Establishment and Algorithm Analysis of The Simulated Electronic Circuit model Based on The Neural Network

The Sixth International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN 2009)

Thin and thick film materials are widely used in modern electronic circuits due to their ability to provide miniaturization, high performance, and cost-effective production. Thin film technology involves depositing layers of conductive, resistive, and dielectric materials onto a substrate, typically using methods like vacuum deposition or sputtering. Thick film technology, on the other hand, uses a screen-printing process to deposit paste-like materials onto substrates and is known for its durability and adaptability to harsh environments. Both technologies play crucial roles in designing analog and digital circuits, especially in fields like telecommunications, automotive electronics, and medical devices. The increasing demand for smaller, faster, and more efficient electronic devices has put pressure on the development of high-performance circuits using thin and thick film technologies. A key challenge is optimizing material properties to balance electrical performance, thermal management, and mechanical reliability in both analog and digital circuits. This study explores the design and performance evaluation of analog and digital circuits using thin and thick film materials. Thin film circuits were fabricated using sputtering techniques to deposit layers of resistive and conductive materials with precise thickness control. Thick film circuits were created by screen-printing conductive, resistive, and dielectric pastes onto ceramic substrates. Electrical performance was tested for both types of circuits, focusing on parameters such as resistance, capacitance, and inductance. The thin film circuits demonstrated superior electrical performance with lower parasitic inductance and capacitance, achieving a resistance tolerance of ±1% and a thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) of ±50 ppm/°C. The thick film circuits, while having slightly higher parasitic values, offered robustness and mechanical stability in high-temperature environments, with TCR values ranging from ±100 to ±250 ppm/°C. Both technologies showed significant promise, with the choice of material depending on the specific application requirements for analog and digital systems.

Due to fundamental physical limitations, conventional digital circuits have not been able to scale at the pace expected from Moore’s law. In addition, computationally intensive applications such as neural networks and computer vision demand large amounts of energy from digital circuits. As a result, energy efficient alternatives are needed in order to provide continued performance scaling. Analog circuits have many well known benefits: the ability to store more information onto a single wire and efficiently perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, and differential equation solving. However, analog computing also comes with drawbacks such as its sensitivity to process variation and noise, limited scalability, programming difficulty, and poor compatibility with digital circuits and design tools. We propose to leverage the strengths of analog circuits and avoid its weaknesses by using digital circuits and time-encoded computation. Time-encoded circuits also operate on continuous data but are implemented using digital circuits. We propose a novel scalable general purpose analog processor using time-encoded circuits that is well suited for emerging applications that require high numeric precision. The processor’s datapath, including time-domain register file and function units are described. We evaluate our proposed approach using an implementation that is simulated with a 0.18µm TSMC process and demonstrate that this approach improves the performance of a scientific benchmark by 4x compared against conventional analog implementations and improves energy consumption by 146x compared against digital implementations.

The intelligent omni-surface (IOS) is a dynamic metasurface that has recently been proposed to achieve full-dimensional communications by realizing the dual function of anomalous reflection and anomalous refraction. Existing research works provide only simplified models for the reflection and refraction responses of the IOS, which do not explicitly depend on the physical structure of the IOS and the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic (EM) waves. Therefore, the available reflection-refraction models are insufficient to characterize the performance of full-dimensional communications. In this paper, we propose a complete and detailed circuit-based reflection-refraction model for the IOS, which is formulated in terms of the physical structure and equivalent circuits of the IOS elements, as well as we validate it with the aid of full-wave EM simulations. Based on the proposed circuit-based model for the IOS, we analyze the asymmetry between the reflection and transmission coefficients. Moreover, the proposed circuit-based model is utilized for optimizing the hybrid beamforming of IOS-assisted networks and hence improving the system performance. To verify the circuit-based model, the theoretical findings, and to evaluate the performance of full-dimensional beamforming, we implement a prototype of IOS and deploy an IOS-assisted wireless communication testbed to experimentally measure the beam patterns and to quantify the achievable rate. The obtained experimental results validate the theoretical findings and the accuracy of the proposed circuit-based reflection-refraction model for IOSs.

