Executed in September 1924 in Sighnaghi District (Based on Archival Materials)

Utilization of polymerase chain reaction on archival cytologic material: a comparison with fresh material with special emphasis on cerebrospinal fluids

Collecting Sarah Piatt at the Ohio State University's Rare Books & Manuscripts Library

With the rapid spread of information technologies today, many archival materials, such as digitized old photographs and videos of representatives of the peoples of the world, in general, and the Caucasus, in particular, have become available to general public. The mentioned materials have a tremendous impact on the image and perception of the material culture of these peoples. Despite the obvious advantages of ample opportunities for the spread of scientific data, these archival and historical materials, unfortunately, are not always used correctly. For instance, on the Internet and in print media, the erroneous use of photographs depicting representatives and elements of the material culture of one people as figures and attributes of other peoples is quite common. Our study analyses four archival photographs from various sources that have appeared in scientific and popular science literature, as well as in encyclopedias, articles, websites of major state and independent media, in materials telling about the Nogai people. We aim to prevent the erroneous use of photographs that have no bearing to Nogais. To achieve this, the author attempts to verify the legitimacy of attributing the studied photographic materials to the Nogais by attracting a broad evidence base in the form of archival data, museum exhibits, works of art historians and historians, as well as a comparative analysis of available material. In the course of the study, the author has come to a sufficiently substantiated conclusion that the photographs presented in the study depict not representatives of the Nogai people, but representatives of the Balkars, Kalmyks, Cossacks and Kazakhs. The researcher of the present work urges the authors of publications about the Nogais to use photographic materials, the relevancy of which is undoubtful.

1. Introduction The fact that the Song Celebrations form an important part of the Estonian culture, and constitute a pillar of our national identity is obvious to everyone in Estonia. Sadly, this is where it ends. We have become used to viewing our Song Celebrations as single cultural events, while their broader context as the Song Celebration Movement is often neglected. My article focuses on the Estonian Song Celebration Movement, as well as on the activities of Tuudur Vettik, who played an important role in shaping it. Did Vettik indeed become the leader of the Song Celebration Movement, and what contributed to this? Tuudur Vettik is by no means unknown in historical research; however, he has been pushed to the sidelines. Information about his life and creative work reached research papers in 1988, at the dawn of the Singing Revolution. The role of Vettik in Estonian music life has been researched by Helju Tauk (Tauk 1988:89), and Urve Lippus (Lippus 2002:7-78). Lippus highlights the strong ties between Vettik and the Estonian national culture, music, and patriotic ideas. In her book, Urve Lippus points out the need to broaden the source basis of research, among other things, and puts emphasis on memoirs as valuable sources besides the archival and press materials (Lippus 2011:9-10). Maris Mannik-Kirme has done a remarkable job in returning Tuudur Vettik to the Estonian culture. She has studied the activities of Tuudur Vettik and Mart Saar in enriching Estonian choir music (Mannik-Kirme 1982:219-234), and has published a factological review of Tuudur Vettik's biography, as well as a list of his works (Mannik 1990). Unfortunately, these analyses reproduce some incorrect facts from earlier studies concerning to Vettik's birthplace and birthdates, which are very important biographical data (Randjarv 2012:26). Generalisations have also slipped in. In my research of Tuudur Vettik, I have scrutinised the relevant literature, news publications, and archival materials (the results of which, however, only serve as the background for this article). I have also set great store by the memoirs of Vettik's contemporaries, and people connected to the Song Celebration Movement, as well as the handwritten notes and journals in private archives. The latter sources throw a light on the developments and intrigues not discussed elsewhere, as well as on what went on during the organisation of Song Celebrations. Well-known choir conductors and teachers have been interviewed by the author (Randjarv 2012:157-226). The incentive for writing this article came from a recent article by Hain Rebas, which once again pointed out the erroneous interpretations, gaps, and insufficiently researched questions surrounding the Song Celebration Movement (Rebas 2016/1:129-150). 2. Song Celebration Movement 2.1. General facts The historical and cultural studies describe the regular Song Celebrations as extremely important and ceremonious cultural events; yet the relevant repertoire policy, criteria for selecting the Head Conductors, activities of the choirs during the intervals of the Song Celebrations, events for different types of choirs, repertoire training for conductors, but also interpersonal conflicts, intrigues and cooperation, dependency on the national budgetary policy, and ideological trends have not been analysed as organic components of the phenomenon, but rather as a purely illustrative and emotional background. The Song Celebration Movement has several particular features that allow it to mould, and be moulded by social developments. The most important among these is the development of a social network. Although the Song Celebrations as events have been the most visible and important feature of our choir history, their role cannot be viewed apart from their foundations--the history of the Estonian choir culture, and our societies movement. I use the term Song Celebration Movement to signify a higher integrated system where the content and the format of the work, including the repertoire policy, clearly follow the seasonal cycle of the work plans of the national as well as county level song festivals, and those for specific choir types, the preliminary singing competitions (for categorisation), and eventually also the working plans of the choirs. …

