Field Work in an Introductory Family Course

Previous articleNext article FreeContributorsPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreLuciana de Souza Leão is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Michigan. She is a political and comparative sociologist with broad interests in knowledge-making processes, social inequalities, and the state.Pablo Gastón is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Michigan. His research focuses on changing forms of economic conflict in the American labor movement.Danya Lagos is assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. They specialize in the relationship between gender, social change, and demography.Grégoire Mallard is professor of anthropology and sociology and director of research at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. His ERC grant (2017–22), titled “Bombs, Banks and Sanctions,” extends his prior work on transnational lawmaking and forms of economic exchange.Jin Sun is a Ph.D. candidate in anthropology and sociology at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, where he is a researcher in the Global Governance Centre. He passed the bar exam in Beijing, China, and directed studies at the Hague Academy of International Law. His research focuses on sanctions, global governance, and law and globalization.Emily Rauscher is associate professor of sociology at Brown University and a faculty affiliate of the Population Studies and Training Center and the Annenberg Institute for School Reform. Her work examines social returns to education, including when and how school funding improves equality of opportunity.Yifan Shen is a Ph.D. candidate in sociology at Brown University. He studies family demography, education, and income inequality.Daniel Silver is professor of sociology at the University of Toronto Scarborough. He received his Ph.D. from the Committee on Social Thought at the University of ChicagoClayton Childress is associate professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Toronto. He is the author of Under the Cover: The Creation, Production, and Reception of a Novel (Princeton University Press, 2017), which won the 2018 Mary Douglas Prize for best book in the sociology of culture.Monica Lee is a Computational Social Science Director at Meta, where she leads the Political & Organizational Science team. She earned her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Chicago and has published works on quantitative methods for measuring culture, text mining, musical taste, graph mining, big data, and ethics.Adam Slez is assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Virginia. His recent book, The Making of the Populist Movement: State, Market, and Party on the Western Frontier (Oxford University Press, 2020), examines the origins of electoral populism in the United States during the late 19th century.Fabio Dias has an engineering degree and master’s from the University of Campinas, Brazil, with a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Université Paris-Est. After several postdoctoral fellowships in data analysis and visualization, including at the University of São Paulo, New York University, and the University of Toronto, he is now a cloud architect for StateStreet. Previous articleNext article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 128, Number 1July 2022 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/720956 Views: 518Total views on this site © 2022 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Previous articleNext article FreeContributorsPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreMark Anthony Hoffman is assistant professor of sociology at Stanford University. His research uses computational methods to understand how language, identity, and social structure have changed in England and the United States over the past 300 years. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 2019.Sanaz Mobasseri is assistant professor of management and organizations and (by courtesy) sociology at Boston University. Her research investigates race and gender inequalities in organizations using field experimental and computational methods. She earned her Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley’s Haas School of Business.Mary C. Brinton is the Reischauer Institute Professor of Sociology and the director of the Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies at Harvard University. Her current research focuses on the determinants of historically low birth rates in the postindustrial world, with particular attention to the role played by gender inequality.Eunsil Oh is assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She holds a Ph.D. in sociology from Harvard University and her research focuses on gender, work, and family. Using comparative lens, her current projects explore how labor markets, welfare systems, and gender norms shape individual- and couple-level understandings of work and family.Christine Leibbrand is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of Washington. Her research focuses on internal migration within the United States, segregation, neighborhood attainment, and racial/ethnic stratification. She has published several journal articles, including “The Legacy of the PSID in Understanding Patterns of Migration and Residential Mobility” (with Kyle Crowder).Catherine Massey is a senior economist at Welch Consulting’s Bryan Texas office. Prior to joining Welch Consulting, she was assistant research scientist in the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. While at the University of Michigan, she conducted research on record linkage and data quality, as well as research on intergenerational contributors to inequality and outcomes of the Great Migration.J. Trent Alexander is the associate director of the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and a research professor in the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. His research focuses on historical demography, record linkage, and large-scale data infrastructure.Stewart Tolnay is S. Frank Miyamoto Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Washington. His research has focused on the history of racial violence in the American South and the Great Migration of southerners to the North and West. He is the author of The Bottom Rung: African American Family Life on Southern Farms (University of Illinois Press, 1999) and a coauthor with E. M. Beck of A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882 to 1930 (University of Illinois Press, 1995).Argun Saatcioglu is associate professor of education (ELPS) and (by courtesy) sociology at the University of Kansas. He studies racial/ethnic and class inequalities in K–12 education, school responses to equity initiatives, and the broader politics of educational policy and governance.Thomas M. Skrtic is the Williamson Family Distinguished Professor of Special Education at the University of Kansas. His research interests include disability, race, and class inequalities in school and society, education and special education policy and politics, and critical policy inquiry. Previous articleNext article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 125, Number 1July 2019 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/704720 © 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

