SOURCES OF FINANCING INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ENTERPRISES

The article analyzes the current trends in the field of transformation of professional competencies being formed by educational institutions of higher education among specialists in the field of economic security and risk analysis. Actual requirements of employers in the labor market in the field of economics are described. The main reasons for the need to change the list and composition of professional competencies are identified. On the example of the current Russian educational standard, the shortcomings of the existing regulatory framework are identified. Scenarios of the development of the educational environment in the absence of changes are analyzed. Measures are proposed to actualize professional competencies and maintain and increase the level of competitiveness of specialists in the field of risk analysis and economic security in the labor market.

The article considers the problems of standardization in the field of economic security. The aim of the article is to develop a scientific and methodological approach to the development of a single national standard for economic security of enterprises adapted to international security standards. According to the results of the study, the systematization and a list of international security standards that can be applied in the field of economic security and their compliance with the functional components of the economic security system of the enterprise. The scientific and methodical approach on development of the general (national) standard on economic safety of the enterprise taking into account the European safety standards is offered. The study provided an opportunity to propose a partial solution to the problem of standardization of economic security of enterprises and identify further areas of research on the general problem, which may be issues related to improving the scientific and methodological apparatus needed to develop standards of economic security of enterprises; development of methods that are necessary for the development of standards for each functional component of the economic security of the enterprise; development (improvement) of methods for assessing the risks of managing the economic security system; development (improvement) of legal documents on economic security.

Introduction: taking into account the ongoing digitalization as the major context, the ar- ticle analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of criminal policy in the field of economic security. Purpose: to identify the trends in the modern criminal law impact on so- cial relations in the field of economic activity and to propose ways to improve legislation aimed at implementing criminal policy on economic security in the context of digitalization. Methods: general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, interpretation, formal logic; method of histori- cal and legal analysis; methods of legalistic (technical) analysis and legal modeling. Results: we have identified the following trends in criminal policy in the field of economic security: the deviation (shift) of the rules of criminal law and criminal procedure; the absence of a set of al- ternative measures of influence on legally protected relations; the insufficiency of digital me- chanisms in the criminal law impact on social relations. Conclusions: there should be expected amendments to criminal and criminal procedure legislation aimed at maintaining the balance of private and public interests. However, an appropriate level of this balance can be achieved only with timely counteraction to emerging risks and threats to economic security (corruption, capi- tal outflow, insecurity in the insurance and loan sectors, currency circulation, etc.), while en- suring the coordination of criminal law, administrative, civil, financial regulations, as well as the optimization of law enforcement (administration of law).

The subject of the study is the state and prospects of development of legal and economic foundations of regulation of legal relations in the sphere of national security of Ukraine. Methodology. In the process of research were used general scientific and special legal methods. Dialectical method made it possible to compare the level of legal protection of private and public interests as a type of national interests in comparison with the objects of national security. By means of analysis were determined quantitative and qualitative parameters of measures implemented within the framework of ensuring national security of Ukraine in the sphere of protected national interests of legal and economic nature. Synthesis provided the formation of common features that mediate the existence of the main categories in the sphere of national security, taking into account the time period in which the relevant measures are implemented. Comparative-legal method allowed us to identify common and distinctive features in the implementation of measures of legal and economic nature to ensure national security at different times and in the future. The purpose of the article is to establish the state and determine the prospects of development of legal and economic provision of regulation of social relations in the sphere of national security, taking into account geopolitical and internal challenges of the corresponding period of the existence of Ukrainian statehood. The results of the study showed that the state of legal and economic security of national security of Ukraine needs to be adjusted and improved taking into account the needs of the time in the geopolitical space, which is reflected in the organizational, legal and legislative work of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the research of scientists. Conclusion. The legal and economic foundations of Ukraine's national security developed under the influence of a number of factors, among which the determining ones are: international standards; creation of a legal regulation mechanism harmonizing private and public interests as part of national interests; prompt response to external and internal challenges, creation of the most effective conditions for the existence of civil society, including economic, involvement of institutions of democratic civil control in this activity. It is established that the formation of legal and economic security of national security of Ukraine took place in three stages: the initial period, when the general rules of normalization of legal relations in this area were laid down; the period of unification and systematization of normative regulations in this sphere, taking into account the proportionality of public and private national interests included in the content of national security, with the priority of the latter, in particular in the field of economic security; the period of adaptation of the regulatory framework in the field of national security to the geopolitical challenges that Ukraine faced after the Revolution of Dignity. The defining features of these stages are characterized. It is established that the legal regulation and economic provision of national security of Ukraine today is determined by the following features: in the first place among the national interests are the state sovereignty, territorial integrity, democratic constitutional order, which are associated with a real threat to these interests due to the existing aggression; a number of strategic documents in the relevant areas of national security, the content of which contains a qualification of threats, directions of state policy and appropriate response measures, in particular to ensure economic security, were categorically defined; the legal status of subjects of national security has been normalized and significantly expanded; the content of the powers and functions of these subjects is reduced, and the content of the activities of citizens and public organizations is ignored; for the first time elements of democratic civil control in the sphere of national security are introduced into the legal field. Analyzed modern scientific developments on the national security of Ukraine, which allowed to highlight promising directions of development of measures of legal and economic nature aimed at ensuring national security, including the prevention of threats in the sphere of influence of geopolitical vectors of the modern world system on the formation of Ukrainian statehood, preventing the impact of negative factors of internal and external origin, in particular: separatism; cybercrime; corruption; economic and financial threats; energy crisis; COVID-19 pandemics, etc. In addition, a characteristic feature of such measures should be their ex-ordinary effectiveness, which is mediated by the involvement of all branches of government and institutions of civil society through deep coordination of such activities, the use of international experience, cooperation with international organizations of a military-economic type, the dissemination of the jurisprudence of international courts, using the example of the European Court of Human Rights, etc.