The article deals with the need to systematize all available materials about epictellers with their repertoire. The first mentions of the names of Altai epictellers are found in the works of researchers of Altai folklore and ethnography in the 19th century and rare information about their repertoire or fixation of a particular text of the legend from them. More complete information is found in scholarly publications of the mid-20th century concerning the biographies of now famous epictellers with an indication of their teachers. Several ethical rules contributed to the preservation of the names of epictelling teachers by their students: the faith of the epictellers themselves in the magical gift of epictelling and the veneration of the names of their mentors as sacred guides to the world of legends. So, in this article we define approaches to collecting information to create a unified catalog of Altai epictellers. Upon completion of the compilation by ethnic regions, prerequisites may be created for the formation of and additions to the Catalogue of epictellers of Russian and Eurasian epictellers. The relevance of such a study is dictated by the fact that when presenting information about the work of Altai epictellers about their teachers in publications of the mid-19th–mid-20th centuries, information is limited. This does not make it possible to reveal their repertoire in detail, but at the same time, separate indications of the names of texts, places of recording contribute to clarifying the places of distribution in different periods of a particular text of legends. Such a summary work contributes not only to the comprehensive identification of the Altai epictelling repertoire as a whole, taking into account the early periods of fixing epic texts, but also to clarifying the epic context of the work of famous Altai rhapsodies against the background of the revealed names of lesser-known epictellers. The goals and objectives of the study are the need to restore the names and, if possible, their repertoire of Altai epictellers of the 19th and early 20th in order to compile a Unified Catalog of epictellers in the future, based on information, taking into account archival and field materials recorded from their disciples – epictellers. The article reflects a summary search work to restore the names of epictellers based on published materials of researchers of the 19th and 20th centuries, who did not pursue a specific task of systematizing the names and repertoire of epictellers, but fixed one or another epicteller. However, it is the systematic cataloging that will contribute not only to the full identification of the list of names of Altai epictellers with an indication of their repertoire, but also to the clarification of the epic context of the work of famous Altai rhapsodies against the background of the revealed names of lesser-known epictellers. The main conclusions, the results of the study are that an attempt was made to restore the names and repertoire of epictellers from the 19th to the 20th century, available from publications and archival materials, and the stability of the plot composition of Altai legends is also being clarified.

Tuberculosis is a rare cause of granulomatous thyroiditis, whose diagnosis may be difficult with routine cytopathology and staining for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Amongst 7962 cases of various thyroid lesions subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) over a period of 12 years, 34 cases (0.43%) were found to have cytological features of granulomatous inflammation with or without necrosis, which could be due to tuberculosis, granulomatous thyroiditis or other causes of granulomatous inflammation such as sarcoidosis or fungal infections. DNA was extracted from the material available on May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained smears from the archival material. PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was performed for insertion sequence IS6110. The age of the patients ranged from 32 to 58 years (median 48 years); 24 were female and 10 male. FNAC from thyroid swellings showed epithelioid granulomas with giant cells and/or necrosis. Although acid-fast bacilli were only seen in smears in two cases, 19/34 (55.9%) showed the presence of 123 bp DNA band under ultraviolet transillumination. Five control cases were negative. Our study of archival cytological material illustrates the importance of PCR as a potentially useful tool for the detection of M. tuberculosis DNA from FNAC of thyroid lesions, which could provide an alternative for rapid diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis in AFB-negative cases.