About the Contributors

Previous articleNext article FreeContributorsPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreMiloš Broćić is a Ph.D. candidate from the Department of Sociology at the University of Toronto. His work lies at the intersection of political sociology, culture, and sociological theory. His primary research interests include exploring the social bases of moral conflict and assessing intellectual movements in sociology.Jonah Stuart Brundage is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Michigan. His research interests include historical and comparative sociology, political sociology, economic sociology, and social theory. He is currently writing a book on the role of diplomats and treaty-making in the rise of the British Empire.Kristopher Velasco is assistant professor of sociology at Princeton University. He uses the case of LGBT+ rights to illuminate changes within international organizations, transnational processes, and world culture. Kristopher received his B.A. from the University of Kansas and M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin.Carly R. Knight is assistant professor of sociology at New York University. She is an economic sociologist with interest in organizations, law, culture, and markets. Her research examines the history of American corporate capitalism and the cultural processes through which economic actors are constructed.Adam Goldstein is assistant professor jointly appointed in the Department of Sociology and the School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. His primary research focuses on the social consequences of financial capitalism in the United States. He holds a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of California, Berkeley.Geoffrey T. Wodtke is associate professor of sociology at the University of Chicago and associate director of the Stone Center for Research on Wealth Inequality and Mobility at the Harris School of Public Policy.Ugur Yildirim is a data scientist at Slingshot Finance. He earned his Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, in 2020.David J. Harding is professor of sociology at University of California, Berkeley, and the faculty director of the Berkeley D-Lab.Emma Zang, Ph.D., is assistant professor of sociology, biostatistics, and global affairs at Yale University. Her research interests lie at the intersection of health and aging, family demography, and inequality. She is also interested in developing and evaluating statistical methods to model trajectories and life transitions. She has published articles in the top sociology, demography, family, methodology, and health journals.Poh Lin Tan is an assistant professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. Her research focuses on women’s fertility, health and work-life balance in the contexts of extremely low fertility rates in Singapore and Asia, with publications across sociology, demography, economics and social policy journals. She serves as the secretary of the Population Association of Singapore.Philip J. Cook is professor emeritus of public policy and economics at Duke University. His research interests include education, criminal behavior, income inequality, and other topics. Previous articleNext article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 128, Number 5March 2023 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/725539 © 2023 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Timothy Patrick Moran is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. His inequality class is taught as an upper-level elective and usually enrolls between 40-60 undergraduates of various social science majors. In addition to his interests in undergraduate education, his current research focuses on historical patterns of inequality between and within nations. Among his publications, he co-authored World Economic Trends in the Distribution of Income, 1965-1992 appearing in the American Journal of Sociology (vol. 102, 1997). This is an excerpt from an article by the same title in Teaching Sociology, April 1999, Vol. 27:110-125.

