Experimental Study of Statistical Stability of Cardiointerval Samples.

Parameters of the cardiovascular system of a group of individuals of the Arctic and alpine adaptive types from a position of the theory of chaos and self-organization have been studied. It has been established that volumes of quasiattractors of a condition vector of an organism of representatives of the alpine type right after their moving to the north were higher than the volumes of the Arctic representatives. Identification of the most significant parameters (signs) of a condition vector of a human body has been made.

Simulation of any processes is based on some laws that take place inside the simulated object and outside it (changing the environment in which the object is located). In the study of complex biosystems, the identification of patterns is complicated by the fact that such systems have a chaotic structure. In such systems, it is impossible to arbitrarily repeat the initial state xi, any intermediate xn and final xk. Simulation of complex biosystems should be based on random patterns. The created simulation model works based on the random number generation. There are no static values in the model. The inclusion of regulatory mechanisms of the model is based on the search of F-solutions. Chaotic dynamics of changes in the trajectory of a person's limb is established based on experimental data. In accordance with this, in the simulation model, the level of limb retention in space changes its direction by random images in real time. In the framework of the above patterns, a mathematical model of the interaction of muscle bundles was developed to solve the problem of holding the limb in space. When analyzing the performance of the simulation model, the basis of the evaluation measure was taken. The results were obtained on the basis of mathematical statistics and the calculation of the quasiattractor parameters in the framework of the theory of chaos and self-organization. As a result, the correspondence of experimental and model data was established. In the framework of mathematical statistics, when constructing matrices of paired comparisons for experimental data, the number of pairs of matches (the word "matches" refers to the possibility of assigning the compared pairs of samples to one general set) is k = 11 %. The same number of coincidence pairs in percentage terms was established when comparing model data and model with experimental data. In the framework of the theory of chaos and self-organization, the quasiattractor parameters coincide in their area and visual assessment of phase planes. As a result of the research, high accuracy of the model is established, which is ensured by some chaotic dynamics of the model with chaotic selfregulation mechanisms. There are no constants in the mathematical form of the simulation model, which ensures the reproduction of N.A. Bernstein "repetition without repetition" hypothesis, which has been proven for experimental data. For theoretical biophysics, the constructed simulation model is able to provide understanding of the neuromuscular system functioning, as well as, with some complication and expansion of the algorithm, the central nervous system.

Effects of sudden changes in temperature on the general state of functional systems of the body can be assessed by the effects of local cold expesure on the neuromuscular system. Aim: to study electromyograms of the retracting muscle flexor of the little finger with weak static muscle tension (F1 = 50 N) during cold exposure. Methods. Altogether, 15 men aged 20-27 years participated in the study. We used one of the stochastic methods in the form of calculation of matrices of paired comparisons of electromyogram samples as an indicator of k pairs of matches of samples. Matrices of paired comparisons of samples were calculated for each test subject at a static voltage F1 = 50 N before and after local cold exposure. At the same time built a quasi-attractor dynamics, the behavior of x(t) and determined area of the quasi-attractor. In the end, the analysis of the state of the muscles of the subjects in the development of static force F was carried out on the basis of a comparison of the area of quasi-attractors in the form of S. Results. With weak (F1 = 50 N) static force after cold exposure, the area of quasi-attractor increased by 2.5 times, while in the matrices of paired comparisons of samples after local cold exposure, the number of matches of pairs of samples increased from 8 to 14. Conclusion: the regularities of changes in the number of matches of pairs of samples k in the matrices of paired comparisons with changes in the static force and under the influence of local cold exposure were revealed; statistically significant differences were found for such samples k and S before and after hypothermia.

In this report, the authors characterize the features of the functioning of the musculoskeletal system of the athlete involved the piterbasket, as well as the register sensors of the movement, the advantages of non-contact sensors eddy-current type. For the study of the index obtained with these sensors in 134 athletes, the authors used the methods of the theory of chaos and self-organization. This allowed us to use the results for dispensing exercise. The proposed technology to control the state of the neuromuscular system has been recommended for inclusion in the training process of the athlete.

