Fully Small Dual Stable Modules

A new type of modulation for television transmitters which was proposed recently is investigated. The relations referring to the operation of the network, of the modulator, and of the radio-frequency amplifier tubes are derived as well as the expressions for the sideband attenuation characteristic. It is concluded from the results that the claims made for the new modulation system are exaggerated. The modlator tubes are required to have a very high emission. This fact will limit the application of the new type of modulation to modulator tubes having thoriated-tungsten filaments and consequently to relatively small power, since at present tubes of this type are built for low or medium output power only. The efficiency of the new modulation system is essentially the same as that of grid-bias modulation. Contrary to expectations, the band width is not materially greater than that which is attainable with grid-bias modulation. This is due to the sideband clipping taking place in the quarter-wave line connecting the modulator tubes with the remainder of the network. The modulation characteristic is straighter than is customarily obtainable with grid-bias modulation; this is achieved by working the modulator grids in the positive region only, a mode of operation which requires high driving power and modulator grids capable of dissipating that power. The output capacitance of the modulator tubes is substantially smaller than the output capacitance of a grid-bias-modulated amplifier, but so is also the damping effect contributed by the internal resistance of the modulator.

Functional module identification in biological networks may provide new insights into the complex interactions among biomolecules for a better understanding of cellular functional organization. Most of existing functional module identification methods are based on the optimization of network modularity and cluster networks into groups of nodes within which there are a higher-than-expectation number of edges. However, module identification simply based on this topological criterion may not discover certain kinds of biologically meaningful modules within which nodes are sparsely connected but have similar interaction patterns with the rest of the network. In order to unearth more biologically meaningful functional modules, we propose a novel efficient convex programming algorithm based on the subgradient method with heuristic path generation to solve the problem in a recently proposed framework of blockmodel module identification. We have implemented our algorithm for large-scale protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, including Saccharomyces cerevisia and Homo sapien PPI networks collected from the Database of Interaction Proteins (DIP) and Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD). Our experimental results have shown that our algorithm achieves comparable network clustering performance in comparison to the more time-consuming simulated annealing (SA) optimization. Furthermore, preliminary results for identifying fine-grained functional modules in both biological networks and the comparison with the commonly adopted Markov Clustering (MCL) algorithm have demonstrated the potential of our algorithm to discover new types of modules, within which proteins are sparsely connected but with significantly enriched biological functionalities.

This paper presents a new controller of a microgrid connected converter to reduce harmonic components to ensure high quality of electrical power, although the microgrid connected inverter with an LCL filter has the ability of attenuating the higher order harmonics. The major advantage of the proposed controller is that it can attenuate both the higher and lower order harmonics with a small size line filter which minimize both the physical size and cost of the system. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveform is measured and compared to the preset tolerance level. The controller uses new type of modulation by using feed-forward control instead of feedback control to obtain quick response. Comparison of different output waveforms of converter using different modulation like space vector modulation (SVM), advanced pulse width modulation (PWM) and the proposed modulation are presented. The proposed controller using feed-forward scheme can effectively suppress the distortion arises from the grid voltage harmonics as well as regulate for different load conditions and power generation. MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulation of the entire system.

We will add new types of modules over a ring ℜ called generalized semi-regular modules. Assuming ℜ is a ring with identity and M is a unitary left ℜ-module which is a duality. We show that our new ideas have characterization and a few properties.

The MATRIX platform integrates new types of modules for handling and alignment capability and this represents two new and innovative aspects for multi-beam lithography. Results on performances in terms of robustness of the different modules in real manufacturing conditions, including the interface of the MATRIX platform with the SOKUDO DUO track will be reported. A new type of alignment solution was developed by MAPPER. This paper will show the first results on alignment sensor repeatability. Preliminary results on the overlay performance of the MATRIX platform will be presented and discussion will be engaged to position the MAPPER alignment concept with respect to the ITRS roadmap expectations.

