Full Rate Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding in OFDM Transmission Using Time Reversal

In this paper, we analyze optimal (in space and time) adaptive power transmission policies for fading channels when the channel-state information (CSI) at the transmitter (CSIT) and the receiver (CSIR) is available. The transmitter has a long-term (time) average power constraint. There can be multiple antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver. The channel experiences Rayleigh fading. We consider beamforming and space-time coded systems with perfect/imperfect CSIT and CSIR. The performance measure is the bit error rate (BER). We show that in both coded and uncoded systems, our power allocation policy provides exponential diversity order if perfect CSIT is available. We also show that, if the quality of CSIT degrades then the exponential diversity is retained in the low SNR region but we get only polynomial diversity in the high SNR region. Another interesting conclusion is that in case of imperfect CSIT and CSIR, knowledge of CSIT at the receiver is very important. Finally, for the optimal power control policy of the uncoded system we find the error-exponents which provide the rate versus diversity-order tradeoff for this policy. This tradeoff is of an entirely different nature than the well-known Zheng-Tse tradeoff.

We study the transmission techniques in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). We focus on the issue of utilizing the available CSIT by a single forward error control (FEC) code. We first analyze the system performance for the ideal coding case. We then develop a simple but efficient scheme for the practical coding case, which is based on joint FEC coding and linear precoding at the transmitter and iterative linear minimum-mean-square-error (LMMSE) detection at the receiver. Numerical results show that significant performances gains can be achieved by the proposed scheme.

The nonlinearity of high power amplifiers (HPAs) exhibits amplitude and phase distortions, which cause loss of orthogonality among the subcarriers in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, and hence, inter-carrier interference (ICI) is introduced in the transmitted signal. The ICI power is proportional to the amplitude of the signal at the amplifier input and it may cause a considerable bit error rate (BER) degradation. Due to the ICI is a random process and has unknown distribution function, it is difficult to evaluate the theoretical BER when the ICI is taken into account. This paper evaluates the BER analytically using sequence development approach (SDA) for OFDM systems perturbed by the HPA. In comparison to the state-of-the-art technique, the evaluation of the BER using this approach achieves superior approximation at the expense of additional computational complexity.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of digital modulation technique which is used in wireless communication systems. It is an efficient multicarrier modulation technique, in which large bandwidth is divided into parallel narrow bands each of which is modulated by different subcarriers. All the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other and hence it reduces the interference among various subcarriers. But OFDM suffers from high peak to average power ratio(PAPR), high complexity in design. The performance parameter of OFDM can be measured in terms of Bit error rate (BER). Lower the BER value, higher is the efficiency of OFDM system. Various methods are used to enhance the BER performance. Channel coding is the one way of enhancing the BER. This paper discusses the performance of OFDM using linear & cyclic block coding for different digital modulation techniques. Bit error rate (BER) is used to measure the performance of OFDM systems.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the promising contendents in the race of very high data rate delivery, for 4G wireless systems. The conventional OFDM systems, so far deployed make use of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) as their basic building block. Besides the numerous advantages, the restriction over the data rate imposed by the FFT in the form of cyclic prefix may be intolerable for the next generation OFDM systems. So, researches are on the way to replace FFT with a more suitable transform which is redundant free. DWT OFDM is one such system in which FFT in the conventional OFDM is replaced with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Using simulations, already it has been established that in ideal conditions, the performance of DWT OFDM is better than that of FFT OFDM. As phase noise can be considered as the major RF impairment and one of the leading performance limiting factors of the wireless systems, this paper analyses the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the DWT OFDM in presence of phase noise. BER performances of both DWT OFDM and FFT OFDM are analysed and compared in presence of phase noise. For this, Matlab Simulink model have been developed for both types of OFDM, and simulation is carried over in presence of phase noise for different modulation schemes. In all cases the BER performances of DWT OFDM is found to be fairly ahead that of FFT OFDM.

In this paper, an integrated Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is developed to improve Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of communication systems in order to meet the requirements of advanced communication systems like long term evaluation advanced (LTE –A). The proposed OFDM system consists of channel estimation using comb type pilot arrangement and convolution encoder with the best known Coding Bounds and Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) decoder. Using pilot symbols, the channel quality is estimated. The BER performance of OFDM system is improved using pilot carriers, channel estimation schemes and MAP decoder at the best known coding bounds. The system performance is analyzed with recursive systematic and non-systematic convolution codes, ML and MAP decoders. From the results, it is evident that the proposed OFDM system with channel estimation and MAP decoder at the best known coding bounds improves the system performance significantly.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system has been widely used for the high speed digital communication area and it is very promising for the next generation communication standard because of high data rate capability. However, OFDM system has inherent serious problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that makes the OFDM signal be distorted in the nonlinear HPA (high power amplifier). In this paper, CI (carrier interferometry)-OFDM system is considered to overcome this problem and is newly analyzed in the selective fading and narrow-band interference channel. CI-OFDM system distributes each parallel data to all sub-carriers in differently phase-rotated form. So, PAPR becomes lowered and it shows the frequency diversity effects. BER (bit error rate) performance is analyzed in the selective fading and narrow-band interference environment. From the simulation results, it is confirmed that CI-OFDM system calms down the high PAPR problem and CI-OFDM system is more robust than the ordinary OFDM system in the selective fading and narrow-band interference channel.

