Equipment characterization and integration building a foundation for quality

The semiconductor manufacturing process is very complicated. The operations are performed on different tools, supplied by different vendors, forcing many semiconductor manufacturers to adopt computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). The challenge in integrating semiconductor-manufacturing environment comes from connectivity and configurability. The CIM strategy for semiconductor fab described in this paper, is developed using building blocks. The building blocks can be seen as a collection of resources-both physical and functional, which can be used individually. These building blocks interact within a loosely coupled framework for task execution, thus allowing the flexibility of adding/changing functionality with minimal impact on the existing system. This is demonstrated by adding various optional building blocks like real-time data acquisition and advanced process control blocks to the CIM application. The base application framework has been used to integrate more than 250 semiconductor manufacturing tools from various vendors at TI semiconductor fab.

The high permeability of household distributed photovoltaic is prevalent after its access. The connection between distributed generation and main network is cut off quickly and the energy storage device is used to realize energy storage. From the point of view of economy and rationality, the above-mentioned operation has become increasingly unable to meet the health of the grid after the access of distributed generation. In this paper, a construction scheme and operation strategy of household micro-grid including household energy efficiency management is designed by using equipment and equipment integration, equipment and system integration, system and system integration of household micro-grid and household energy efficiency management. It adds in-situ absorption capacity of distributed photovoltaic, realizes efficient integration of household energy efficiency management and household microgrid, effectively solves the problems of high permeability of household distributed generation, and has certain application value in the user side.

A significant effort in recent computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) development was carried out by SEMATECH who had laid out and created an open framework for the integration of manufacturing execution system applications running in semiconductor industries at the factory operation level. This paper presents the feasibility to incorporate basic manufacturing applications at the factory engineering level, which include product design, process planning, and material requirement planning, into the SEMATECH CIM framework to form a generic framework across both factory operation level and factory engineering level. The CIM framework established in this paper was aimed to provide a reusable integrated system framework that clearly specifies the functional interface boundaries and standard information model of the required components, in general, manufacturing systems at both factory operation and factory engineering levels. Standard unified modeling language (UML) diagrams and Petri nets have been utilized to model and analyze the specifications and dynamic behaviors of this generic CIM framework. The goal is to build a framework by creating a common, modular, flexible, and integrated object model that unifies an advanced object-oriented architecture concept and heterogeneous manufacturing application development in an open and multisupplier CIM system environment.

The growth of the Japanese steel industry has been supported by three factors: operation, equipment, and management technology. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the core of management technology. CIM's purpose is to improve production efficiency through computer integration of data covering the staff (design and production control) and management department as well as the production line process department (order entry, manufacturing, and shipment). In this paper, an overview of the Japanese steel industry's system development process is given and the steps taken in order to establish the CIM system are described. The organization, operation, and improvement of operational capability, along with marketing and production-related systems, are integrated. Furthermore, an integrated system model is given as a CIM conceptual model. In closing, reference is also made to the challenges facing CIM in the Japanese steel industry as well as future directions to be taken.

Concepts such as six sigma quality, continuous flow manufacturing (CFM), and computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) are critical components for success in manufacturing. However, there is much work involved in translating such concepts into competitive specific solutions that meet business objectives. Simulation provides an effective vehicle for defining the path from competitive concepts to real world solutions. This paper presents an overview of logistics management considerations in semiconductor manufacturing and describes the critical role of simulation in the development and implementation of an effective logistics solution.

Experiments with service-oriented architectures for industrial robotic cells programming

Integrated Energy Systems (IES) combine on-site power or distributed generation technologies with thermally activated technologies to provide cooling, heating, humidity control, energy storage and/or other process functions using thermal energy normally wasted in the production of electricity/power. IES produce electricity and byproduct thermal energy onsite, with the potential of converting 80 percent or more of the fuel into useable energy. IES have the potential to offer the nation the benefits of unprecedented energy efficiency gains, consumer choice and energy security. It may also dramatically reduce industrial and commercial building sector carbon and air pollutant emissions and increase source energy efficiency. Applications of distributed energy and Combined heat and power (CHP) in ''Commercial and Institutional Buildings'' have, however, been historically limited due to insufficient use of byproduct thermal energy, particularly during summer months when heating is at a minimum. In recent years, custom engineered systems have evolved incorporating potentially high-value services from Thermally Activated Technologies (TAT) like cooling and humidity control. Such TAT equipment can be integrated into a CHP system to utilize the byproduct heat output effectively to provide absorption cooling or desiccant humidity control for the building during these summer months. IES can therefore expand the potential thermal energy services and thereby extend the conventional CHP market into building sector applications that could not be economically served by CHP alone. Now more than ever, these combined cooling, heating and humidity control systems (IES) can potentially decrease carbon and air pollutant emissions, while improving source energy efficiency in the buildings sector. Even with these improvements over conventional CHP systems, IES face significant technological and economic hurdles. Of crucial importance to the success of IES is the ability to treat the heating, ventilation, air conditioning, water heating, lighting, and power systems loads as parts of an integrated system, serving the majority of these loads either directly or indirectly from the CHP output. The CHP Technology Roadmaps (Buildings and Industry) have focused research and development on a comprehensive integration approach: component integration, equipment integration, packaged and modular system development, system integration with the grid, and system integration with building and process loads. This marked change in technology research and development has led to the creation of a new acronym to better reflect the nature of development in this important area of energy efficiency: Integrated Energy Systems (IES). Throughout this report, the terms ''CHP'' and ''IES'' will sometimes be used interchangeably, with CHP generally reserved for the electricity and heat generating technology subsystem portion of an IES. The focus of this study is to examine the potential for IES in buildings when the system perspective is taken, and the IES is employed as a dynamic system, not just as conventional CHP. This effort is designed to determine market potential by analyzing IES performance on an hour-by-hour basis, examining the full range of building types, their loads and timing, and assessing how these loads can be technically and economically met by IES.

