Examining technological innovation of Apple using patent analysis

Objective To analyze the trend of scientific and technological innovation and propose strategies for development by study the general situation, distribution, dominant technology areas and protection conditions of patent applications from Beijing municipal hospitals during 2006-2015. Methods Collect basic patent information in 22 municipal hospitals to analyze the trend of scientific and technological innovation in municipal hospitals using technological development measurement method. Results A total number of 678 patent applications were filed from 22 hospitals from 2006 to 2015, shows patent applications increased a lot during the ten years. There are 390 valid patents among which medical devices, medical materials and preparation methods, enzyme or microbial testing methods are dominant areas of technological innovation. Conclusions The capacity of technological innovation develops rapidly in municipal hospitals. Research management departments should be more active in advancing technological innovation by strengthen patent management and promoting technology transfer. Key words: Scientific and technological innovation; Hospital; Patent analysis; Development strategy

Graphical causal inference and copula regression model for apple keywords by text mining

Innovation processes in services remain under-researched, but recently large-scale surveys have been conducted which allow for a more systematic appraisal of the level and scope of innovation in services. To date, much of the literature on innovation in services focuses on the adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Innovation in services, and services innovation, should, however, be understood in broader terms, and this understanding should extend to non-technological innovation. This paper presents evidence from a recent large-scale survey of innovation amongst German commercial service firms. It shows that services are much more active with respect to innovation than is widely thought. They are innovative in terms of being producers of service and process innovations. From our broader perspective, we examine the pattern of innovation as it relates to the standardisation-particularisation of service products, across a range of service sectors and across firms of various sizes. The production of bespoke or customised services shaped by client inputs has long been considered a defining characteristic of many services, and one that has affected their innovation potential. The present analysis reveals a pattern of diversity in behaviour, which reflects the diversity amongst service firms, and demonstrates the need for more subtle and differentiated analyses of services and services innovation.

The degree of overlap (i.e., fit) between product development organizations' resources and the product development projects pursued has powerful performance implications. Drawing on organizational learning theory and the resource‐based view, this research conceptualizes and empirically tests the interrelationships between the levels of fit, innovativeness, speed to market, and financial new product performance. After reviewing the research literature relevant to resource fit and new product performance, the level of innovativeness is posited to be an important moderating and mediating factor, which is validated by analysis of data gathered from 279 product developing firms. Technological fit has a negative direct effect on both technological and market innovativeness, while the use of existing marketing resources (i.e., a high degree of marketing fit) positively impacts technological innovativeness. This suggests, consistent with findings from market orientation research, that a deep, long‐held customer understanding can promote technological innovativeness. The moderating hypotheses proposed are also well supported: First, a high degree of marketing fit has a more positive impact on performance for market innovative products (e.g., products which address a new target market or use a nontraditional channel for the firm). Drawing on a deep customer understanding is more critical to performance for market innovative products. Conversely, the benefits of marketing fit are limited where market innovativeness is lacking. Interestingly, the counterpart moderating role of technological innovativeness on technological fit's performance effect is not significant; the level of technological innovativeness does not significantly impact the performance impact of technological fit. There are also significant moderating effects across dimensions. Our results show that the financial benefit of using existing marketing resources is lessened for technologically innovative products. Technological innovations necessitate drastic adaptation of marketing resources (i.e., channel and brand); firms drawing only on existing marketing resources for a technologically innovative new product will incur reduced profit. Similarly, the positive implications of using existing technological resources are limited for products which are highly market innovative. Generally, resource fit is seen to have an (oft‐overlooked) dark side in product development, though several of our findings suggest that marketing resources are more flexible than are technological resources.

It is argued that universities in South Africa should, in addition to compensating for the global trend of accelerated change, analyze the demands that will be placed on engineers in the South Africa of the future and adjust their curricula accordingly. It is suggested that the management of technology and technological innovation in particular should be stressed. It is concluded that, in order to produce engineers who can contribute towards building and sustaining a competitive technology base, it is necessary to produce engineers who have a sense of social and environmental responsibility and a wealth-creating mindset.