In modern conditions of uncertainty of the functioning of the national economy, the issues of analysis of external threats to Russia's economic security act as a way to assess the degree of its dependence on the actions of other states. The analysis of the main indicators in the field of economic security indicates a close relationship between external and internal threats, where external threats can be considered in some cases as a source of internal formation, which objectively increases the importance of strengthening national policies to ensure the protection of the economy from external influences. The research analyzed general directions of the influence of external threats on the domestic economy - such as high dependence of the national economy on unfriendly countries, the strengthening of foreign economic pressure on Russia, the attempts to destabilize the domestic economic situation through the termination of economic management, capital outflow, and pressure on others. We examined operational statistical data, conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis, and proposed measures to mitigate the impact of external threats with clarification of long-term prospects for the development of economic security.

The theoretical and practical aspects of reducing technological vulnerabilities and reducing import dependence as key conditions for ensuring economic security are considered. The research is based on a systematic approach, which involves an analysis of the interrelationships between technological sovereignty, industrial structure and the sustainability of the export model. It is shown that high dependence on imports of critical technologies, equipment and components limits the development of domestic industry and increases the vulnerability of the economy to external shocks. Special attention is paid to the analysis of three strategic industries – automotive, pharmaceuticals and microelectronics. Based on data from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, the Institute of National Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences and industry associations, typical forms of technological dependence have been identified and their consequences for export potential have been assessed. The international experience (India, China, Taiwan, Brazil) is summarized, demonstrating the effectiveness of the policy of forming closed production cycles, clustering, stimulating R&D and export orientation of industry. Proposals have been formulated for the formation of national technological cores, the development of human resources and the creation of full-cycle industrial clusters. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the results obtained in the development of import substitution strategies, programs for the development of high-tech industries and government policy in the field of economic security.

The training manual presents the methodological aspects of the policy of economic security of the enterprise: the concept of policy, classification of risks, threats and methodology of their assessment, the mechanism of economic security of the enterprise, including the processes of formation of economic security strategy, accounting, control of risks and threats. The textbook meets the requirements of the GEF in the specialty 38.05.01 Economic security. Designed for undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students studying in economic specialties and areas of training, as well as for business leaders, specialists in the field of economic security

