Finding available parking spaces made easy

Finding available parking spaces made easy

In a coordinated mobility-on-demand system, a fleet of vehicles is controlled by a central unit and serves transportation requests in an on-demand fashion. An emerging field of research aims at finding the best way to operate these systems given certain targets, e.g., customer service level or the minimization of fleet distance. In this work, we introduce a new element of fleet operation: the assignment of idle vehicles to a limited set of parking spots. We present two different parking operating policies governing this process and then evaluate them individually and together on different parking space distributions. We show that even for a highly restricted number of available parking spaces, the system can perform quite well, even though the total fleet distance is increased by 20% and waiting time by 10%. With only one parking space available per vehicle, the waiting times can be reduced by 30% with 20% increase in total fleet distance. Our findings suggest that increasing the parking capacity beyond one parking space per vehicle does not bring additional benefits. Finally, we also highlight possible directions for future research such as to find the best distribution of parking spaces for a given mobility-on-demand system and city.

With the continuous acceleration of China’s modernization process, the number of private cars has increased sharply, and the traffic flow of various parking lots is increasing. The parking management of motor vehicles has become a problem of great concern to the society. In view of the shortage of parking spaces, the long time of manual fee collection, low efficiency and the inability to quickly find the reserved parking spaces in urban parking lots in China. At the same time, in large shopping malls, there is a common phenomenon that the parking range is single or the parking space is difficult to find, which makes the vehicles stay in the parking lot in a short time and cause congestion. For parking lot managers, it is difficult to timely regulate the parking lot through the existing traffic flow information of the parking lot, and it is impossible to determine the number of vacant parking spaces in the parking lot in real time. At the same time, The existing management system has problems such as low efficiency, poor scalability and less service content, which is difficult to solve in the face of emerging problems. Therefore, based on the above problems, this project designs an urban intelligent parking cloud platform based on wechat applet, which can distinguish users and administrators, select spare parking spaces, route navigation and time payment of parking fees for parking users, and the parking lot managers can understand the spare parking spaces and vehicle payment of the parking lot they manage, At the same time, it can detect the traffic flow through the traffic flow in a period of time and give early warning to prevent the accumulation of vehicles in the parking lot. Users and administrators can obtain more convenient and real-time information only through mobile phones, which solves the difficult problem of parking management in intelligent parking lot.

Finding the vacant space for parking a vehicle during peak hours is becoming a difficult task at ones end. Parking process whether in shopping malls, restaurants, or offices etc. is a long process and also leads to waste of gasoline. Smart car parking helps in finding the parking slot through Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET’s). For vehicle communication, some devices such as roadside units and on-board units are present that provides parking slot information. In the proposed work, we have introduced an online reservation facility for parking slot. People can reserve their parking space in advance before reaching to their venues in advance. This will help in reducing the waiting time for the parking allocation to the particular vehicle. This will also help to enhance the parking capabilities and will increase the efficiency when compared to other parking strategies. Our proposed approach can minimize the cost of parking on per person basis, exhaust of vehicle, and indirectly it will impact on save of wastage of gasoline and will keep the environment green.

The parking space is one of the crucial problems in the urban city. Most buildings have parking facilities for residents and visitors. The common parking patterns are parallel parking, perpendicular parking and angular parking. Parallel parking is a common design for street side parking whereas perpendicular parking and angular parking are a common design for garages. Angular parking is easy to park than other types. A typical parking space for a personal car is 3 meters in width and 6 meters in length. The parking space have limitation but the number of car increasing along with the economic growth [7]. So the parking space should accommodate the maximum number of car. Normally, the parking space configuration is designed by architects or construction engineers because it's required technical knowledge to calculate a number of car and parking pattern. In parking area, there must be an alleyway for cars to enter and exits. This study is to design and implement a calculation model for number of car and parking pattern in the specified parking area. In the calculation, the dimension and the specific condition of parking area is require. The model calculate the maximum number of car and also calculate the parking pattern for the parking area. This model is use to support non-technical user during the parking area design and can be as engine to develop mobile application for general user in the future.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have the potential to reduce car accidents by facilitating connectivity and warning message exchange between vehicles, both on roads and in parking lots. This research endeavored to accomplish three primary goals: conducting a field measurement in the parking lot of a large shopping mall in Auckland, developing an OPNET-based simulation model to analyze and validate the system performance, and analyzing the compatibility between five selected radio propagation models (Free-space, Shadowing Path-loss, Egli, Hata, and COST231). These models were selected based on their popularity and relevance to our study. We found that the “Free Space” model outperforms in the scenario in which measurements were conducted from the Level-1 car park to the Roadside. The received signal strengths in the parking lot ranged from −45 dBm to −92 dBm. This research also examines the coverage distance for the successful transmission of warning messages, achieving up to 57 m, 17.5 m, 9.4 m, and 68 m at parking levels 1, 2, 3, and the roadside, respectively. Research findings reveal that a low-cost Wi-Fi-based VANET system can be utilized to prevent car accidents in parking lots. Finally, we provide guidelines for network planners to deploy Wi-Fi-based VANET systems in parking lots.