This paper takes for granted that archival materials will be entered into a catalog in which Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) will be used to provide access. The purposes of subject access are discussed. The matter of selecting the appropriate extent of subject cataloging for archival entities is raised. Archival entities will generally require more detailed subject cataloging than published materials. A scheme for subject analysis of archival materials is presented. LCSH is described briefly, and several archival entities are analyzed and provided with LCSH access points to illustrate the methodology employed. The chief advantages of using LCSH for archival materials are its availability, and its ability to cause archival materials to collocate topically with published materials in integrated online systems.

This article addresses ‘transition’ within feminist media activism by exploring how archival material is reanimated and mobilized within contemporary forms of online activism. Recent scholarship examining the ‘archival turn’ in feminism has illustrated the potential of archives to intervene in the political present, yet the uptake of archival material within online media generates ambiguous and contentious outcomes. This article explores the controversial reanimation of the New Zealand feminist magazine Broadsheet (1972–1997) by a Facebook page titled ‘Broadsheet, New Zealand’s Feminist Magazine’ (2015). Using critical discourse analysis to examine comments made by followers of the page, I explore how the promotion of increasingly hostile trans-exclusionary radical feminist (TERF) discourses precipitated contention over the legitimacy of the page’s affiliation with Broadsheet. Conspicuously absent from these discussions is Broadsheet’s archival material itself, despite its recent digitization. Instead, commenters invoke experiences and memories of Broadsheet to either validate the Broadsheet Facebook page or to substantiate claims that it appropriates the magazine’s name and legacy. I argue, therefore, that feminists’ engagement with archival materials is structured by nostalgia, whether remembered, encountered, or culturally learned.

Aim. To examine and analyze the horse burials from the excavations of the Ladozhskij burial ground on Kolodeznaya Street, conducted by the Krasnodar Museum of Local History in 1945–1946. One of the burials, with six horses at a stable, is an unusual feature for Mаeotian ground burial grounds. Since no finds from the horse burials were found in the museum's collections, an attempt was made to analyze the burial rite and inventory using archival materials, including the personal archive of the excavation author. Methodology. The analysis of archival materials and documents of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Krasnodar Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve named after E. D. Felitsyn. The comparative-typological method and the method of dating by analogy were used in the study. Results. The article contains materials and documents on the horse burials from the Ladozhskij burial ground excavated in 1945–1946, which have not been fully published before. The findings are described, and analogies are provided from well-dated complexes. Previously unpublished archival materials are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the archaeology of the Kuban region. This work is of undoubted interest to researchers of the Maeotian culture, as it is the first publication of excavation materials from one of the well-known archaeological sites. The materials presented in the article can be used in archaeology courses, as well as in the study of specific aspects of the archaeology of the Early Iron Age in the North-Western Caucasus.