Continual learning in medical devices: FDA's action plan and beyond

This paper describes CODAC, a CAD tool for characterization and analysis of analog and digital circuits. It is based primarily on the industry standard electrical simulator, SPICE. CODAC provides a powerful C like language for specifying the characterization problem. In addition to providing an extensive library of built-in analysis functions it also supports a procedural interface that facilitates the definition of customized analysis functions. A capability to distribute in parallel the large number of simulation runs for an extensive circuit analysis (e.g. Monte Carlo analysis) is provided which significantly reduces overall cycle time. CODAC is being successfully used for circuit analysis and as a part of analog and digital library development flow at Texas Instruments.

7 - Analog Interfacing

In this paper, we present a new radiation tolerant CMOS standard cell library, and demonstrate its effectiveness in implementing radiation hardened digital circuits. We exploit the fact that if a gate is implemented using only PMOS (NMOS) transistors then a radiation particle strike can result only in logic a 0 to 1 (1 to 0) flip. Based on this observation, we derive our radiation hardened gates from regular static CMOS gates. In particular, we separate the PMOS and NMOS devices, and split the gate output into two signals. One of these outputs of our radiation tolerant gate is generated using PMOS transistors, and it drives other PMOS transistors (only) in its fanout. Similarly, the other output (generated from NMOS transistors) drives only other NMOS transistors in its fanout. Now, if a radiation particle strikes one of the outputs of the radiation tolerant gate, then the gates in the fanout enter a high-impedance state, and hence preserve their output values. Our radiation hardened gates exhibit an extremely high degree of SEU tolerance, which is validated at the circuit level. Using these gates, we also implement circuit level hardening based on logical masking, to selectively harden those gates in a circuit which contribute most to the soft error failure of the circuit. The gates with a low probability of logical masking are replaced by SEU tolerant gates from our new library, such that the digital design achieves a 90% soft error rate reduction. Experimental results demonstrate that this reduction is achieved with a modest layout area and delay penalty of 62% and 29% respectively, for area mapped designs. In contrast with existing approaches, our approach results in SEU immunity for extremely large critical charge values (>650fC).

The general structure of a circuit model of a slipring machine is established in this paper. The model is shown to be advantageous in many types of analysis of a machine when it is a part of a system. A specific circuit model of a synchronous machine (which was derived from Park's equations) has advantages in the stability analysis of multimachine power systems. The paper provides a more general and basic circuit model (applicable to any slipring machine) utilising the actual physical parameters of the machine. This is done with the view to extending the application of the circuit model to the study of asymmetrical faults or unbalanced operation. In such an analysis, the use of transformed αβ0 or dq0 components has no advantages. The advantages of this model in transient analysis over the existing models are shown to be the ease of formulation of the system equations, the elimination of the necessity to invert a time-varying inductance matrix and the ease of obtaining analytical solutions in a linear analysis. The specific circuit model, used for stability analysis, is actually derived from the general circuit model presented. Further, the model is also applicable to any slipring machine with or without m.m.f. harmonics.