The market for microinverters is growing, especially in Europe. Driven by the strongly rising prices for electricity, many small photovoltaic energy systems are being installed. Since monitoring for these plants is often quite costly, their yields are often not logged. Since 2014, microinverters have been studied at Paderborn University. The investigations are divided into indoor and outdoor tests. In the indoor area conversion efficiencies as a function of load have been measured with high accuracy and ranked according to Euro- and CEC weightings. In the outdoor laboratory, the behavior in the real world is tested: Energy yields have been measured outdoors using identical and calibrated crystalline silicon PV modules. Investigations were carried out with modules of the power of 215 W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> until the year 2020. Because of the increasing module power nowadays, modules with an output of 360 Wp are now being used. To assess the influence of PV module size, two extremes have been investigated: A rather small module with 215 W <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> - as it has been used 10 years ago, and a new module (2021) offering 360 wp. Both types of modules contain 60 solar cells in series connection. Appling the low-power modules, the challenge for the different micro-inverters has been during weak-light conditions, using the high-power modules, some inverters temporarily reach their power limits and yield is reduced. A method using a reference configuration of inverter & module and a linear equation resulting in the actual yield, any module & inverter configuration can be characterized by just the two coefficients.

This work demonstrates the design of a novel multiquantum well optical modulator which functions as a reflection and/or transmission modulator at one wavelength whilst allowing three other wavelengths to be transmitted unmodified. The design technique optimizes the Fabry-Perot cavity and the cavity absorption for excellent modulator performance in both reflection and transmission modes. This technique simultaneously optimizes the cavity length for unmodified transmission wavelengths. The simulation shows that this type of modulator can be designed to give a contrast ratio larger than 10 dB for both modes, and exhibits 48% reflectance change and 63% transmittance change at the dual mode operating wavelength for an applied bias of 15 V. The transmittance of the three transmitted wavelengths is close to 100%.

In this paper, the concept of cancellation modules is introduced, where is a prime ideal of a commutative ring with identity, also the effect of localization on cancellation modules is studied and some properties of this type of modules are given, furthermore some conditions are given which make cancellation modules as a cancellation and conversely. Also, the effect of ascending chain conditions and descending chain conditions on the cancellation modules are studied and different characterizations of this type of cancellation modules are given.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem. Although the currently approved medications can reliably reduce the viral load and prevent the progression of liver diseases, they fail to cure the viral infection. In an effort toward discovery of novel antiviral agents against HBV, a group of benzamide (BA) derivatives that significantly reduced the amount of cytoplasmic HBV DNA were discovered. The initial lead optimization efforts identified two BA derivatives with improved antiviral activity for further mechanistic studies. Interestingly, similar to our previously reported sulfamoylbenzamides (SBAs), the BAs promote the formation of empty capsids through specific interaction with HBV core protein but not other viral and host cellular components. Genetic evidence suggested that both SBAs and BAs inhibited HBV nucleocapsid assembly by binding to the heteroaryldihydropyrimidine (HAP) pocket between core protein dimer-dimer interfaces. However, unlike SBAs, BA compounds uniquely induced the formation of empty capsids that migrated more slowly in native agarose gel electrophoresis from A36V mutant than from the wild-type core protein. Moreover, we showed that the assembly of chimeric capsids from wild-type and drug-resistant core proteins was susceptible to multiple capsid assembly modulators. Hence, HBV core protein is a dominant antiviral target that may suppress the selection of drug-resistant viruses during core protein-targeting antiviral therapy. Our studies thus indicate that BAs are a chemically and mechanistically unique type of HBV capsid assembly modulators and warranted for further development as antiviral agents against HBV.IMPORTANCE HBV core protein plays essential roles in many steps of the viral replication cycle. In addition to packaging viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and DNA polymerase complex into nucleocapsids for reverse transcriptional DNA replication to take place, the core protein dimers, existing in several different quaternary structures in infected hepatocytes, participate in and regulate HBV virion assembly, capsid uncoating, and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) formation. It is anticipated that small molecular core protein assembly modulators may disrupt one or multiple steps of HBV replication, depending on their interaction with the distinct quaternary structures of core protein. The discovery of novel core protein-targeting antivirals, such as benzamide derivatives reported here, and investigation of their antiviral mechanism may lead to the identification of antiviral therapeutics for the cure of chronic hepatitis B.