Empirical work on the causes and effects of inventive activity has had difficulty in finding measures that can indicate when and where changes in either inventive inputs or inventive output have occurred. The recent computerization of the U.S. Patent Office's data base may prove helpful in this context, but there is the problem that a priori we do not know the relationships between patent applications and economically meaningful measures of these inputs and outputs. To help solve this problem, this paper investigates the dynamic relationships among the number of successful patent applications of firms, a measure of the firm's investment in inventive activity (its R & D expenditures),\tand an indicator of its inventive output (the stock market value of the firm).

s and claims to identify patent applications related to rabies control. The following analysis was based on results, which included 237 patent applications. 3.3. Annual change in the number of patent applications by country We regrouped the patent applications and applicants for each country to identify possible differences in technology development among various countries. The numbers of PCT applications and applications in each country were stable during 2001–2011, except in China where the number increased relatively. The US had the most patent applications until 2007, but was overtaken by China in 2008. We found that China had a remarkable increase in patent Search formula Number of patent applications retrieved* Survey content 1 PRD = 2001:2011 11,315,347 Priority year 2 (US OR EP OR GB OR DE OR ES OR FR OR IT OR NL OR JP OR CN OR KR OR IN)/PC 20,081,126 Country or patent administration office (the US, the European Patent Office, the UK, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Japan, China, Korea, and India) 3 (RABIES OR RABIC OR RABID OR LYSSA)/TI/AB/EAB 1,317

Technological progress exerts a decisive influence on corporate strategic decision-making, particularly within the rapidly evolving domain of science and technology. Early identification and adoption of emerging technological trends are pivotal for enterprises to sustain competitive advantage and market position. However, many innovative companies fail to fully leverage the potential of their products and technologies due to the absence of a systematic approach. To counter this challenge, large corporations have established forward-looking departments dedicated to forecasting future trends and innovation. Despite this, the current predictive process integrates human intelligence with machine learning methods, and the visual analysis that combines these two forms of intelligence holds immense potential. This paper introduces an integrated method that combines information visualization, trend mining, and interactive design, aimed at supporting users in exploring, detecting, and identifying emerging technological trends within complex datasets. The method facilitates in-depth trend analysis and extraction of meaningful insights from data through an interactive visual representation system. Moreover, the integration of interactive design throughout the analytical process is crucial for supporting the analytical process in technology and innovation management [8]. A literature review, trend visualization, interactive visualization, and interactive design methods are essential for understanding the context of technology management and visualization analysis systems. The interactive design approach places special emphasis on the central role of users in the design process, ensuring that the system meets user needs and supports effective identification and utilization of emerging technological trends.The research findings indicate that the integration of human intelligence and machine learning methods can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of predicting future technological trends. The interactive design-based method proposed in this paper not only augments and expands previous methods of technology and design management trend analysis but also introduces novel interactive designs, providing more suitable interactive methods for technology foresight and innovation detection. These methods and tools enable enterprises to more effectively respond to market changes, grasp technological trends, and make informed strategic decisions.

About Authors

the technological innovation management method of dispatching department in power supply enterprises is researched and practiced. Based on the technological innovation activities of dispatching department in power supply enterprises, the realization of building a harmonious team through activity carriers such as tackling hard-nut problems in science and technology, QC activity, thesis writing and patent application, etc. in technological innovation activities is researched and practiced.