There was a time in the not-so-distant past when Canada's relationship with hockey was tacitly understood but also academically underexamined. University-employed historians in Canada focused on more traditionally acceptable explorations like statecraft and nation-building. The Canadian public seemed contented with surface-level treatments and hagiographies of the game they loved. The life stories of their hockey heroes that supported the mythologies of the sport seemed to support the old adage from the food industry—you are better off not knowing how the sausage is made. We can be thankful that those simplistic offerings have yielded the stage to the more analytical approaches provided by scholars and thoughtful hockey players such as Ken Dryden. The literary canon has been substantially bolstered with critical investigations of league formation, race, gender, masculinity, ethnicity, and other important dimensions of consideration.Andrew Holman has been a key contributor to the field, and A Hotly Contested Affair casts him in the roles of both editor and writer, as his commentaries contextualize the collection. The ingredient that establishes A Hotly Contest Affair as unique is its inclusion of copious primary sources. These materials are not simply included in an appendix but are prominent elements in each chapter. Holman begins each section with a well-crafted synthesis that provides the appropriate background to understand the offering of primary documents that serve as the chapter's focal point. These sources are not dissected or curated by Holman but offered up whole, trusting the reader to pull what is necessary from the archival materials. Holman does provide informational footnotes to assist the reader further from a knowledge perspective but does not try to analyze the documents or flavor the reader's interpretation. The primary documents in A Hotly Contested Affair are wide-ranging and, as samples, include the West Ottawa District Girls Hockey Rules from 1972; telegraph bulletins produced by the Canadian Northern Telegraph Company for the Edmonton Hockey Club-versus-Montreal Wanderers Stanley Cup challenge from 1908; and Newsy Lalonde's contract with the Saskatoon Crescents for the 1922–23 season. Not every reader will find each source equally compelling, but there is such a diversity in Holman's collection that there appears to be something for everyone. It is truly an inspired idea for a hockey history book, although this work is so much more than that. Beyond the novel approach is the exquisite execution.In terms of contents, A Hotly Contest Affair explores ten topics, each given its own chapter. These themes are central to Canadians’ connection with hockey, both in a historical context and a more modern reimagining of the sport. The chapter titles are fairly self-explanatory: “An Evolutionary Game,” “A National Banner,” “An Arena for Commerce,” “A Cultural Problem,” “An Essentially Violent Game,” “A Quest for Order,” “A Question of Character,” “Hockey Talk,” “Communicating the Game,” “Race and Social Order,” “A Gendered Endeavour,” “Women's and Girl's Hockey,” and “An International Calling Card.” It is a comprehensive approach, and, if one could quibble, and often reviewers do, it would be over a lack of exploration into regionalism. This subject receives indirect treatment throughout the collection, however, so it is not an omission in the strictest sense.It was unclear who is the target audience for A Hotly Contested Affair. To be sure, university instructors teaching courses dedicated to exploring hockey would find this new offering quite valuable, perhaps not as a traditional textbook but more as a reader. The generously supplied primary documents could create an enriched learning experience wherein students could take a more active role in assessment and analysis. Whether A Hotly Contested Affair is well suited to a more general readership of enthusiasts is more difficult to know. The material is quite accessible thanks to Holman's prose, but hockey fans can be comfortable in the perfunctory (hence, the continued common usage of Original Six) and maybe would not gravitate toward a volume like this one, loaded with archival material—no matter how splendid. That matter, in all likelihood, is the purview of marketers, not reviewers.On balance, Holman's contribution is significant, and an argument can be made that A Hotly Contested Affair is the most important book that examines the relationship between Canada and hockey since Richard Gruneau and David Whitson's oft-cited Hockey Night in Canada: Sports, Identities and Cultural Politics published in 1994.

SUMMARY After a brief review of the history of the development of cataloguing rules for cartographic materials, both within the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules community and internationally, the author discusses the differences of the cataloguing of this material in archives compared with that in libraries. He states that the cataloguing of this material in archives relates to how the material was created or produced in the context of how it was used. Archival cataloguing (or archival description as archivists prefer to call the process) emphasizes methodology over the material itself. The paper attempts to give a short overview of the methodologies, their development and application. It uses diagrams and an example to illustrate the archival methodology and concludes that cataloguing records and archival description records produced by these methods may co-exist on the same database but that current computer systems developed for library applications have, in general, not developed the capability to display open hierarchically structured linked multilevel descriptions such as required by the archival methodology of multilevel description.

The use of Augmented Reality (AR) as an immersive and interactive engagement tool for art and cultural institutions is increasing. AR, when used in a meaningful way, has shown great potential for discovery-based learning experiences. My research considers the potential of AR for photographic collections in museums and archives by addressing two key questions. How can digital tools like AR serve to enhance our understanding of photographs as both object and image? What are the implications and limitations of this technology when used for this purpose? These questions are explored further in the form of a creative project that builds on how AR can be used to enhance interaction with photographic material in archives. These questions are explored further in the form of a creative project that builds on how AR combined with multimedia storytelling can be used to interact with photographic material in archives.