Synthesis tools for approximate sequential circuits require the ability to quickly, efficiently, and automatically characterize and bound the errors produced by the circuits. Previous approaches to characterize errors in approximate sequential circuits have been based on simulations spanning all cycles of a sequential computation. These approaches, however, are not scalable and only accommodate small circuit modules and short computation times. In this paper, we observe that the statistical properties of errors in many approximate sequential circuits follow patterns that can be easily learned. Therefore, statistical error characteristics of these approximate sequential circuits can be predicted with high accuracy using only a few cycles of characterization data. Based on this novel observation, we propose a methodology for predicting error statistics in approximate sequential circuits that is accurate, fully automated, and has significantly lower overhead than prior approaches. Our methodology is robust to changes in predicted error metrics, circuit input distributions, and types of approximate hardware modules used in approximate circuits. We demonstrate the accuracy and scalability of our approach over a range of sequential circuits. On average, prediction inaccuracy is less than 2% and error characterization time is reduced by 99% compared to a simulation-based approach.

The Cote Bleue marine park, located east of Marseille (Fig. 1) was created in 1983 with the objectives of promotion (increasing public awareness) of the marine system, protection of the natural environment and the preservation of traditional fisheries. An artificial reef programme was initiated in 1983, with the deployment of 225 m3 of experimental artificial reefs, made from bricks and breeze blocks. Since 1985 the programme has continued using industrially made concrete reefs. Two types of small cubic modules (Fig. 2) have been used: 1.7 m3 (390 units) and 2 m3 (90 units). These CARU modules (cubic artificial reef units) have been arranged in piles of 20-120 m3 (Fig. 3). Eight 158 m3 volume modules (LARU; large artificial reef unit, Figs. 2 and 3) were individually placed near the CARU reefs. The whole programme comprised 2332 m3 of artificial reef deployed in three sites of the marine park. Most of these reefs are open to fishing. This programme was financed by several organizations (UE-FEOGA, France, Region Provence-Alpes Cote d’Azur, Departement des Bouches-du-Rhone and towns associated with the marine park management). Investments made between 1985 and 1989 reached around FF 1 700 000 (average reef cost: FF 510 m−3).

In this paper a drive for a symmetrical two phase induction machine using vector modulation is studied. A comparison is made among different types of space vector modulation (discontinuous and continuous) and a new one is proposed. The concepts of vector modulation are reviewed. Experimental results to validate the theoretical statements are shown.

We have developed two types of high-speed electroabsorption modulator integrated DFB lasers operating at 40 gbit/s and higher. A small modulator length of 90 /spl mu/m with a lumped-electrode results in the 40-Gbit/s operation. A traveling-wave electrode electroabsorption modulator integrated DFB laser achieves a bandwidth much higher than 50 GHz.

Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) plays important roles in leukaemia and development, and its expression is temporally and spatially highly restricted during the latter process. Nevertheless, the only physiological agent that to date has been shown to regulate transcription of this gene in mammalian cells is all-trans retinoic acid. Here we describe the identification of a retinoic acid response element that was located in the most distal of several alternative first exons of the human EVI1 gene and was constitutively bound by canonical retinoid receptors in NTERA-2 teratocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, it was the target of negative feedback by EVI1 on the induction of its own promoter by retinoic acid. This process required a previously described transcription repression domain of EVI1. Extending its role as a modulator of the retinoic acid response, EVI1 had the opposite effect on the RARβ retinoic acid response element, whose induction by all-trans retinoic acid it enhanced through a mechanism that involved almost all of its known functional domains. Augmentation of the retinoic acid response by EVI1 was also observed for the endogenous RARβ gene. Thus, we have established EVI1 as a novel type of modulator of the retinoic acid response, which can both enhance and repress induction by this agent in a promoter-specific manner.

During the HL-LHC era an instantaneous luminosity of 5×1034 cm−2s−1 will be reached and possibly 3000 fb−1 integrated luminosity will be delivered. This results in the requirement for a major upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker detector. This contribution briefly reviews the module types and the front end readout electronics foreseen in the preparation program known as phase 2 upgrade. R&D towards the construction of full module prototypes for the Pixel-Strip (PS) module is ongoing. The module combines a macro-pixel sensor and a strip sensor and has pT -discrimination capability at module level. The current experience from module construction with a demonstrator assembly and initial laboratory testing with an alternative module concept for the PS-module is shown. A possible calibration method is introduced.