The parameters of cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems in untrained and trained subjects by the methods of classical statistics in terms of the influence of physical activity are examined. A new method of matrices of pairwise comparisons of samples, which allows to evaluate the effect of exercise on the human body is proposed. Calculation of matrices of pairwise comparisons of samples of trained subjects before and after exer-cise showed a decrease in the number of random pairs of samples of RR-intervals that are (pairs of) can be attri-buted to a single population, indicating a stabilizing effect of exercise. It demonstrated the feasibility of applying the method of paired comparisons matrix samples tremorograms and RR-intervals in the evaluation of the reaction of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems of humans to dosed physical stress.

Today, the evidence of the Eskov–Zinchenko effect is becoming increasingly widespread. In this case, it is proved that any set of human body parameters is unique (statistically unique). Now we are also applying this effect to the neural networks of the brain. An analysis of electroencephalograms shows that brain biopotentials are not statistically stable. For the electroencephalograms analysis, it is proposed to create paired sample comparison matrices and find numbers k of the sample pairs that can have one (common) general population. It was found that these numbers k depend on the physiological state of the test subject. For example, for epileptic patients, number k increases dramatically, and it usually does not exceed 30-45% of all 105 pairs in each of such paired comparison matrices.

In the framework of the compartmentae-cluster approach there is possibility of constructing adequate mathematical models that may be of several types supposedly stationary modes of biomechanical systems: in the traditional deterministic approach, when the state vector оf the biomechanical system have equal value and in the framework of the new theory of chaos and self-organization, when system state vector x=x(t)=const. The vector can occur within a bounded volume of the phase space of states. The message signals presented arbitrary human motion under the influence of an alcoholic beverage and the simulated signals for a given external exposure control (Ud=60 у.е.) was compared. Different values ​​of the damping coefficient (b=1,1; b ´= 3,4) present the normal and unnormal state of human body. A comparison was made, the resulting figures and draw conclusions about the impact of damping coefficient on the size of the area of ​​quasi-attractor. Present the state of the biological dynamical system (the human body) under alcohol effect and in normal state.

Parameters of neuromuscular system at the unexercised and trained examinees from a position of the theory of chaos and self-organization are studied. Essential distinction between two studied groups (the trained and unexercised students) is established. Dynamics of involuntary micro-movements of extremities (fingers of hands) in a person as reaction to the dosed physical activity is shown in change of parameters of quasiattractors of characteristics of a tremor. Dynamics of increase in volumes of quasiattractors of a vector of organism state in the unexercised students is revealed. The new technique of research of a control system by movements of a person by means of the analysis of characteristics of a tremor of an extremity in the conditions of physical activity is stated. Practical possibility of application of the method of multidimensional phase spaces of involuntary micro-movement in the assessment of reaction of neuromuscular system of the person on dynamic physical activity is shown. As a measure of state of human neuromuscular system (to loading and after loading) the authors use the quasiattractors of movement of state vector of system in two-dimensional phase space of states.

Since the last century it has been known that inert gases can cause a range of physiological effects. The biological activity of inert gases is an extremely multifaceted phenomenon. Despite the similarity of most physical and chemical characteristics, they are able to affect many organs and tissues by interacting with a variety of protein targets. Currently, it is known that xenon, krypton and argon are capable of changing the functional state of the central nervous system and correcting some psychoemotional disorders. In addition, they influence the processes of apoptosis and cellular response to stress. Noble gases affect the state of the immune system and various parameters of homeostasis. The cytoprotective effects of helium on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems have also been convincingly demonstrated. Thus, noble gases are currently being considered as potential means of correcting various diseases. This review is devoted to the analysis of literature data on the physiological effects of noble gases identified in biomedical studies on patients, as well as in cell culture and in vivo models. Each chapter of the review is devoted to a particular gas of this group, starting with the most studied ones. For each of the noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) their physiological activity, the possibility of using these substances in medicine and some known mechanisms of their action are considered. Moreover, in the review existing data were critically analyzed and key gaps that need to be filled in future research were identified.