In winter of 2004, the Sociology Depart ment at California State University Bakersfield (CSUB) conducted a student assessment using an embedded assessment technique?a technique wherein a class as signment serves as an assessment tool. (Allen 2004; Senter 2001). As Allen states, What differentiates embedded assessment from other class activities is that they are designed to collect information on specific program learning objectives (p. 87). We designed our assessment to measure stu dents' knowledge of theory. More specifi cally, we measured three program objec tives associated with one program goal (see Table 1). We conducted the embedded assessment for our Five-Year Program Review. Thus, similar to many departments, our decision to measure learning outcomes was moti vated by an external force (Howery 2001; Weiss 2002; Weiss et al. 2002), namely the university administration. Scholars note that academic departments are coming under increasing pressure to assess learning outcomes (Cameron et. al. 2002; Howery 2001; Wagenaar 2002; Weiss 2002; Weiss et al. 2002). Faculty often resist this pressure because they feel overburdened by the additional work load and they fear that assessment may result in a loss of autonomy (Cappell and Kamens 2002). For these reasons, members of the sociology faculty at our university were reluctant to participate in the assessment process. In the first part of this paper we describe our assessment instrument and report as sessment outcomes. Next we report on a five-point agenda for change generated by faculty in response to the assessment outcome. Finally we present an in-depth discussion of faculty reaction to the assess ment process.

The increasing proportion of women in the medical profession has been followed keenly both by conservative and feminist observers during the past three decades. Statistics both in Europe and in the United States tend to confirm that women work mainly in niches of the health care system or medical specialties characterized by relatively low earnings or prestige. The segregation of medical work has become increasingly recognized as a sign of inequality between female and male members of the medical profession. Medicine as a social organization is not a universal structure: Health care systems vary in the extent to which physicians work in the private or public sector and in the extent to which they have as a corporate body been able to influence their numbers and the character of their work. The aim of this book is not only to review and to provide an account of women's position in medicine but also to provide an analytical framework. The text revolves around three key issues that illuminate this argument: numbers, medical practice, and feminist agendas of women physicians. The issues are addressed in all the chapters but highlighted as central analytical themes in a cross-cultural context. Challenging previous studies of the medical profession, which have assumed for the most part a gender-neutral stance, Riska's text provides a unique focus. Medical Careers and Feminist Agendas presents a comprehensive, cross-national analysis of the current status of women in three societies where the economics of medical practice vary considerably: a market society, a welfare state, and a formerly communist society in transition. Aimed at a wide audience, this book will be useful for years to come in medical sociology, the sociology of professions, and women's studies. Its historical breadth, current data, and trenchant probing will furnish practitioners and policy-makers alike with a needed analytical tool. Elianne Riska is Academy Professor of the Academy of Finland, and von Willebrand-Fahlbeck Professor of Sociology at bo Academi University, Finland. She was formerly assistant and then associate professor of sociology in the Department of Sociology and College of Human Medicine at Michigan State University. Her earlier published work includes Gender, Work, and Medicine and Gendered Moods.

The collection of biomarker-based indicators of adult health is an important addition to socioeconomic surveys since they can provide valuable insights into the biological functions, and the complex causal pathways between socioeconomic environments and health outcomes. We document the collection of blood-plasma based biomarkers as a pilot project within the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH). Using the LabAnywhere system as a minimally-invasive approach previously not used in less-developed countries, we collected biomarkers of lipids, metabolic processes, organ function, and the immune system. Overall, only small proportions of the collected samples are above the upper limits of the normal clinical ranges as defined by western standards. The correlational patterns between the biomarkers are consistent with observations from developed countries and the comparison with other low-income populations shows remarkably similar age-specific patterns of the biomarkers despite differences in the mode of blood sampling. The present study confirms that the collection of biomarker-based indicators of adult health using the LabAnywhere system is feasible in rural sub-Saharan contexts and this approach provides an attractive alternative to the collection of dried blood spots (DBS) and venous blood samples. Iliana V. KOHLER, Researcher and Associate Director, Population Aging Research Center, and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail: iliana@pop.upenn.edu . Philip ANGLEWCZ, Assistant Professor, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine and Department of Global Health System and Development, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112-2737, USA. E-mail: panglewi@tulane.edu . Hans-Peter KOHLER, Frederick J.\ Warren Professor of Demography and Professor in Sociology, Department of Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299, USA;. E-mail: hpkohler@pop.upenn.edu . John F. McCABE, Programmer/Data Analyst, Population Aging Research Center (PARC), University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail: mccabef@pop.upenn.edu . Ben CHILIMA, Director, Community Health Sciences Unit, Ministry of Health and Population Community Health Sciences Unit, Private Bag 65, Lilonge, Malawi. E-mail: bchilima2@yahoo.com . Beth J. SOLDO, Distinguished Senior Scholar in Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail: bsoldo@pop.upen.edu