Finding an empty parking space in a crowded area is very stressful due to congestion. The absence of empty space leads to fatigue before the main activity, increased fuel consumption, which leads to increased pollution, and increased traffic due to the search for empty space. Therefore, it was necessary to have a system that would help drivers know the condition of each parking space. Empty or occupied with a vehicle. Where empty and occupied spaces are calculated and determined. The system displays on the screen at a convenient location in the parking lot a map to guide the driver to vacant positions and a warning if all positions are occupied. All this is done through images taken from the surveillance cameras in the parking lot. We find that the advantages of using vision-based systems over other existing systems are threefold. First There is no need to update the infrastructure of the parking lot, provided that the place is equipped with CCTV cameras that monitor the parking spaces covering the entire place. Secondly, camera-based systems give the exact location i.e. a detailed map of the vacant car parks which are good and necessary vacant lots. Third, camera-based methods are highly applicable in street parking spaces and residential areas.

In large parking area attached to shopping malls and so on, it is difficult to find a vacant parking space. In addition, searching for parking space during long time leads to drivers stress and wasteful energy loss. In order to solve these problems, the navigation system in parking area by using ZigBee networks is proposed in this paper. The ZigBee is expected to realize low power consumption wireless system with low cost. Moreover, the ZigBee can form ad-hoc network easily and more than 65000 nodes can connect at the same time. Therefore, it is suitable for usage in the large parking area. In proposed system, the shortest route to the vacant parking space is transmitted to the own vehicle by the ZigBee ad-hoc network. Thus, the efficient guide is provided to the drivers. To show the effectiveness of the proposed parking system, the average time for arrival in the parking area is evaluated, and the performance of the vehicles that equips the ZigBee terminals is compared with the ordinary vehicles that do not equip the ZigBee terminals.

Finding a vacant parking space in outdoor parking lots is a daily concern of most vehicle drivers during rush hours, especially in the urban context. In this paper, an outdoor parking space vacancy detection system is proposed, using mobile devices to improve parking space searching experience for vehicle drivers by providing them with the location and occupancy information of parking spaces. The system uses state-of-the-art image recognition algorithm, namely Convolutional Neural Network with a Raspberry Pi to identify vacant parking spaces from a parking lot image retrieved in real time via an IP camera. A university parking lot has been chosen as the test bed to deploy the proposed system for real time parking space vacancy detection. An Android smartphone application called Driver App is developed to enable ubiquitous visualization of real time outdoor parking spaces occupancy information for vehicle drivers. Evaluation outcomes based on the responses to System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire revealed high usability of the Driver App as a tool that provides smart parking service to assist vehicle drivers in searching for a vacant parking space.

Within the guidelines and parameters for achieving an energy-efficient urban space, an important thematic subgroup deals with the issue of land use planning in the context of accessibility, where the topic of availability and presence of parking is emphasized as very important. The essence of the concept is the reduction of the use of ones own vehicles and, in connection with that, as the end result, the reduction of the number of available parking spaces. The creation and maintenance of an energy-efficient urban environment requires the realization of a large number of different activities that are impossible to realize simultaneously. (For now) there is no way to establish a hierarchy of realization between all the required activities (the order in which they are carried out), which can lead to big mistakes and problems. The paper describe the results of applying a methodology based on the idea of sustainable development, which could contribute to the systematization of a large number of activities and thus ensure that the concept/idea of reducing the use of own vehicles without lowering the quality of life of citizens is gradually implemented and becomes a reality.

Parking is defined as an activity to put or store vehicles in a certain place whose duration depends on the completion of the needs of the driver, so a parking space is needed. This research was conducted to plan the index of parking area processing needs in the market B Lawang Tigo Balai, Matur District, Kab. religion. The data or information used is in the form of primary data obtained from field observations and secondary data obtained from Market B Lawang Tigo Balai. So, it is necessary to plan the processing of parking spaces at Pasar B Lawang Tigo Balai which can increase the need for a more optimal parking area and manage a comfortable parking space. From the results of the calculation analysis, it is found that the maximum accumulation of parking in the wali nagari office area occurs on Friday as many as 200 vehicles, the maximum accumulation of parking in the Jami' mosque area occurs on Friday as many as 320 vehicles and the maximum accumulation of parking in the parking area behind the market occurs on Friday as many as 40 vehicles. From the results of the calculation analysis, it is found that the parking duration at the motorbike parking turnover rate in the Wali Nagari Office area is high on Friday at 2.19 SRP. The duration of parking at the motorcycle parking turnover rate at the Jami' Mosque occurred on Friday at 1.08 SRP.The duration of parking at the car park turnover rate behind the market occurred on Friday at 2.53 SRP. From the results of the calculation analysis, it was found that the average motorcycle parking index at the Wali Nagari office was 116.33%, a parking index greater than 100%. shows that the capacity of the parking space at the wali nagari office is no longer able to accommodate the demand for motorcycle parking. The average motorcycle parking index at the Jami' Mosque office is 51.33%, a parking index that is greater than 100% indicates that the parking space capacity at the Jami' Mosque is no longer able to accommodate vehicle parking requests. The average behind-the-market car parking index is 127.43%, a parking index greater than 100% indicates that the parking space capacity behind the market is no longer able to accommodate the demand for motorcycle parking.Keywords: Parking Area Planning, Parking Accumulation, Parking Duration and Parking Index.

