Analysis of Load-Impedance Modulation

Functional module identification in biological networks may provide new insights into the complex interactions among biomolecules for a better understanding of cellular functional organization. Most of existing functional module identification methods are based on the optimization of network modularity and cluster networks into groups of nodes within which there are a higher-than-expectation number of edges. However, module identification simply based on this topological criterion may not discover certain kinds of biologically meaningful modules within which nodes are sparsely connected but have similar interaction patterns with the rest of the network. In order to unearth more biologically meaningful functional modules, we propose a novel efficient convex programming algorithm based on the subgradient method with heuristic path generation to solve the problem in a recently proposed framework of blockmodel module identification. We have implemented our algorithm for large-scale protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, including Saccharomyces cerevisia and Homo sapien PPI networks collected from the Database of Interaction Proteins (DIP) and Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD). Our experimental results have shown that our algorithm achieves comparable network clustering performance in comparison to the more time-consuming simulated annealing (SA) optimization. Furthermore, preliminary results for identifying fine-grained functional modules in both biological networks and the comparison with the commonly adopted Markov Clustering (MCL) algorithm have demonstrated the potential of our algorithm to discover new types of modules, within which proteins are sparsely connected but with significantly enriched biological functionalities.

This paper presents a new controller of a microgrid connected converter to reduce harmonic components to ensure high quality of electrical power, although the microgrid connected inverter with an LCL filter has the ability of attenuating the higher order harmonics. The major advantage of the proposed controller is that it can attenuate both the higher and lower order harmonics with a small size line filter which minimize both the physical size and cost of the system. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveform is measured and compared to the preset tolerance level. The controller uses new type of modulation by using feed-forward control instead of feedback control to obtain quick response. Comparison of different output waveforms of converter using different modulation like space vector modulation (SVM), advanced pulse width modulation (PWM) and the proposed modulation are presented. The proposed controller using feed-forward scheme can effectively suppress the distortion arises from the grid voltage harmonics as well as regulate for different load conditions and power generation. MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulation of the entire system.

We will add new types of modules over a ring ℜ called generalized semi-regular modules. Assuming ℜ is a ring with identity and M is a unitary left ℜ-module which is a duality. We show that our new ideas have characterization and a few properties.

New types of modules named Fully Small Dual Stable Modules and Principally Small Dual Stable are studied and investigated. Both concepts are generalizations of Fully Dual Stable Modules and Principally Dual Stable Modules respectively. Our new concepts coincide when the module is Small Quasi-Projective, and by considering other kind of conditions. Characterizations and relations of these concepts and the concept of Small Duo Modules are investigated, where every fully small dual stable R-module M is small duo and the same for principally small dual stable.

The MATRIX platform integrates new types of modules for handling and alignment capability and this represents two new and innovative aspects for multi-beam lithography. Results on performances in terms of robustness of the different modules in real manufacturing conditions, including the interface of the MATRIX platform with the SOKUDO DUO track will be reported. A new type of alignment solution was developed by MAPPER. This paper will show the first results on alignment sensor repeatability. Preliminary results on the overlay performance of the MATRIX platform will be presented and discussion will be engaged to position the MAPPER alignment concept with respect to the ITRS roadmap expectations.