Frequency offset (FO) introduces severe inter-symbol and inter-carrier interferences which will degrade the performances of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system more adversely. To reduce the effect of CFO, an estimation algorithm has been proposed in this work which uses a turbo coding at the precoding section and Space time block coding techniques (alamouti code) for transmitting data. The turbo codes solve dilemma of structure and randomness through concatenation and interleaving and it will reduce bit error rate (BER) by error detection and error correction process. A fading channel has been modeled for evaluating the performance of the algorithm. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is used for the estimation that does take conditional probability into account. The offset estimation in OFDM is done by best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) principle yet it has disadvantages that it is already sub optimal in nature and it is applicable only for linear observation models. So, ML technique is an alternative estimation criterion that can use as starting point of most of the statistical estimation and for nonlinear observations. The proposed system has improved BER while other methods supports BER of 25-30 dB and the proposed system shows improvement in spectral efficiency as well as the Power spectral density.

In this paper, a novel scheme of the weighted distortion-to-signal ratio (WDSR) based partial transmit sequence (PTS) is proposed to enhance the bit error rate (BER) performance in nonlinear distorted orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, and its key idea is to employ the WDSR metric to predict the nonlinear distortion caused by high power amplifier (HPA). Furthermore, several alternative signals can be generated by the PTS technique, and the signal with the minimum WDSR is selected as the transmitted OFDM signal. Since the WDSR metric predicts the nonlinear distortion of OFDM systems, the BER performance of nonlinear distorted OFDM systems can be significantly improved. Simulation results show that the proposed WDSR-PTS scheme offers better BER performance than the conventional peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) based PTS scheme.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is used for the reducing almost every kind of interference in any communication system. For designing OFDM system need to use FFT and IDFT phenomena of signal processing, in this work mainly concern to improve peak to average power ratio for this system because this system is multicarrier system, and in the multiple carriers are nearly having same frequency but still they do not overlap to each other because these multiple carriers are orthogonal to each other. These multiple carriers have different power and energy levels so we get very unfair PAPR for this system here channel codes can be use to improve PAPR for that system, so in this work we will focus on the Comparing PAPR of OFDM system for different Channel codes.

This paper proposes a linear transmitter design that aims at minimizing the packet error rate (PER) using partial channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). The design is based on the maximization of the channel cut-off rate, which provides an upper bound on the codeword error probability over the ensemble of random codes. The advantage of this optimization criterion is that it allows to get a low PER while keeping the design independent of the specific channel code used in the system. The algorithm is derived for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, and adopts a Bayesian approach to design an algorithm robust to CSI errors. The proposed algorithm converges to the open-loop transmission scheme for the case of no channel knowledge and it converges to the closed-loop design with perfect CSI for the case of no uncertainty. Simulation results evidence the performance gain in terms of PER and throughput of the proposed algorithm when compared to more commonly used optimization criteria.

왈시-하다마다 변환(Walsh-Hadamard Transform, WHT)을 적용한 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 변조방법은 시스템의 PAPR(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio)을 줄여주고, 시스템의 BER(Bit Error Rate) 성능을 향상시키는 장점이 있다. 그러나 기존의 이러한 왈시-하다마다 변환에 기반한 OFDM 시스템은 여전히 비교적으로 높은 PAPR문제가 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 DGT(Data Grouping Technique)이라고 부르는 기술을 제안하고, 이 기술과 왈시-하다마다 변환 기술을 적용하여 PAPR을 더욱 줄여주는 OFDM 시스템을 설계한다. 제안한 DGT기술은 WHT-OFDM뿐만 아니라 일반 OFDM에서 PAPR을 줄여주는 방법들 중에서 큰 단점이 되는 부가정보(side information)가 성능에 대해 독립성을 가진다는 특징이 있다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 시스템의 유용성을 검사하고 성능을 검증하였다. The conventional OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation can be combined with WHT (Walsh-Hadamard Transform) to reduce PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) and improve BER (Bit Error Rate) performance. However, this WHT-based OFDM system still suffers a relatively high PAPR. Therefore, we suggest a new technique, called DGT (Data Grouping Technique) and design an OFDM system employing it and WHT to further decrease PAPR without the BER performance degradation. h salient property of DGT is the independence of the side information which is inherently a principal drawback of the well-known PAPR reduction techniques for OFDM system as well as WHT-based OFDM. The simulation programs have been also performed to verify the validity of the proposed system.

Based on superposition of signals in the time domain, we propose a new low-complexity scheme for the reduction of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed scheme first generates signal candidates by combining an OFDM signal and its cyclically delayed versions with different delays and phases, and then selects the candidate signal with minimum PAPR. It is shown that the complexity of the proposed scheme is significantly lower than that of the selective mapping (SLM) at the cost of some degradation in the bit error rate (BER) performance and, at similar PAPR and coded BER performance, is lower than that of the low-complexity SLM proposed recently.

In response to the growing demand for low-cost low-power wireless sensor networks and related applications, we develop bit and power loading algorithms that minimize transmit-power for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) under rate and error probability constraints. Our novel algorithms exploit one of three types of channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT): deterministic (per channel realization) for slow fading links, statistical (channel mean) for fast fading links, and quantized (Q-) CSIT whereby a limited number of bits are fed back from the transmitter to the receiver. By adopting average transmit-power as a distortion metric, a channel quantizer is also designed to obtain a suitable form of Q-CSI. Numerical examples corroborate the analytical claims and reveal that significant power savings result even with a few bits of Q-CSIT.

This paper presents the performance analysis of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system using a mixed-scheduling belief propagation (MBP) algorithm for LDPC decoding where a double fading channels is considered. The MBP method is designed based on the LBP algorithm for the left-to-right direction (LBP-LR) and right-to-left direction (LBP-RL). Additionally, the bit error rate (BER) performance comparison of the BP, LBP, and MBP algorithms for LDPC decoding is proposed. The simulation results showed that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the MBP gave better BER than the BP and LBP algorithms, respectively.