In 2013 the Editor of Journal of Vibration and Control and SAGE became aware of a peer review ring involving assumed and fabricated identities that appeared to centre around Peter Chen at National Pingtung University of Education, Taiwan (NPUE). SAGE and the Editor then began a complex investigation into the case during the rest of 2013 and 2014. Following an unsatisfactory response from Peter Chen, NPUE was notified. NPUE were serious in addressing the Journal and SAGE’s concerns. NPUE confirmed that the institution was investigating Peter Chen. SAGE subsequently uncovered a citation ring involving the above mentioned author and others. We regret that individual authors have compromised the academic record by perverting the peer review process and apologise to readers. On uncovering problems with peer review and citation SAGE immediately put steps in place to avoid similar vulnerability of the Journal to exploitation in the future. More information may be found at www.sagepub.co.uk/JVC_Statement_2014 . The Journal and SAGE understand from NPUE that Peter Chen has resigned his post at NPUE. The following articles are retracted because after thorough investigation evidence points towards them having at least one author or being reviewed by at least one reviewer who has been implicated in the peer review ring and/or citation ring. All authors have had an opportunity to respond to the allegations and proposed actions. OnlineFirst articles (these articles will not be published in an issue) Chen CY, Chen T-H, Chen Y-H, Yu S-E and Chung P-Y (2013) Information technology system modeling an integrated C-TAM-TPB model to the validation of ocean tidal analyses Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 7 May 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312472924 Chang R-F, Chen CY, Su F-P and Lin H-C (2013) A two-step approach for broadband digital signal processing technique Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 26 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312472925 Chen TH, Chang CJ, Yu SE, Chung PY and Liu C-K (2013) Nonlinear information analysis and system management technique: the influence of design experience and control complexity Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312473321 Chen CY, Shih BY, Chen YH, Yu SE and Liu YC (2013) The exploration of a 3T flow model using vibrating NXT: II. Model validation Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 10 April 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312470481 Chen CY, Shih BY, Chen YH, Yu SE and Liu YC (2013) The exploration of 3T flow model using vibrating NXT: I. model formulation Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 6 February 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312467360 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2013) Stability analysis of fuzzy-based NN modeling for ecosystems using fuzzy Lyapunov methods Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 6 February 2013. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466687 Chen CY, Chen TH, Chen YH and Chiu J (2012) A multi-stage method for deterministic-statistical analysis: a mathematical case and measurement studies Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 20 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466579 Shih BY, Lin MC and Chen CY (2012) Autonomous navigation system for radiofrequency identification mobile robot e-book reader Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312466578 Chang RF, Chen CY, Su FP, Lin HC and Lu C-K (2012) Multiphase SUMO robot based on an agile modeling-driven process for a small mobile robot Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464993 Shih B-Y, Lin Y-K, Cheng M-H, Chen C-Y and Chiu C-P (2012) The development of an application program interactive game-based information system Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464682 Chen C-Y, Chang C-J and Lin C-H (2012) On dynamic access control in web 2.0 and cloud interactive information hub: technologies Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 12 December 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464992 Shin BY, Chen CY and Hsu KH (2012) Robot cross platform system using innovative interactive theory and selection algorithms for Android application Journal of Vibration and Control Epub ahead of print 13 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463757 Articles published in an issue Chen C-W (2014) Applications of neural-network-based fuzzy logic control to a nonlinear time-delay chaotic system Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 589-605. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312461370 Chen C-W (2014) A review of intelligent algorithm approaches and neural-fuzzy stability criteria for time-delay tension leg platform systems Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 561-575. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463759 Chen C-Y, Chang C-J and Lin C-H (2014) On dynamic access control in web 2.0 and cloud interactive information hub: trends and theories Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (4): 548-560. Epub ahead of print 5 November 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312463762 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2014) Stability conditions for ecosystem modeling using the fuzzy Lyapunov method Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 290-302. Epub ahead of print 23 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312451301 Chen C-H, Kuo C-M, Hsieh S-H and Chen C-Y (2014) Highly efficient very-large-scale integration (VLSI) implementation of probabilistic neural network image interpolator Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 218-224. Epub ahead of print 22 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458822 Chen C-Y (2014) Wave vibration and simulation in dissipative media described by irregular boundary surfaces: a mathematical formulation Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 191-203. Epub ahead of print 22 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312464258 Chen C-H, Yao T-K, Dai J-H and Chen C-Y (2014) A pipelined multiprocessor system- on-a-chip (SoC) design methodology for streaming signal processing Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (2): 163-178. Epub ahead of print 16 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458821 Lin M-L and Chen C-W (2014) Fuzzy neural modeling for n-degree ecosystems using the linear matrix inequality approach Journal of Vibration and Control 20 (1): 82-93. Epub ahead of print 8 October 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312458533 Chen C-H, Wu W-X and Chen C-Y (2013) Ant-inspired collective problem-solving systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (16): 2481-2490. Epub ahead of print 18 September 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312456231 Chen C-H, Yao T-K, Kuo C-M and Chen C-Y (2013) Evolutionary design of constructive multilayer feedforward neural network Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (16): 2413-2420. Epub ahead of print 12 September 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312456726 Chen C-W (2013) Applications of the fuzzy-neural Lyapunov criterion to multiple time-delay systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (13): 2054-2067. Epub ahead of print 16 August 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312451034 Chung P-Y, Chen Y-H, Walter L and Chen C-Y (2013) Influence and dynamics of a mobile robot control on mechanical components Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (13): 1923-1935. Epub ahead of print 20 July 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312452184 Chen C-W (2013) Neural network-based fuzzy logic parallel distributed compensation controller for structural system Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1709-1727. Epub ahead of print 22 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442233 Chen C-W, Yeh K, Yang H-C, Liu KFR and Liu C-C (2013) A critical review of structural system control by the large-scaled neural network linear-deferential-inclusion-based criterion Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1658-1673. Epub ahead of print 18 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312443377 Chen C-H, Kuo C-M, Chen C-Y and Dai J-H (2013) The design and synthesis using hierarchical robotic discrete-event modeling Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (11): 1603-1613. Epub ahead of print 27 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312449645 Chang CJ, Chen CY and Chou I-T (2013) The design of information and communication technologies: telecom MOD strength machines Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (10): 1499-1513. Epub ahead of print 27 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312449644 Shih B-Y, Chen C-Y, Li K-H, Wu T-Y, Chen G-Y (2013) A novel NXT control method for implementing force sensing and recycling in a training robot Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (10): 1443-1459. Epub ahead of print 1 June 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312446361 Chen C-W, Chen P-C and Chiang W-L (2013) Modified intelligent genetic algorithm-based adaptive neural network control for uncertain structural systems Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (9): 1333-1347. Epub ahead of print 31 May 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442232 Chen C-Y, Shih B-Y, Shih C-H and Wang L-H (2013) Enhancing robust and stability control of a humanoid biped robot: system identification approach. Journal of Vibration and Control 19 (8): 1199-1207. Epub ahead of print 26 April 2012. doi: 10.1177/1077546312442947 Chang C-J, Chen C-Y and Huang C-W (2013) Applications for medical recovery using wireless control of a bluetooth ball with a hybrid G-sensor and human-computer interface technology Journal of Vi