The new generation of power plants based on innovative thermodynamic cycles operating with unconventional working fluids, such as CO2 close to its thermodynamic critical point or organic fluids close to their vapour saturation line, is an attractive option for high efficiency conversion of sustainable energy sources in the low and medium power output range. One of the most challenging tasks is to make this technology competitive by realizing highly efficient turbomachinery components. The main difficulty stems from the strongly non-ideal fluid dynamic behaviour of such fluids, which largely deviates from that of fluids commonly employed in standard applications. As a consequence, special design is needed, as available methods for turbomachinery of steam or gas turbine power plants cannot be used. The scarce knowledge on both the numerical modeling of non-ideal fluid flows and on their performance in turbomachinery applications makes research crucial. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool to investigate the physics of non-ideal flows and to assist the design of unconventional machines. This thesis presents original research in the field of non-ideal fluid dynamics on three complementary aspects, namely numerical methods, applications, and theory, aiming at (i) developing new numerical schemes for the accurate and efficient CFD simulation of non-ideal compressible flows; (ii) investigating the performance of turbomachinery operating with unconventional fluids; (iii) studying the hydrodynamic stability of variable property fluid flows. The core of the report consists of five self-contained chapters, each addressing a specific problem, which are grouped into three parts according to their area of contribution. In the first part, novel implicit schemes for the spatial discretization of the Navier--Stokes equations in the framework of the finite-volume method are introduced (Chapter 2). The look-up table approach is extensively analyzed and proposed as an accurate and efficient alternative to the direct solution of the equation of state model for fluid property evaluation. In order to address the proper handling of sub-domains interfaces needed in unsteady turbomachinery simulations, a new flux-conserving treatment of non-conformal mesh blocks interfaces is proposed in Chapter 3. In the second part, the focus shifts to the investigation of non-ideal fluid flows in turbomachines. Chapter 4 reports the CFD computation of the performance map of a 20 mm diameter radial compressor operating with supercritical CO2 designed for a power of 50 kW and a rotational speed of 75 krpm. Results obtained by means of Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) simulations are compared to experimental measurements of isentropic efficiency and specific enthalpy rise, showing a reasonable agreement and providing a validation for the numerical schemes introduced in Chapter 2. Chapter 5 investigates the unsteady operation of a supersonic turbine for organic Rankine cycle applications using unsteady RANS simulations. The evolution of shock waves and viscous wakes and their interaction are described in details and related to the fluctuations of blade loads, which can be of the same order of magnitude of their time-averaged values, demonstrating the primary importance of performing unsteady simulations when studying such non-conventional machines. A third part concludes the thesis presenting an analytical study of the hydrodynamic stability of a thermally-stratified channel flow with temperature dependent properties. The classical linear stability analysis framework is extended to include the effect of variable transport properties. Various distributions of thermal conductivity and specific heat across the channel height are considered in order to assess under which conditions variable properties contribute to the stabilization or destabilization of the flow. The presented results have practical implications in the study of the transition to turbulence of wall bounded flows of unconventional fluids and in devising flow control strategies.

The hazards of large high power lasers are well recognized, and the necessity for controlling these hazards justifiably enjoys wide consensus. However, physically small lasers, or those with relatively low output power (e.g. Class 3B), can also present significant safety issues. The safety aspects of such small or lower power lasers often suffer from neglect because of the tendency to downplay, ignore, or simply fail to recognize the associated hazards. This work will assist safety professionals in identifying and articulating these “hazards to sell” by reviewing the specific issues (e.g. invisible laser radiation, potential for electrical shock, and even thermal/fire damage to materials), as well as providing some specific examples of readily available lasers for which these hazards exist. Finally, this paper addresses controlling those hazards through better recognition of the laser technology involved, and by proper work habits to minimize the chances of accidents and injuries associated with such laser systemsThe hazards of large high power lasers are well recognized, and the necessity for controlling these hazards justifiably enjoys wide consensus. However, physically small lasers, or those with relatively low output power (e.g. Class 3B), can also present significant safety issues. The safety aspects of such small or lower power lasers often suffer from neglect because of the tendency to downplay, ignore, or simply fail to recognize the associated hazards. This work will assist safety professionals in identifying and articulating these “hazards to sell” by reviewing the specific issues (e.g. invisible laser radiation, potential for electrical shock, and even thermal/fire damage to materials), as well as providing some specific examples of readily available lasers for which these hazards exist. Finally, this paper addresses controlling those hazards through better recognition of the laser technology involved, and by proper work habits to minimize the chances of accidents and injuries associated with such lase...

In the field of power conversion for telecommunication equipment, ISDN involves various problems. One of them is to achieve the required efficiency of the DC/DC converter used to supply low power terminals such as digital telephones connected to the "S" bus. SAT has developped such a converter to equip digital telephone terminals designed for RENAN (the French experimental digital network). To fulfil the requirement of high efficiency in a wide range of output power and specially at very low output power, this converter works in two different modes : - free running frequency with fixed pulse-width for low power output corresponding to the stand by state of the terminal - fixed frequency PWM for higher output power corresponding to active states of the terminal. The control circuitry is achieved by simple low cost low power components.

Changes of maximal power output of lower extremity during a decathlon

As the proportion of installed photovoltaic power generation continues to increase, low output under the influence of large-scale weather systems has an increasingly significant influence on the power grid. There is an urgent need to improve photovoltaic power generation forecasting accuracy and reduce the risk of insufficient output in forecast results. To this end, a multi-task neural network model considering low power output risk (LPOMTN) for short-term photovoltaic forecasting is proposed. First, a numerical weather forecast encoder based on multi-scale CNN-Attention is established, which can extract multi-time scale photovoltaic output characteristics. Then a low-output day prediction module based on parallel CNN decoding and a photovoltaic low-output process prediction module based on the clear-sky model and LSTM were established. The latter uses the prediction results of the former as input, and the two modules perform training modeling in a multi-task learning manner to strengthen the model’s sensitivity to low-output states and improve the accuracy of low-output process predictions. The calculation example results show that LPOMTN has higher average forecasting accuracy for power output processes compared to methods such as XGBoost.

This paper presents a PV DC/DC converter which has high efficiency at low output power. The factors that influence the efficiency are analyzed firstly. On the basis of the analysis, a converter base on interleaved multiple-phase buck converter is proposed. By controlling the number of the phases that is active and the angle shift of the PWM carrier between the active phases, the converter can operates near the point with highest efficiency regardless the variation of output power. High efficiency can be obtained at both full output and low output power, which may increase the energy capture from the PV cell. Analysis, design and implementation of the converter are presented in detail. Tested results show an obvious improvement of the efficiency at low output power, which ratifies the validity of proposed topology and control strategy in PV DC/DC converter application.

Stepping exercise can be used as a scalable form of high intensity exercise to enhance important aspects of physical fitness in older populations. The addition of supplementary weights increases the resistive element of stepping, with the potential for training improvements in muscular strength, power, and functional abilities alongside other fitness outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-volume, home-based weighted step exercise programme on muscular strength, power, and functional ability in previously inactive community-dwelling older women. Eleven participants, aged between 65–74 years, independently completed a six-week individualised and progressive step exercise training programme wearing a weighted vest. Knee extensor strength, lower limb power output, and physical function using a battery of functional tests were measured at baseline, following a 6-week control period, and again following the 6-week training programme. Following training, lower limb power output improved by 10–11% (p < 0.05) and was accompanied by a corresponding 9% (p < 0.01) improvement in stair climb time and 10% (p < 0.01) improvement in normalised stair climbing power, highlighting the beneficial effects of weighted stepping for transferable improvements in functional fitness. The magnitude of observed training improvements suggest that weighted step training has the potential to prolong independence and prevent age-related health conditions such as sarcopenia.

MicroGrids are power generation and distribution systems in which users and generators are in close proximity, They usually have limited power generation capacity, and are networked together to meet a small area's load demand. MicroGrid, (MG) car operate interconnected to the main power network or be operated autonomously, if they are isolated from the power grid (islanded mode). The interconnection of large amounts of nontraditional generation causes problems in a network designed for conventional operation. The use of power electronics interfaces offers a potential solution. This paper presents a generalized formulation to determine the optimal operating strategy and cost optimization scheme for an electronically-coupled MicroGrid. The major objective is to minimize the overall operating cost considering both the p ower system and power electronics constraints in the two modes of the MG operation. The paper also presents steady-state, fundamental-frequency models of power electronic converters systems for coupling distributed generation (DG) units to the utility power grid based on Newton-Raplison and the developed models. A feature of the proposed approach is that it solves for the internal variables of each DG unit. A Matlab program is developed to represent the proposed algorithm. The program is tested in various network conditions and verified by applying it to a MG with three DG units from which two units are electronically-coupled to the grid in the two modes of operations.

This paper demonstrates a high-efficiency HBT MMIC power amplifier with a new bias control circuit, which effectively reduces a quiescent current for improved power-added efficiency (PAE). The bias control circuit improved the PAE by a factor of 1.3 for output power of less than 16 dBm and is integrated monolithically with the amplifier, and consumes negligibly small dc power. The PCS power amplifier employing the bias control circuit shows 16(28) dBm of an output power with 7.8(35.2)% of PAE, -46(-45) dBc of adjacent-channel-power ratio (ACPR), and 23.9(28.3) dB of gain, depending on low (high) output power levels under a supply voltage of 3.4 V.

Combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio laser-plasma ignited compressed natural gas engine