В современных условиях особое внимание привлекают увеличивающиеся в масштабах угрозы кибератаки на различные организации. Опасение вызывают повышение уровня сложности, изощренности и частоты таких инцидентов. На фоне глобального перехода на онлайн формы взаимодействия, цифровизации производственных процессов и организации удаленных форм труда опасность быть подвергнутым взлому систем возрастает в геометрической прогрессии. Современная практика цифровизации технологических процессов включает в себя использование IoT. Нефтегазовые и энергетические компании формируют единое цифровое пространство за счет интеграции оборудования, систем, ПО и таких технологий как цифровые двойники, цифровые месторождения и «умные» сети. Следует помнить, что внедрение высоких технологий бросает новые вызовы, и отрасль IoT остается одной из самых проблемных с точки зрения кибербезопасности. В рамках работы было проведено исследование корпоративных систем обеспечения информационной безопасности на предприятиях нефтегазового сектора зарубежных стран, анализ лучших зарубежных практик и методов оценки эффективности системы информационной безопасности в зарубежных компаниях нефтегазового сектора. In modern conditions, special attention is drawn to the increasing threat of cyber-attacks on various organizations. The increasing level of complexity, sophistication and frequency of such incidents are of concern. Against the background of the global transition to online forms of interaction, digitalization of production processes and the organization of remote forms of work, the danger of being subjected to hacking systems increases exponentially. Modern practice of digitalization of technological processes includes the use of IoT. Oil and gas and energy companies are forming a single digital space through the integration of equipment, systems, software and technologies like digital twins, digital fields and «smart» grids. It should be remembered that the introduction of high technologies poses new challenges, and the IoT industry remains one of the most problematic from the point of view of cybersecurity. This article shows the results of a cross-disciplinary study of corporate information security systems, an analysis of the best foreign practices and methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the information security system of the companies of the foreign oil and gas sector.

When considering CDM-like discharge, as it happens frequently in modern high-speed process and test equipment, it is important to avoid a so-called hard discharge in various electrostatic discharge (ESD)-sensitive devices. This study presents the results of experiments that were conducted to characterize the nature of hard discharge in various ESD sample materials: electrical pre-characterization, hard- vs. soft discharge test, oscilloscope measurements of the discharge characteristics, thickness measurements of metal table coatings and mates, and chargeability experiment. The results show that, following the existing standards in semiconductor manufacturing, hard CDM discharge cannot be prevented within the standardized lower resistance bandwidth. Insofar, the related standards ANSI 20.20 and IEC EN 61340-5-1 need to undergo a significant revision in the near future. For failure analysts, the results should be taken into consideration in order to advice useful corrective actions when accompanying client audits or doing ESD risk evaluations, especially within automated process equipment.

With the development of embedded devices and in-depth research and extensive application of networking technology, smart objects and types, increasing the number of networking devices continue to be popular in the people's daily lives. Development of digital and network technologies enables the controller node, sensor nodes, radio frequency identification, and household appliances such as television, air-conditioning equipment can use the Internet protocol, wireless communication protocol to achieve information transmission and exchange. Things technology triggered a new wave of the information industry, and unlimited commercial value. Things study based on real significance of architecture and key technologies of Web applications is very important. Introduction With the popularity of Internet technology and embedded devices deployed a large number of research and development, make the amount and type of smart objects are in constant growth, equipment and systems in use in people's everyday life is becoming more and more popular. The evolution of network technology, also makes the sensor nodes, the controller node, RFID, and some electrical appliances (TV, alarm clock, acoustics, air conditioning, etc.) through wireless communication protocol and the Internet network interconnection and information exchange. The digital and networked intelligent devices are widely used in smart home, intelligent logistics, intelligent transportation and intelligent agriculture and other fields, has a huge commercial value. The Internet of things is, as it were, following computer, Internet and mobile communications technology triggered a wave of information industry of core areas, the developed countries to carry out the layout in the field of Internet of things. With the Internet of Things to promote research and development and deployment of technology and a lot of embedded devices, the number and type of smart objects in the growing networking equipment and systems used in people's daily lives are becoming increasingly popular. Situation of Things application development but due Things equipment, high coupling and poor scalability issues, divisive, the threshold is high, long development cycle [1]. According to the background and problems, we propose a Web services environment (WoTSE). Its core idea is a variety of equipment resources seamless access to the Internet of Things, in the form of Web pages open, so the integration of heterogeneous networking equipment, reduce application development difficulty and networking technology, while ensuring that the system of distributed Features loose coupling and large-scale deployment [2]. The technology architecture of Internet of things Internet of things have full perception, reliable transmission and can only process characteristics. Due to the integration of many things now appear in the latest technology, so I do not like the Internet, by the International Organization for Standardization clear hierarchy model. But the Internet also has its own hierarchy, the Internet is recognized technical architecture is divided into three layers, top to bottom are things perception layer, the network layer of the Internet of things application layer [3-4], as shown in Figure 1.

The tools, technologies, practices, policies, procedures and procurement process developed and implemented over 50 years to produce highly reliable spacecraft and equipment have yielded spacecraft and launch vehicles whose reliability and availability is dominated by premature equipment failures and surprise equipment failures that increase risk and decrease safety, assurance and effectiveness. Large, complex aerospace systems such as aircraft, launch vehicle and satellites are first subjected to most exhaustive and comprehensive acceptance testing program used in any industry and yet suffer from the highest premature failure rates of any other industry. Desired/required spacecraft equipment performance is confirmed during factory testing, however equipment life requirement is not measured but calculated manually and so the equipment that will fail prematurely are not identified and replaced before use. Spacecraft equipment mission-life is not measured and confirmed before launch as performance is but calculated using stochastic equations from probability reliability analysis engineering standards such as MIL STD 217. The change in the engineering practices used to manufacture and test spacecraft necessary to identify the equipment that will fail prematurely include using a prognostic and health management (PHM) program that includes using predictive algorithms to convert equipment telemetry into a measurement of equipment usable life. This is done as part of a prognostic and health management (PHM) plan. A PHM makes the generation, collection, storage and engineering and scientific analysis of equipment performance data mission critical” rather than just nice-to-have information. To ensure that highly reliable space vehicle equipment will not fail prematurely requires engineering personnel to measure equipment remaining usable life invasively after factory equipment and vehicle integration & testing is completed, so that the equipment that will fail within the first year of use can be identified and replaced. A prognostic analysis is a scientific analysis and uses predictive algorithms and equipment performance data of any type including equipment analog telemetry to measure equipment usable life invasively. Predictive algorithms covert equipment analog telemetry into a measurement of equipment remaining usable life. If equipment life is measured and confirmed just as equipment performance is measured and confirmed, the systems engineering process will produce equipment that meet both the contractual equipment performance and equipment remaining usable life prior to delivery for use.

Information technology support for manufacturing systems embodies complex and systematic activities in modern industrial enterprises. In order to successfully and profitably operate in rapidly changing markets, highly flexible production, computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), supplychain management (SCM) and customer relationship management (CRM) need to be developed. The aim of the paper is to describe the results of a comparative study of the implementation and integration of computer aided production management (CAPM) in Taiwan and the UK, one of the emerging 'little dragons' of Far East Asia and manufacturers in the developed Western economy of the UK. The research design used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques to introduce and examine a model of best practice in the CAPM for manufacturing systems, by drawing on the practical experience of senior managers of production and MIS in Taiwan and the UK. Two phases of fieldwork were undertaken. In the first phase, 20 case studies on the use of CAPM in Taiwanese manufacturing companies were developed. In the second phase, a questionnaire was sent by post to senior mangers of MIS and production in both Taiwan and the UK. Although the industrial development and manufacturing histories of the two countries are very different, it was found that manufacturers in the two countries appear to be pursuing CAPM development strategies, which are leading to convergent solutions. While UK manufacturers have more experience with computerization of manufacturing than their Taiwanese counterparts, and the initial systems designs in the two countries were different, developers have encountered similar difficulties in developing systems. However, Taiwanese manufacturers appear to be improving the quality of their CAPM systems in a more systematic and thus faster manner than their UK counterparts. Some Taiwanese firms have overcome systems development barriers to achieve a high state of CAPM implementation and integration and many UK and Taiwanese firms had plans in place to further develop and integrate CAPM. A comparison of CAPM in the two countries suggests that Taiwanese manufacturers have created the platforms on which to build CAPM systems, are aware of the problems they face and have plans to overcome them. When these plans were examined and compared with the UK, both countries appear to be moving towards similar designs for their manufacturing systems.

Around 1970 Intel discovered it could put 2,000 transistorsor perhaps a few moreon a single NMOS chip. In retrospect, this may be said to mark the beginning of very large-scale integration (VLSI), ...

Implementation of the MIALinx User Interface for Future Manufacturing Environments

Integration of radiotherapy planning systems and radiotherapy treatment equipment: 11 years experience