and PCare, varies considerably across Puskesmas. Limited availability of dedicated IT personnel and insufficient IT management training for leadership were identified as key constraints. Overall, successful digital transformation in PHC depends not only on adequate infrastructure but also on strengthened management practices, particularly in human resource capacity, data governance, and effective use of clinical information systems to achieve improved service outcomes.

In a global environment, a key challenge of health care and information technology (IT) management involves increasing the knowledge of human rights issues and addressing the health disparities that result when human rights are violated. This chapter aims to promote the awareness and protection of basic human rights as a 21st century imperative. Drawing upon the human rights conceptual framework, the chapter focuses on the following objectives: First, the chapter highlights direct and indirect linkages between health and human rights, with an introduction to the principles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other health-related human rights documents. Second, the relevance of the globalization and the human rights framework for health care and IT management will be discussed. Third, the chapter presents initiatives in IT management solutions and policies with promising potential to enhance the health care and human rights situations of people around the world.