In this paper, a brief overview of the archival materials concerning the Society of the Science and Art Museum (1907–1914), Society of the Library of Eustachy and Emily Wróblewski (1912–1922), Society of Eustachy and Emily Wróblewski Science Fund (1922–1939) and Society of Wróblewski Library Friends (1936–1939) is presented. These materials are kept in the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. The first one of the mentioned above societies gathered a valuable collection of rare printed matter and archival documents (the remaining part is kept now in the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Science); the other three societies have taken part in founding the library and in the proliferation of its funds.After an overview of archival sources, a conclusion is made that the archival material concerning various societies that acted in Vilnius in the first half of the 20th century are of the same character. The majority of them are statutes of the societies, lists of members, the minutes of meetings, activities and financial reports, cash books, statements of inspections and various official papers. These documents enable to restore in essence the circumstances of founding these societies and the main features of their activities. Very valuable is the material in the Manuscript section concerning famous personalities of these societies: Lucjan Uziębło, member of the Vilnius Society of Science and Art Museum, and Tadeusz Wróblewski, the founder of Eustachy and Emily Wróblewski Library. The material comprises their personal documents, scientific certificates, letters, notes, manuscripts, death certificates, obituaries. All this archival material is important not only for the history knowledge of the mentioned societies; it is significant also for the knowledge of the cultural and scientific life in Vilnius of the first half of the 20th century; therefore, it is necessary to preserve it as an important documentary heritage.

The purpose of the article: based on offi cial sources and archival materials of the State Archives of the Zhytomyr region, to investigate the activities of the noble guardians of the Volyn Governorate from the point of view of their powers, in particular, the inclusion of nobles in the guardianship as a manifestation of their state collective solidarity and the eff ectiveness of the specifi ed institutions. Th e methodological basis of the study consists of historical-comparative, historical- systemic, and historical-typological methods, as well as the principles of systematicity, objectivity, and historicism. Th e scientifi c novelty is determined primarily by the lack of unique research on the given topic in historiography, the involvement of new archival materials, the characterization of the peculiarities of the relationship between the state and the privileged condition of the Russian Empire through the prism of the functioning of noble guardianships as state corporate bodies. Th e chronological limits of the article cover the time of formation and the beginning of the activity of the nobility’s guardianships on the territory of the Ukrainian governorates in the 18th century and are also correlated with the dating of the archival materials used: from the beginning to the third quarter of the 19th century. Conclusions. Th e hopes of the Russian imperial authorities that the newly cre- ated state institutions (noble guardianships) would support the monarchy’s economic stability and ensure a stable s ocial system were only partially justifi ed. Th e noble guardians were not distinguished by high eff ectiveness. Aft er all, on the one hand, they were part of an imperial bureaucratic apparatus that was not more eff ective. On the other hand, due to the lack of motivation of the nobles to fulfi l the duties assigned to them and the regular practice of their refusal/replacement, these institutions did not ensure the quality performance of the functions assigned to them.

This research deals with the role of British military experts in shaping Qajar troops during the Russian-Iranian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828. The article is based on a wide range both of published works and archival material. A greater portion of yet-unpublished materials dealing with the activities of British officers in Iran, as well as diplomatic documents and legislative acts is kept at RSHA1 and RSAN2. Besides, the author has relied on materials of the British Library, Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections, including archival materials of India Office Records (1858-1947).3 In addition to archival materials, the research has referred to existing sources, correspondence between diplomatic representatives of Great Britain and Russia, Qajar Iran, diaries, memoirs, travel notes of participants and contemporaries of the epoch in question. The above facts make it possible to examine the eastern policy of England, its relations with Qajar Iran, and specifically, questions arising from aid (military experts, uniform and weaponry) and funding for army reorganization; also, the attempts made in this directions by the heir to the throne, fiAbbas Mirza (1789-1833). The article does not pretend to provide a comprehensive analysis of this scantily explored subject, but aims to give a brief review of striking examples of British-Qajar interaction in the military sphere.