CÉCILE ACCILIEN is the chair of the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies and a professor of African and African Diaspora studies at Kennesaw State University, Georgia.LISETTE ACOSTA CORNIEL is an assistant professor of Latin American studies in the Department of Race and Ethnic Studies at the Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY.GISELLE LIZA ANATOL is a professor of English at the University of Kansas, Lawrence and the outgoing president of the international Association of Caribbean Women Writers and Scholars.ELIZABETH ARANDA is a professor of sociology and associate dean in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of South Florida. A native of Puerto Rico, she has dedicated herself to documenting the lived experience of migration and to share (im)migrants’ stories through her research and teaching. Her research addresses migrants’ emotional well-being and their adapting to challenges posed by racial and ethnic inequalities and legal status. Email: earanda@usf.eduREBECA BLACKWELL is a sociology PhD candidate at the University of South Florida. Her research focuses on the areas of social psychology and social communication. She studies emotions in society, cultural understandings of health, disability, and migration. Some of her previous work includes social issues in Venezuela, her native country, and Peru, her adoptive home for five years. She comes from a background in translation work and linguistic research back in Venezuela. Email: rblackwell@usf.eduSARAH A. CLUNIS is originally from Kingston, Jamaica, and received her PhD in art history in 2006 and a master's in art history in 2000 from the University of Iowa. She is the curator of the African Collections and director of academic partnerships at the Peabody Museum at Harvard University, having previously worked as the director of the Xavier University Art Gallery, supervisor of the art collection team, and assistant professor of art history at Xavier University in Louisiana. She specializes in the arts of Africa and the African Diaspora from traditional to contemporary. Clunis has also published in national and international magazines and journals. Her work examines gender, race, and migration in multiple contexts. She is currently the project curator for the Helis Foundation John Scott Center at the Louisiana Endowment of the Humanities, developing a permanent exhibition titled Dancing at the Crossroads, an organic development of her professional and scholarly trajectory. Clunis continues to work on multiple projects on the visual culture of Afrofuturism and diversity and inclusion in the arts.SABINE LAMOUR is an international sociologist trained in France and Haiti. Currently, she is completing a research project that explores the role of the evangelical in the political context. Since 2005, she has been working with Haitian women's organizations as a feminist activist and an independent consultant at both urban and rural levels. Since 2017, she has been the national coordinator of Solidarite Fanm Ayisyèn (SOFA)and has taught courses at l'Université d’État d'Haïti (UEH) since 2012. She is interested in topics such as gender, sexualities, slavery, family dynamics in the Caribbean, and Haiti's political system. In 2018, Lamour copublished Déjouer le Silence: Contre-discours sur les Femmes Haïtiennes and has published articles in Chemins critiques; Women, Gender, and Families of Color; and Revue internationale des études du développement.LAURA LOPEZ MARTINEZ received a bachelor of arts degree from the Universidad de los Andes, in Bogota, Colombia. She also holds a master's in history and literature from the Columbia University. Currently, she is finishing her second year as a PhD student in modern languages at Swansea University, Wales. Her thesis is a comparative study of the works of two Caribbean writers: Edwidge Danticat and Hazel Robinson, through the lens of ecocriticism and postcolonial studies. Lopez Martinez's research explores issues such as language and identity, gender, and the relationship between human beings and nature.ALEXANDRIA MILLER is a PhD student in the Department of Africana Studies at Brown University. Her research interests include Africana feminisms, Caribbean studies, Black women's intellectual history, and cultural studies.ALESSANDRA ROSA is a postdoctoral scholar in the Department of Sociology at University of South Florida. As a Puerto Rican, she has dedicated her teaching, research, and service to fostering diversity, equity, and justice. Her research centers on social movements, internet activism, education, Puerto Rican studies, postdisaster migration studies, emotional well-being, and discourse analysis. Email: amrosa1@usf.edu.