The change in approaches to the organization of parking space in the conditions of modern urban development of cities is considered. The domestic and foreign practice of designing parking lots oriented to residential development is analyzed. The trend of changes in the design, construction and organization of parking lots in highly developed cities has been revealed, in the direction of moving away from meeting the needs of all car owners in parking spaces to integrating parking spaces into the residential and transport infrastructure of cities. Modern parking lots are adaptive, integrated, functionally changing urban spaces over time, which allow regulating the number of cars on city streets. In Ukraine, the design of parking lots still gravitates towards the level of car mobility and the radius of accessibility to parking lots. The article examines the types, distribution, types by purpose and placement of parking spaces in the city of Vinnytsia. The problem of parking space organization in the city of Vinnytsia has been determined. The peculiarities of the formation of the existing parking space in the city of Vinnytsia, depending on the formation of the existing development of the city districts, functional purpose and the way of using the territory, were studied. The main typology of the city's parking lots and their condition have been determined. The main trends in the organization of parking space in the city of Vinnytsia are presented and rational directions for its further development are proposed, which allow to reduce the use of personal vehicles when moving around the city and free the city spaces from excessive overloading with cars.

As the ratio of the actual number of parked vehicles to the number of parking spaces, the parking lots saturation degree of new-type service area is not only related to the travel experience of drivers and passengers, but also affects the safety and operation efficiency of new-type service areas. However, the current studies do not directly reflect the operation of vehicles in parking lots at different levels of supply and demand, and are rarely directly applied to the design and construction of new-type service areas. In order to study the effect of parking lot saturation degree on vehicle driving in new-type service areas, and apply the research findings to the planning and construction of new-type service areas, considering the dynamic and real-time characteristics of saturation degree, parking lot models of new-type service areas are established by means of simulation modeling relying on VISSIM traffic simulation platform. Combined with the field research results of newtype service areas, delay time and travel time of vehicles are selected as indicators to reflect the degree of mutual interference between vehicles, and the relationship between saturation degree and mutual interference between vehicles in parking lots is clarified. The results show that the degree of mutual interference between vehicles is gradually significant with the increase of saturation degree, and the more parking spaces share a transfer lane, the more obvious the influence of saturation degree on mutual interference between vehicles. When the saturation degree exceeds 80%, the interference between vehicles becomes serious and some vehicles entering parking lots cannot find parking spaces. It is suggested that the saturation degree should not exceed 80% when determining the scale of new-type service areas. At the same time, in the planning and construction of new-type service areas, it should avoid sharing one transfer lane with too many parking spaces, so as to reduce mutual interference between vehicles.

This article is devoted to the study of the most urgent problem of large megacities such as acute shortage of free areas and an acute shortage of parking spaces. Modern methods of solving this problem are considered, foreign experience is learned and practical examples of mechanized multi-level parking in different countries. Currently, most of the residential property, as well as hotels and business centers are being built with standard parking spaces. During the operation of such parking lots, the developer understands that the number of parking spaces provided is significantly less than the number of cars that want to leave their car in the parking lot. The shortage of free parking spaces and parking spaces for parking lots significantly increases the importance of building and arranging multi-level parking lots. The system of high-altitude automatic parking lots offers a serious alternative to the generally accepted ideas about parking of vehicles.

The development of private vehicle ownership is very rapid, but it is not balanced by adequate supporting infrastructure such as roads and parking lots. Especially for parking lots, parking horizontally will be difficult to develop because of the limited land availability. The addition of parking lots can be done vertically by building a multi-storey parking building. So far, the existence of multi-storey parking buildings has not provided an information system on the availability of parking spaces. The form of multi-storey parking lots often makes the driver have to go around few times to find an empty space. This situations wasting of energy and time. This study aims to design an information system as application models in human-computer interaction, that will inform someone there is empty or already filled parking space, so that it can save time and make it easier for drivers to find parking spaces to park their cars. This information system prototype design consists of three main parts, called sensors, controllers, and displays. Car parking control system that works with an automatic portal (parking gate) along with a display screen for information on the location of empty parking spaces and those that have been filled. The portal will open if information states the parking lot is still available, and the portal will not open if information states the parking lot is full.