Due to wide spread and convenience of video data transmission, data security has become a key issue. This paper presents a new scheme to encrypt high-definition streaming video based on chaos theory and pattern recognition theory. Taking pattern recognition theory as its strategy, this scheme generates chaotic sequences by employing Logistic map and Chebyshev map. The scheme also introduces the authentication information that is used as control parameters of chaotic systems. Therefore, the compound of four one-dimensional chaotic maps reduces the complexity and exhaustive computational overhead of high-dimensional chaos encryption system while the security strength is guaranteed at the same time. Furthermore, the introduction of authentication information and pattern recognition theory makes further contribution to confidentiality. Experiments show that this scheme meets the requirements of real-time transmission and improves the strength of security and efficiency of encryption.

• NAC administration to patients with MetS improved antioxidative defense system and inflammatory status. • NAC administration to patients with MetS ameliorated glycemic control and serum HDL-cholesterol levels. • NAC prescription may be a new strategy for the amelioration of metabolic parameters in patients with MetS. This study examined the impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on metabolic parameters and serum adiponectin levels in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This randomized clinical trial included 76 people with MetS, aged 25–75 years. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 1800 mg/day NAC (n = 38) or matched placebo (n = 38) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at the onset and at the end of 12-week intervention to quantify metabolic parameters. NAC significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.02), fasting serum insulin (P = 0.006), insulin resistance index (P = 0.005), and serum C-reactive protein (P = 0.003), and increased serum HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.001) and plasma total glutathione (P < 0.001) versus the placebo group. NAC administration did not alter adiponectin, blood pressure, other lipid indices, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity. Overall, 1800 mg/day NAC consumption for 12 weeks in MetS subjects had positive impacts on the parameters of glycemic homeostasis, HDL-cholesterol, inflammatory status, and body antioxidative defense system. NAC prescription may be a new strategy for the amelioration of metabolic parameters in individuals with MetS. Clinical Trial Registration: This clinical trial was prospectively registered in the Iranian website for registration of clinical trials ( https://www.irct.ir/trial/44284 ).

Introduction: Long-duration physical activity in winter is associated with significant demands for neurovegetative system. Aim: To explore the changes in the parameters of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurovegetative systems in men during a winter marathon. Methods: Parameters of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems of the group were estimated in 15 men after the winter marathon (50 km) using an automated computer-based system. Pairwise comparisons matrices of the parameter of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems before and after the marathon were performed. There were found the k numbers of pair samples that had a common general population. Results: Four matrices of pairwise comparisons were constructed and shown the increasing of the proportion of stochastic from k1 = 11 to k2= 13 for the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. Conclusions: An equidirectional dynamic of stochastic's proportion changes before and after the marathon is observed. For the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, the drop of chaos is observed, but we still can make a conclusion on the statistical instability of the samples.

In order to make sure that structures adhere to the necessary norms and laws, it is essential to evaluate the quality of building construction. According to several frameworks, the quality of a building’s construction can be assessed in a number of different circumstances. In order to provide building projects with excellent quality and competitive pricing, hard work is required. To raise the standard of building construction, a model was created. The goal of this project is to provide a model for raising building construction quality. This study used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique, which includes the determination of consistency ratios, pairwise comparisons, normalization, and a comparison matrix. The difficulty of implementing quality was determined for each task using the AHP technique. This was multiplied by the quality factor to obtain the final quality level. The model was tested in three different situations, and it was discovered that quality application is challenging across all building operations. Using a quality evaluation technique, this study assessed the building construction quality in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, a pairwise comparison, normalization, and a comparison matrix were used to calculate the consistency ratio. The ultimate quality level was determined by multiplying the difficulty level for each activity, as determined using the AHP approach, by the quality factor. This study will therefore be helpful to those involved in Saudi Arabian building, including architects, engineers, quality experts, and others. Additionally, the tool aids in the decision making process for enhancing construction quality.

We consider methods for aggregating preferences based on discrete optimization. The preferences are represented by arbitrary binary relations (possibly weighted) or matrices of paired comparisons (possibly incomplete). The case of incomplete preferences remains practically unexplored so far. We examine properties of several known methods and propose one new method. Some results are established that characterize solutions of the related optimization problems. Necessary conditions of a new axiom called Self-Consistent Monotonicity are proved. The generalized row sum method is shown to satisfy Self-Consistent Monotonicity. The results suggest that there are general limitations of the discrete optimization approach to preference aggregation.

Peer Review Report For: Peculiarities of neoplasms appeared after total body irradiation and homeostasis parameters in rats [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations