External Threats to Russia's Economic Security

Relevance of the research. For Ukraine, the relevance of the topic is enhanced by the need to develop a long-term model of economic recovery and modernization, which would be based on the principles of sustainability, economic sovereignty, social security and integration into the European security space. In the EU countries, in turn, there is a growing awareness of the need to strengthen economic and energy security, adaptation to the new reality, where the policy of “soft power” no longer ensures stability. Therefore, the issue of economic security is becoming key for the formation of modern economic policy of both Ukraine and the European Union. Problem statement. Modern economic challenges require a new scientific paradigm — an integrative model of security economics, which would allow states to maintain stability and competitiveness, providing protection from threats and creating a basis for long-term development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of economic security is considered in various conceptual planes, for example, during the period of F. Roosevelt's “New Deal”, when economic stabilization was considered an element of national security in the USA. Ukrainian researchers, in particular, Ya. Zhalilo, consider economic security as the ability of the economy to self-reproduce and resist destabilizing factors. Other scientists focus on the resilience of the economic system to external and internal threats (O. Skoruk, Z. Gbur), methods of their neutralization, mechanisms for ensuring competitiveness and socio-economic stability. Research task. Theoretical justification and empirical analysis of the concept of security economy in the context of modern geopolitical challenges, as well as identification of key areas of economic policy of Ukraine and the European Union countries. Main material presentation. The article analyzes Ukraine’s national strategies in the field of economic security since 2014, and shows how the military conflict forced the state to move towards the integration of defense, energy, financial and social mechanisms into a common economic paradigm. Particular attention is paid to post-war recovery programs, including grant initiatives, stimulating small and medium-sized businesses, supporting critical infrastructure and attracting international assistance. It highlights research approaches to the analysis of economic growth as an ambiguous indicator of well-being and security, in particular with regard to environmental, social and institutional consequences. The concept of “economic socialization” is considered, which involves the development of human capital, social cohesion and citizen participation in decision-making as a key condition for sustainable development. In the context of the EU, the emphasis is on changes in the security paradigm, which were manifested through the adoption of the Strategic Compass, strengthening the defense potential, energy transformation and the conclusion of security agreements with Ukraine. It is shown that the security economy is becoming a new model of cooperation between Ukraine and Europe, focused on long-term stability, strategic autonomy, and the protection of democratic values. Conclusions. Economic security in the post-war recovery period will obviously be closely linked to social stability. After the war, many people face unemployment, loss of housing, and a decline in living standards. The state must ensure social support, the creation of new jobs, access to education, and health services. This will help avoid social tensions and ensure internal stability. Keywords: security economy, economic security, post-war recovery, economic growth, social cohesion, public policy, institutional stability.

The article presents the author’s approach to the essence of the process of ensuring economic security of an economic entity in the conditions of anti-crisis management. The authors analyze the main directions in the field of economic security, including the development and implementation of a system of economic, legal and organizational measures aimed at minimizing the level of influence on the formation of financial, material, information and human resources of external and internal threats in anti-crisis conditions. Anti-crisis management in such circumstances is the main tool for ensuring economic security and focuses on minimizing or eliminating risks and threats through the use of current methods and techniques, as well as modern management capabilities that allow developing priority activities of socially and economically promising economic entities.

The principal purpose of the study is to determine the main parameters of corporate security development in the enterprise in the context of determining the level of impact of external and internal threats. The study uses survey methods on the main internal and external threats that may affect the corporate security of enterprises. The purpose of the practical part of our study is to determine the level of these threats to corporate security. The methodological basis of our study is the method of expert evaluation, which was conducted by interviewing people involved in the process of corporate security management of enterprises, as well as methods of the hierarchical organization using matrices of pair-wise comparisons. The major results of the study can be considered determining the hierarchy of influence of each of the threats affecting the corporate security of industrial enterprises, which will allow optimizing the security system and directing its activities to more pressing issues. Our method of the hierarchical organization of threats to corporate security does not take into account the specifics of the corporate security system of industrial enterprises in most European countries and now can be freely implemented mainly in industrial enterprises of Eastern Europe. The proposed method of assessing external and internal threats is currently optimized for the activities of industrial enterprises in Eastern Europe, including Ukraine and Poland. In the following, at an expansion of the given research, there is a possibility of introducting this methodology to the enterprises of other countries or other profiles. The relevance of this study lies in determining the level of threats that affect the corporate security of industrial enterprises. The methodology for assessing the level of influence of these threats is universal, therefore it can be used in the event of a change in the main threats, it is extremely relevant in the context of rapid globalization changes in the world.

The purpose of this article is to study the features of certain aspects of the development of the financial monitoring toolkit system as a category of financial control in the context of ensuring Russia's economic security in modern conditions. The theoretical significance of this article is the analysis and systematization of scientific research related to the study of certain aspects of the evolution and improvement of financial monitoring tools as a category of financial control in the context of ensuring economic security. The practical significance of the presented research is that it has established the place of the financial monitoring toolkit system in the financial control system and its importance for ensuring the economic security of the state and business entities. The conclusions obtained during the study are as follows: scientific research is systematized related to the consideration of certain aspects of the evolution and improvement of the financial monitoring tool system as a category of financial control in the context of ensuring the economic security of Russia, features of its development in modern conditions of growing global and national threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation are disclosed, related to the criminalization of financial flows and transactions, while the role of financial monitoring as a key category of financial control is steadily increasing. The effectiveness of the system for combating the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism (hereinafter—AML/CFT) directly depends on the adequacy and development of its tools. Special attention is paid in the article to the impact of modern technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning on the development of analytical capabilities of financial monitoring, as well as problems of data integration and interdepartmental interaction.

SOURCES OF FINANCING INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ENTERPRISES

This research evaluated personal economic security as the most important component of national security. The purpose of evaluation personal economic security is to obtain characteristics of the quality and standards of living, as well as to identify trends in changes in the personal economic security in throughout Russia. The purpose of the study was to assess the level of personal economic security in Russia and Irkutsk region. The authors used such methods as the structural-­functional method, analysis, synthesis, and statistics: generalization, absolute and relative values, and dynamic series. The authors proposed and used a system of criteria for assessing economic security of an individual according to the most important indicators of the socio-economic development of the country and region. The analysis of indicators using method of E.I. Kuznetsova allowed us to determine the inconsistency of most of the indicators with their recommended values during the period under review, in particular, the level of social inequality, poverty, financial support for retirees, unemployment level, population growth, enrollment in vocational education. Considering identified negative trends, we found unsatisfactory level of personal economic security both in Russia and in the Irkutsk region. For the diagnostics of the level of personal economic security, we should prioritize the creation of benchmarks for the indicators used.

The article analyzes the current trends in the field of transformation of professional competencies being formed by educational institutions of higher education among specialists in the field of economic security and risk analysis. Actual requirements of employers in the labor market in the field of economics are described. The main reasons for the need to change the list and composition of professional competencies are identified. On the example of the current Russian educational standard, the shortcomings of the existing regulatory framework are identified. Scenarios of the development of the educational environment in the absence of changes are analyzed. Measures are proposed to actualize professional competencies and maintain and increase the level of competitiveness of specialists in the field of risk analysis and economic security in the labor market.

Today, the influence of dynamic changes in geopolitical and geo-economics’ conditions requires new requirements to ensure the national security of the state and its sustainable development. One of the central places in the structure of the national security of Ukraine is its economic security, which guarantees the independence of the country, the conditions of stability and effective functioning of society. In this regard, tracking of trends in the economic sphere, detection of the main risks and threats to economic security, identification of measures dealing with reduction of their negative impact are relevant both from a scientific and practical point of view. This article considers the key threats to the economic security of the state in the context of globalization, the long-term influence of which reduces the economic security of the state, makes it vulnerable to external challenges, and significantly weakens its position on the world stage.The importance of ensuring the state economic security and counteracting the negative impact of threats that may harm it has been proved. It has been noted that ensuring of economic security is a priority of the state. The essence of economic security of the state and its importance for national security in general has been described. The current legislative documents, which identify the main real and potential threats to the national security of Ukraine at the present stage, including in the economic sphere have been considered. The interference of threats to the state economic security, which are divided according to the scope of their occurrence into internal and external, has been assessed. It has been determined that external threats are associated with adverse processes in the world economy, and internal threats are dealing with the activities of public authorities, macroeconomic and microeconomic instability of the market economy, they are stipulated to those processes that occur during economic policy. It has been noted that the current conditions for the development of the state security, due to new challenges and threats, need to improve and implement new measures to combat the negative influence of major threats to the national economic security. As a result of the study, the main measures to counter the main threats to the state economic security were identified.

The article considers the problems of standardization in the field of economic security. The aim of the article is to develop a scientific and methodological approach to the development of a single national standard for economic security of enterprises adapted to international security standards. According to the results of the study, the systematization and a list of international security standards that can be applied in the field of economic security and their compliance with the functional components of the economic security system of the enterprise. The scientific and methodical approach on development of the general (national) standard on economic safety of the enterprise taking into account the European safety standards is offered. The study provided an opportunity to propose a partial solution to the problem of standardization of economic security of enterprises and identify further areas of research on the general problem, which may be issues related to improving the scientific and methodological apparatus needed to develop standards of economic security of enterprises; development of methods that are necessary for the development of standards for each functional component of the economic security of the enterprise; development (improvement) of methods for assessing the risks of managing the economic security system; development (improvement) of legal documents on economic security.

In the constantly changing conditions of the external environment, with the modern development of science and technology, with a high level of competition, the success of an organization's functioning lies in its timely ability to effectively respond to market demands. An enterprise's resistance to external and internal threats is determined by the level of its economic security. In other words, the economic security of an enterprise is the state of its protection from the negative influence of external and internal threats, destabilizing factors, under which the sustainable implementation of the main commercial interests and goals of the statutory activities is achieved.
 It is extremely important to conduct a systematic analysis of the management of the economic security of enterprises, develop effective methods for assessing the current level of security in companies and improve mechanisms for increasing economic security to improve the competitiveness of Russian business in modern market realities.
 The concept of economic security includes a whole range of functional components. In addition to financial security, the system of economic security includes personnel, technological, market, legal, interface, environmental, information and power components, which equally affect the well-being of the company. And only when comprehensive measures are taken to improve each functional component, a high, competitive level of economic security can be achieved.
 It is extremely important to understand the essence of the economic security of an enterprise, to study methodological approaches to assessing the current level of economic security and to learn how to correctly use the mechanisms to improve it.

To assess the state of economic security in Russia, both traditional and relatively new macroeconomic indices are used, which depend on changes in digital tools. With the help of macroeconomic indices, the level of economic security of any country is assessed. The study assesses the development of key economic security indices of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the value of GDP and the influence of the digital economy on it. Different points of view on the volume of “digital” GDP and methods of its calculation are presented. The authors systematize views on the absolute and relative indices of the volume of the digital economy in Russia and estimate these values. The study is conducted to determine the share of the digital economy in the country’s value of GDP, as well as the reasons for different values obtained, and GDP is used as a characteristic of economic security of the country.

This work examines the essence of the company's financial security. It is noted that the financial security of the enterprise covers a complex of the most important financial indicators that reflect stable financial and economic activity, the company's development and competitiveness. The constituent elements of security and the main factors of influence are characterized, which include the analysis of external and internal threats and risks of business activity, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise, an analysis of the company was carried out using the SWOT analysis method, using the example of the limited liability company «Uniplyt» (in hereinafter «Uniplyt» LLC), engaged in the production of woodworking products, fiberboard, plywood, lumber. The influence of state regulation on the financial security of enterprises is characterized, and the experience of Ukraine regarding financial security during the period of martial law is presented. The step-by-step analysis of the level of financial security at the researched enterprise was determined, with the help of which it is possible to exercise control over the enterprise's activities and to carry out constant monitoring of internal and external threats. The methods of determining the level of financial security of the enterprise, which are used to evaluate it, financial stability and the level of financial potential of business entities are highlighted. In particular, they include: methods of integral assessment of the company's financial security, methods of indicator assessment of the company's financial security, and methods of assessing the company's financial security based on bankruptcy analysis. Methods for assessing financial security by determining the level of probability of bankruptcy of the enterprise according to the models of such scientists as Tereshchenko and Altman were studied. Based on the calculated models for determining the probability of bankruptcy, we present matrices for the analysis of financial stability and financial potential. The strengths and weaknesses of the company's activity were identified and measures were proposed to improve the work of Uniplyt LLC. A forecast of the company's activity and suggestions for improving its activity for further development and profit growth are presented.

Introduction: taking into account the ongoing digitalization as the major context, the ar- ticle analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of criminal policy in the field of economic security. Purpose: to identify the trends in the modern criminal law impact on so- cial relations in the field of economic activity and to propose ways to improve legislation aimed at implementing criminal policy on economic security in the context of digitalization. Methods: general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, interpretation, formal logic; method of histori- cal and legal analysis; methods of legalistic (technical) analysis and legal modeling. Results: we have identified the following trends in criminal policy in the field of economic security: the deviation (shift) of the rules of criminal law and criminal procedure; the absence of a set of al- ternative measures of influence on legally protected relations; the insufficiency of digital me- chanisms in the criminal law impact on social relations. Conclusions: there should be expected amendments to criminal and criminal procedure legislation aimed at maintaining the balance of private and public interests. However, an appropriate level of this balance can be achieved only with timely counteraction to emerging risks and threats to economic security (corruption, capi- tal outflow, insecurity in the insurance and loan sectors, currency circulation, etc.), while en- suring the coordination of criminal law, administrative, civil, financial regulations, as well as the optimization of law enforcement (administration of law).

The article highlights the need to transform approaches to economic security in a highly dynamic environment. It is emphasized that in modern conditions the development of a set of measures of situational regulation of economic situations that arise in the practice of enterprises in the context of ensuring and managing their safe condition and development is of particular importance. The reflection on new tasks in the field of economic security of industrial enterprises is the transformation of the entire management cycle of enterprise protection from threats, development and implementation of flexible management tools based on the methodology of the equilibrium approach to economic security. The purpose of the study is to develop guidelines for the functioning of the mechanism of economic security of industrial enterprises based on the use of flexible management tools. The article outlines that the formation of a mechanism for ensuring the economic security of industrial enterprises based on the use of flexible management tools should take into account modern features of the external environment, which is characterized by high dynamics and intensity of events. Sometimes, it is the high dynamism of events, rather than their nature, that causes threatening situations for the economic system of the enterprise. It is emphasized that in the process of forming a mechanism for ensuring economic security of industrial enterprises based on the use of flexible management tools should take into account the nature of many crises, both internal and external, which can be allocated to a separate area of research intensity of threats. The author proposes to identify the main qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the category "threat" (threat strength and intensity), which should be the basis for developing components of the relevant mechanism for economic security of industrial enterprises, details for the application of their modes. The author emphasizes that the scientific basis of the process of developing a mechanism for economic security using flexible tools should be the concept of flexible management, which is an established system of views on the organization of flexible management, its essential characteristics and holistic theoretical basis. The application of the provisions of the concept of flexible management, Agile-management, the theoretical basis of which is situational theory, should provide the ability to identify factors that affect the economic security of industrial enterprises, its adaptation to environmental changes, and the ability to properly take into account current market needs, potential threats and developing new perspectives. In this context, ensuring the economic security of industrial enterprises through the use of flexible management tools is a management decision-making process that allows to take into account changes in the external environment quickly and adjust management decisions to ensure economic security of industrial enterprises in accordance with existing external and internal threats. Keywords: flexible management of the economic security system, the mechanism of economic security of the enterprise, the intensity of threats, Agile-management, tools for flexible management

Aim. The work aimed to study the consequences of implementing products using artificial intelligence technologies in economic security systems.Objectives. The work seeks to analyze the development directions and results of artificial intelligence technologies; to assess the capabilities (beneficial effects) of these technologies in economic security systems of organizations; to identify specific threats to economic security, associated with the use of artificial intelligence technologies in organizations; to develop recommendations for mitigating these threats.Methods. The study employed comparative and retrospective analysis, economic-statistical and index methods, as well as special methods for studying economic security, expert-analytical and system approaches.Results. It has been established that the use of artificial intelligence in economic security systems can produce a significant beneficial effect. The advantages of its use in the field under consideration are associated with the fact that in formal analysis (from the standpoint of its rate, accuracy, consistency and taking into account the maximum possible number of factors), the artificial intelligence products surpass human capabilities. This results in a gradual replacement (moreover in the future) of human intelligence with artificial intelligence in the field under consideration, at least in cases of tasks that do not require non-standard, creative solutions, based sometimes on the paradoxical nature of human thinking. At the same time, such a development of events gives rise to a number of specific threats to economic security, namely “engagement” of many products using AI technologies; the possibility of manipulating information; loss of critical thinking skills by officials; the growing importance of cyberattacks.Conclusions. The development of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence technologies, has an ambiguous impact on economic security at all levels of the economic system. Overcoming the problems identified in the study requires activities in a number of fields, namely the formation of national products using artificial intelligence technologies, within the implementation of state policy to achieve technological sovereignty; strengthening the information component of systemic measures to ensure economic security; revision of approaches to the formation of competencies of specialists in the field of economic security, who use (or can potentially use) artificial intelligence products in their activities.