Technological innovation plays an increasingly vital role in sustaining economic performance of technology-intensive firms in the hypercompetitive global marketplace. The process of technological innovation embraces creation, storage, transfers and application of technological innovation-related knowledge. Knowledge is one of the most strategic assets to gain sustainable competitive advantage. Firm's technological innovation and knowledge management are essentially inseparate. Therefore, appropriate knowledge strategies are necessary for effectively integrating them in order to strengthen innovative performance and to sustain competitive advantage. This paper classifies technological innovation-related knowledge into two key dimensions including core knowledge and complementary knowledge, and further, from an angle of innovation cycle of an industry, proposes a knowledge strategies model of the entire innovation cycle for integrating firm's technological innovation and knowledge management. Several theoretical and managerial implications are presented in this study.

Quantitative Analysis of China's Artificial Intelligence Technology Patents

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the scientific relationship between technological innovation and carbon emissions. Taking the Chinese electric power industry as the empirical research object, this study examined the effect of power technological innovation on carbon emissions and proposed policy recommendations for the development of technological innovation in China.Design/methodology/approachThis study first calculated the energy consumption and carbon emission level of the Chinese electric power industry from 2005 to 2018. Secondly, this study built an evaluation index system for technological innovation of electric power with six indicators: average utilisation hours of power generation equipment; power consumption rate of power plant; line loss rate; standard coal consumption for power generation; standard coal consumption for power supply; and number of patent applications granted for generation, conversion or distribution of electric power in China. Finally, from a practical point of view, the relationship between technological innovation and carbon emissions of the Chinese electric power industry from 2005 to 2018 is evaluated and analysed.FindingsPower technology innovation has been found to have a long-term and relatively large effect on carbon emissions, and carbon emissions have a short-term and insignificant impact on power technology innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThis study puts forward relevant suggestions for developing technological innovation and technology transfer, which is essential to establishing a low-carbon or zero-carbon power system in China.Practical implicationsThis study provides empirical evidence for clarifying the relationship between technological innovation and carbon emissions in the power industry and further develops research theories on technological innovation and carbon emissions.Social implicationsRelevant authorities will adopt measures to promote technological innovation and development in the power sector to reduce carbon emissions.Originality/valueThis study built an evaluation index system with six indicators for technological innovation of electric power. The evaluation method was used to measure the technological innovation level of the Chinese electric power industry. The causal link between technological innovation and carbon emissions in China was analysed.

The emergence of technological progress in developing economies raises concerns about job displacement rather than job creation. Bangladesh's labour-intensive economy could be severely impacted by technological advancements. Given this critical issue, the study examines how technological innovation affects unemployment in Bangladesh by analysing time series data from 1991 to 2021. This research utilises the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to reveal the empirical association of unemployment with technological innovation. The findings suggest that technological advancement has a mixed impact on unemployment. Process innovation, measured by the import of capital goods, has a positive effect on unemployment in the short term, whereas product innovation, measured by patent applications, increases unemployment in the long term. This reflects the labour-saving effect of technological progress. In addition, economic growth has short-term implications for employment creation, and inflation has a long-term impact on reducing unemployment in the economy. As technological innovation causes unemployment in Bangladesh's labour-intensive manufacturing industries, enhancing the skilled workforce and diversifying products is crucial for effectively utilising the abundant unskilled labour force in the economy.

An electric motor is a device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy for railway vehicles. When developing the electric motor, it used to be developed simply for structures or control methods of the motor itself without considering convergence with other devices or technologies. However, as the railway vehicles become more advanced, technology development through convergence with other devices or technologies is spreading. Therefore, based on patent data related to the electric motors applied to the railway vehicles, this research aims to carry out technical forecasting for establishing research and development (R and D) direction for new technologies by predicting vacant technologies from the point of view of technology convergence. In other words, we studied how to find the vacant technologies in a field of convergence technology for the electric motor of the railway vehicles by analyzing the patent data. More specifically, we search the patents data associated with the electric motor of the railway vehicle that contain multiple IPC codes, and use multiple IPC codes to determine the field of convergence technology. In addition, we extract keywords from the patents data related to each of the determined convergence technologies and define the vacant technologies by interpreting the field of convergence technology and the extracted keywords.