Therborn, Prof. Göran, (born 23 Sept. 1941), Professor of Sociology, 2006–08, now Emeritus, and Director of Research, Department of Sociology, 2008–10, University of Cambridge; Affiliated Professor of Sociology, Linnaeus University, Sweden, since 2011

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsTheodore N. FerdinandTheodore N. Ferdinand is an associate professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Northeastern University.

About the Contributors

Relying on a range of demographic and survey data and a mixture of personal anecdotes, Jack Levin, the Irving and Betty Brudnick Professor in the Sociology Department at Northeastern University, has written a book that looks at the intersection of age, birth cohort, and history. The book’s strength lies in its effort to examine anomie (or normlessness) in America (cf. Emile Durkheim’s classic work on French society) and to explore the causes and consequences of upward shifts in the degree of anomie in various social domains— shifts that can be traced to the turbulent times of the 1960s and 1970s and that have continued, if not accelerated, in recent years. More specifically and in the author’s own words, Blurring the Boundaries “is about the norms of everyday life and how they have changed over the decades, not only in their substance but also in their declining rigidity” (p. 2). Although much of the book is devoted to “explaining changes in age-related norms” (hence the book’s subtitle), a larger message is intended as well. For, as Levin writes, “[i]t is not just age norms that have changed or become blurred; informal norms generally have diminished in their influence” (p. 2). As evidence for the changes, Levin points to a number of trends: a blurring of age boundaries (with “informal age norms for education, work, and family transitions” [p. 53] loosening and becoming more flexible, and “stage theories” of aging and the life course tending to “break down” [p. 66]), an erosion of childhood (“[n]ot only have the boundaries separating middle age from the elderly and adolescence from young adulthood blurred, but so too have the boundaries between teenagers and children” [p. 80]), and a relaxation of rules governing gender and sexual scripts (“either gender, as children, [can] play with trucks and dolls, join a hockey or basketball team, or engage in wrestling or boxing” [p. 28] and the “double standard by gender at work and in the bedroom . . . [has] slipp[ed] away in favor of a more egalitarian way of thinking” [p. 28]). To these, Levin adds: a rise in the popularity of open-classroom philosophies (with instruction becoming “more informally structured and flexible” [p. 14] and with grades becoming “less attached to academic performance” and subject to “inflation” [p. 13]); more incidents of cheating not just in schools but also in politics, sports, business, and entertainment (cheating and lying “have apparently infected almost every segment of our society” [p. 18]); a lessening of rules prohibiting cursing, swearing, and obscenity (profanity norms have become “increasingly vague” [p. 7]); and the flourishing practice of free-style dancing (which involves “little if any coordination with a partner” [p. 12]). There is much to admire about the book. I liked the fact that Levin introduced early theoretical notions about anomie (e.g., his reference to Durkheim’s [1893] assertion that “during periods of rapid social change, disruption, or dislocation, social norms tend to lose their ability to control the everyday activities of society’s members” [p. 9]) and that he sought to demonstrate the applicability of these notions to understanding certain segments of society today. I appreciated, too, the historical perspective, with trend lines in various graphs depicting transformations long in the making. Readers who have an abiding interest in the social revolutions of the 1960s and 1970s (which I, along with many others, have) will be captivated