Retraction notice

Many bridges in Taiwan have been in use from the period that Taiwan was governed by the Japanese, over 50 years ago, which is the average ultimate usable lifetime of such structures. Three-quarters of the bridges on major highways have been in use for more than 20 years and numerous bridges on country roads have also been in use for more than 20 years. In other words, most of the bridges in Taiwan are aging and may require repair or replacement. Ambient vibration tests are utilized to measure the response of old bridges, which are difficult to equip with accelerometers. The Fourier transform method is traditionally used to gain important information about ambient vibration records. However, the development of information technology over the last 20 years has meant that there are more kinds of signal management technologies, including the wavelet and Hilbert—Huang transform (HHT) methods. In this study we investigate the characteristics of aging bridges by comparison with their structural properties. We analyze their ambient vibration, and discuss the possible influence of the frequency function. Long-term environmental impacts create many structural problems, but with traditional methods examination of bridge health is difficult. Therefore, in our HHT management system, we examine destroyed bridges. The characteristics and behavior of bridges subjected to random loading can be understood by analysis with the random decrement technique and the frequency response function method.

Retraction notice

Neural networks have been studied for many years with the hope of achieving human-like performance in such fields as speech and image recognition. A recent resurgence has resulted from VLSI advances, neural network models, and learning algorithms. Neural networks are also very suitable in certain areas such as NP-complete constraint and satisfaction problems, due to the nature of parallel and distributed processing. Neural network models are composed of a mass of fairly simple computational elements and rich interconnections between the elements. Neural networks operate in a parallel and distributed fashion which may resemble biological neural networks. Behaviors of neurons and the strengths of synaptic interconnections are simulated by operational amplifiers and resistors respectively. Several examples are presented, including how to build neural network components based on analog circuits for simulating neural networks and conventional logic circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Abstract. The use of neural networks in automatic control systems makes it possible to increase their compliance with the assigned tasks. Such automatic control systems are able not only to use the general control methods, but also offer their algorithmic approaches to solving the tasks related to the problem of identifying the parameters of the control object. In the article, adaptive control systems and control systems using neural networks are considered. An analysis of recent research in this direction has been conducted. A concept has been proposed for the development of an energy-efficient intelligent automatic control system for a multi-motor electric drive of a mobile industrial robot. Keywords: automatic control system, mobile industrial robot, nonlinearity, energy-efficiency, uncertainty, adaptability, neural network, mechatronic module.