Relevance of the research. For Ukraine, the relevance of the topic is enhanced by the need to develop a long-term model of economic recovery and modernization, which would be based on the principles of sustainability, economic sovereignty, social security and integration into the European security space. In the EU countries, in turn, there is a growing awareness of the need to strengthen economic and energy security, adaptation to the new reality, where the policy of “soft power” no longer ensures stability. Therefore, the issue of economic security is becoming key for the formation of modern economic policy of both Ukraine and the European Union. Problem statement. Modern economic challenges require a new scientific paradigm — an integrative model of security economics, which would allow states to maintain stability and competitiveness, providing protection from threats and creating a basis for long-term development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of economic security is considered in various conceptual planes, for example, during the period of F. Roosevelt's “New Deal”, when economic stabilization was considered an element of national security in the USA. Ukrainian researchers, in particular, Ya. Zhalilo, consider economic security as the ability of the economy to self-reproduce and resist destabilizing factors. Other scientists focus on the resilience of the economic system to external and internal threats (O. Skoruk, Z. Gbur), methods of their neutralization, mechanisms for ensuring competitiveness and socio-economic stability. Research task. Theoretical justification and empirical analysis of the concept of security economy in the context of modern geopolitical challenges, as well as identification of key areas of economic policy of Ukraine and the European Union countries. Main material presentation. The article analyzes Ukraine’s national strategies in the field of economic security since 2014, and shows how the military conflict forced the state to move towards the integration of defense, energy, financial and social mechanisms into a common economic paradigm. Particular attention is paid to post-war recovery programs, including grant initiatives, stimulating small and medium-sized businesses, supporting critical infrastructure and attracting international assistance. It highlights research approaches to the analysis of economic growth as an ambiguous indicator of well-being and security, in particular with regard to environmental, social and institutional consequences. The concept of “economic socialization” is considered, which involves the development of human capital, social cohesion and citizen participation in decision-making as a key condition for sustainable development. In the context of the EU, the emphasis is on changes in the security paradigm, which were manifested through the adoption of the Strategic Compass, strengthening the defense potential, energy transformation and the conclusion of security agreements with Ukraine. It is shown that the security economy is becoming a new model of cooperation between Ukraine and Europe, focused on long-term stability, strategic autonomy, and the protection of democratic values. Conclusions. Economic security in the post-war recovery period will obviously be closely linked to social stability. After the war, many people face unemployment, loss of housing, and a decline in living standards. The state must ensure social support, the creation of new jobs, access to education, and health services. This will help avoid social tensions and ensure internal stability. Keywords: security economy, economic security, post-war recovery, economic growth, social cohesion, public policy, institutional stability.

Aim. The work aimed to study the consequences of implementing products using artificial intelligence technologies in economic security systems.Objectives. The work seeks to analyze the development directions and results of artificial intelligence technologies; to assess the capabilities (beneficial effects) of these technologies in economic security systems of organizations; to identify specific threats to economic security, associated with the use of artificial intelligence technologies in organizations; to develop recommendations for mitigating these threats.Methods. The study employed comparative and retrospective analysis, economic-statistical and index methods, as well as special methods for studying economic security, expert-analytical and system approaches.Results. It has been established that the use of artificial intelligence in economic security systems can produce a significant beneficial effect. The advantages of its use in the field under consideration are associated with the fact that in formal analysis (from the standpoint of its rate, accuracy, consistency and taking into account the maximum possible number of factors), the artificial intelligence products surpass human capabilities. This results in a gradual replacement (moreover in the future) of human intelligence with artificial intelligence in the field under consideration, at least in cases of tasks that do not require non-standard, creative solutions, based sometimes on the paradoxical nature of human thinking. At the same time, such a development of events gives rise to a number of specific threats to economic security, namely “engagement” of many products using AI technologies; the possibility of manipulating information; loss of critical thinking skills by officials; the growing importance of cyberattacks.Conclusions. The development of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence technologies, has an ambiguous impact on economic security at all levels of the economic system. Overcoming the problems identified in the study requires activities in a number of fields, namely the formation of national products using artificial intelligence technologies, within the implementation of state policy to achieve technological sovereignty; strengthening the information component of systemic measures to ensure economic security; revision of approaches to the formation of competencies of specialists in the field of economic security, who use (or can potentially use) artificial intelligence products in their activities.

Nowadays, close attention is paid to economic security problems at the level of a country, region, and company. Economic crises exacerbate existing problems at the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels. The destabilization of the Russian economy harms the development of territorial entities of the country. In turn, the steady growth of some regions of the country minimizes national risks and determines the economic development at the national level. The instability of the world economy, the crisis consequences substantiate the urgency of the problem of developing tools that contribute to the economic security of the region. The economic security of the national economy is based on the sustainable development of regional structures. Foreign economic activity is one of the most critical factors in the economic development of the region and its economic security. In order to formulate a state policy in the field of economic security at the national level, it is advisable to identify goals and objectives that ensure the improvement of foreign economic activity and sustainable development of the regions, which determined the relevance of the chosen topic.

The issue of human potential development as one of the main sources of human capital and intellectual work in the field of defense of the country and in the country as a whole is studied. The problems of loss of human potential at the stages of its creation by analyzing the socio-economic and military situation in Ukraine, including demographic changes, changes in gross domestic product, income inequality in comparison with some European countries, the principles of personnel policy in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, management and defense spending in terms of the share of the state budget in the field of defense. The results of the analysis indicate a high level of inequality among the population of Ukraine, low purchasing power, the fact that there is a large arrears of wages, which negatively affects the ability to reproduce human abilities, as well as problems with compliance with international norms and practices. defense. An imbalance in the income of the population between the poor and rich classes, as well as the absence of the middle class. It is determined that it is expedient to create a favorable investment climate for the citizens of Ukraine, change the model of socio-economic development for the use of human capital, development of science and innovation, attract foreign investment, support national producers, preserve and create new jobs, carry out educational reform. scientific specialties that will be relevant in the future, taking into account technological progress, combating income inequality, creating a "middle class", and providing opportunities for citizens to receive a decent reward for honest work. Despite the significant growth of economic indicators, Ukraine is still characterized by a high level of poverty. This problem is solved in developed countries through adequate and effective state policy in the field of economic security, support of the national producer, creation of favorable conditions for investment processes, jobs, ensuring adequate financial support in the field of health, education and science.

Amid growing geopolitical tensions, economic sanctions have become a key instrument of coercion in international relations. However, their long-term consequences and the mechanisms of national economies’ adaptation to sanction pressure remain an area requiring systematic study, which determines the relevance of this research.The purpose of this study is to identify patterns and key mechanisms of national economic adaptation to sanction pressure based on a comparative analysis of the historical experiences of the USSR, Iran, Venezuela, and North Korea.The article presents a comparative analysis of the historical experience of adaptation to sanctions in four countries: the USSR, Iran, Venezuela, and North Korea. The research relies on the historical-economic method and a comparative approach, which make it possible to identify both universal patterns and specific features of adaptation strategies in different political and economic systems.The article identifies the key factors determining economic resilience. It establishes that effective adaptation mechanisms include diversification of foreign trade relations and logistical corridors, the creation of alternative financial institutions and instruments (national payment systems, crypto-assets), as well as accelerated technological import substitution in strategic industries. It is shown that the effectiveness of these measures is determined by the type of economic system, the degree of its diversification, and, most importantly, the timeliness and comprehensiveness of their implementation.The comparative analysis makes it possible to outline a set of measures for modern states under sanction pressure. Empirical evidence demonstrates that, despite the absence of a universal model, successful adaptation is possible through a synthesis of state strategic planning, stimulation of domestic markets, and active pursuit of alternative economic partners. The identified patterns are valuable for developing effective policies in the field of economic security.

International scientific-practical conference “Current Issues of the World Economy, International Economic Relations and International Communications Amidst the Formation of a New World Order and Polarization of the World” (March 24–25, 2025). Vol. 1. Riga, Latvia : Baltija Publishing, 2025. 340 pages.

The issue of defining concepts and developing terminology is fundamental in any science. Definitions and terms influence the final results of research. Currently, a large number of diverse approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “economic security” are presented in the scientific literature, while the content of each analyzed term reflects one or another approach of the author. Given the dynamic growth of objective interest in the requirements and practical aspects and issues of ensuring economic security, the systematization and development of the methodological apparatus for ensuring economic security, according to the authors, is a priority of scientific research. The results of a study on the substantiation of a methodological approach to conducting a terminological analysis of key concepts on the example of the maxim "economic security" are presented. This approach offers a five-step gradation of terminological constructions and allows you to highlight the key factors that most fully and accurately characterize the concept of economic security, as well as give an author's definition that meets the criteria of significance. The methodological approach is universal and can be used for terminological analysis of scientific categories both in the field of economic security and in other scientific fields.

Studies of leading scientists in the field of economic security indicate that negative factors of socio-economic development influence human development. Among the negative factors determining factors are the low level of real incomes of the population, the level of differentiation of incomes, the high level of the population with incomes below the subsistence level, the high level of unemployment, and other factors. In the article, threats to the economic security of an individual are considered as a combination of conditions and factors that destructively affect human development. The indicators of socio-economic development of the Republic of Kalmykia that affect human development are analyzed, the data on the dynamics of the human development index are presented. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the impact of low incomes, poverty, and other negative factors on the socio-psychological state of the population of the republic. Surveys showed that economic problems, financial difficulties did not lead to the dominance of negative feelings of anxiety, apathy, aggression. Poverty makes it difficult for people to get high-paid jobs, quality education and health services, and the possibility of successful socialization of children and youth. That is, the poverty of the population limits the possibilities of human development in the Republic of Kalmykia. In order to maintain stability and prevent interethnic conflicts, active state policy is required to monitor and manage the unevenness of intra-regional socio-economic development. It is necessary to prevent tense situations related to personal security threats promptly.