Previous article FreeNotes on ContributorsPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreJudit Bodnár is associate professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. She teaches classes on urban theory and history, the structure and infrastructure of global modernity, and comparative thinking. Author of Fin de Millénaire Budapest (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000) and coeditor of Critical Urban Studies Reader (Budapest: L’Harmattan), she has most recently edited a Critical Discussion Forum on 1968 and written about Eastern Europe and 1968 as a “global moment” (“Making a Long Story Longer: Eastern Europe and 1968 as a Global Moment, Fifty Years Later,” Slavic Review 77, no. 4 [2018]: 875–80).Martin Giraudeau is assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at Sciences Po, in Paris, and a researcher in the Centre de Sociologie des Organisations at CNRS. He has published articles on the history of business plans, the invention of entrepreneurship, and the roles of accounting in organizations and society. He recently coedited, with Frédéric Graber, a volume on the modern history of projects: Les Projets: Une histoire politique (16e–21e siècles) (Paris: Presses des Mines, 2018).Michael McCarthy is an assistant professor of sociology at Marquette University. There he writes and teaches on the state, capitalism, and social theory. His recent book is Dismantling Solidarity: Capitalist Politics and American Pensions since the New Deal, published with Cornell University Press in 2017. The project he is currently undertaking explores the politics of public finance.Ricardo Noronha is a researcher at the Instituto de História Contemporânea (NOVA FCSH), where he completed a doctorate on the nationalization of the bank system during the Carnation Revolution. He is coeditor of Greves e conflitos sociais em Portugal no Século XX (Lisbon: Colibri, 2012) and author of A banca ao serviço do povo. Política e Economia durante o PREC (Lisbon: Imprensa de História Contemporânea, 2018). His research topics include political economy, social conflicts, and critical theory.Toulouse Antonin Roy is a PhD candidate in the history department at the University of California, Los Angeles. His dissertation examines the history of the Taiwan camphor industry and its impact on the dispossession of the island’s Indigenous peoples during the Japanese period. He holds a master’s degree in history and East Asian studies from McGill University. Previous article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Critical Historical Studies Volume 6, Number 1Spring 2019 Sponsored by the Chicago Center for Contemporary Theory (3CT) Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/702608 © 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Rosenbaum, J. E., Deil-Amen, R., & Person, A. E. (2006). After Admission: From College Access to College Success. New York: RussellDOI: 10.1177/0091552108327071After Admission: From College Access to College Success examines student and college success from an organizational structure perspective and argues that problems students experience during their academic journey can be minimized by using intentionally supportive procedures and processes. To demonstrate how private occupational colleges minimize barriers that students experience, authors Rosenbaum, Deil-Amen, and Person compare and contrast public, accredited 2-year community colleges from a large metropolitan area with private occupational colleges that offer accredited associate's degrees in the same occupational fields. The authors compare the practices of these institutions with regard to support structures and services they provide to aid in student success. This book is written from the perspectives of three educators: a professor of sociology, education, and social policy (Rosenbaum); an assistant professor of education (Deil-Amen); and a doctoral candidate in human development and social policy (Person). More than 190 authors and works are referenced in this book, making it a rich compilation of both quantitative and qualitative research results.Recognizing that the United States has moved toward universal access for college, as exemplified by the open-access policy of community colleges, the authors identify methods to help community colleges reshape practices and processes in a contextrelevant manner. Because these students at these institutions tend to be the first in their families to attend college, their lack of knowledge about college culture as well as their need to develop soft skills can have negative implications for their success. These challenges, combined with socioeconomic strain, demands outside of college, and the need for realistic graduation timelines, all play a role in student success or failure. The authors argue that student characteristics have changed dramatically yet institutional processes have not. Specifically, Rosenbaum, Deil-Amen, and Person challenge community colleges to abandon the concept of individual student deficiencies as a prime reason for student failure and to consider institutional, structural, and procedural changes as a potential avenue to reverse the dismal success rate of community college students.The authors dispute the notion that community colleges engage in a cooling-out process while also demonstrating how warming up does not necessarily serve students well in the absence of appropriate support structures. They question the nonstigmatizing approach mat is often used in today's community colleges with regard to remediation, suggesting that ineffective information leads to confusion for students who are not aware that they may not earn degree credit in remedial courses. According to personal testimonies, students sometimes unknowingly enrolled in noncredit remedial courses only to learn after a semester or more that the courses in which they were enrolled did not fulfill graduation requirements. For students with limited financial resources, this constitutes a devastating misunderstanding.A variety of additional topics are explored in the volume, including problems community college students face regarding the amount and delivery of needed information, students' lack of social and cultural capital, community colleges' limited and ineffective use of advisory boards to support programs and student connections, minimal career services, and a lack of adequate institutional commitment for job placement services. Comparisons between the two types of institutions are made, indicating that private occupational colleges structure their student support services in a way that minimizes these challenges for their students. Although private occupational colleges work from a charter-building perspective, which helps them build beneficial connections for their students, community colleges rely on the traditional, credential concept with little regard to the market value of degrees and the additional needs of their graduates. …