GaAs pseudodynamic latched logic for high performance processor cores

In this paper, two-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (2-D DWT) based image compression is presented with the help of developed Enhanced square root carry select adder (ESCSLA). The Enhanced Carry select adder is replacing the RCA and BEC unit to D-latch circuit. It provides better results than compared to the conventional adders. DWT and ESCSLA circuit is designed through Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) System design environment. Low power consumption, less area and high speed are the main concerns in VLSI System design. Hence, our aim is to reduce the hardware complexity of ESCSLA and improve the performance of DWT in terms VLSI concerns. In our work, three levels of decomposition are made for image compression. With the help of pixel values of image and Enhanced square root carry select adder circuit, 2-D DWT image compression technique is implemented through Verilog HDL design. The performance of ESCSLA circuit is better than conventional Binary to Excess1 (BEC) based Square Root Carry Select Adder (SQRT CSLA) in terms of silicon area and power consumption. Hence, the performance of DWT also increased when incorporating EHRCA circuit into addition process of DWT computation.

Very large scale integration (VLSI) presents difficult design and development problems due to the ease with which errors creep into the process. It can require several passes through the design and development cycle to eliminate the errors. A laser tool has been developed that makes connections between two levels of metallization separated by an insulator on a VLSI chip. A programmable logic array (PLA) was developed in conjunction with the laser tool. The PLA is programmed to perform a complex logic function by means of the laser tool. A short movie shows the tool in operation programming a PLA. The PLA contains the equivalent of 600 circuits worth of logic, which can be programmed in a few minutes. It is thus possible to construct a complex system with a relatively few PLA modules in a short time.

An increasing number of research groups are developing custom hybrid analog/digital very large scale integration (VLSI) chips and systems that implement hundreds to thousands of spiking neurons with biophysically realistic dynamics, with the intention of emulating brainlike real-world behavior in hardware and robotic systems rather than simply simulating their performance on general-purpose digital computers. Although the electronic engineering aspects of these emulation systems is proceeding well, progress toward the actual emulation of brainlike tasks is restricted by the lack of suitable high-level configuration methods of the kind that have already been developed over many decades for simulations on general-purpose computers. The key difficulty is that the dynamics of the CMOS electronic analogs are determined by transistor biases that do not map simply to the parameter types and values used in typical abstract mathematical models of neurons and their networks. Here we provide a general method for resolving this difficulty. We describe a parameter mapping technique that permits an automatic configuration of VLSI neural networks so that their electronic emulation conforms to a higher-level neuronal simulation. We show that the neurons configured by our method exhibit spike timing statistics and temporal dynamics that are the same as those observed in the software simulated neurons and, in particular, that the key parameters of recurrent VLSI neural networks (e.g., implementing soft winner-take-all) can be precisely tuned. The proposed method permits a seamless integration between software simulations with hardware emulations and intertranslatability between the parameters of abstract neuronal models and their emulation counterparts. Most important, our method offers a route toward a high-level task configuration language for neuromorphic VLSI systems.

An optimal high-speed and low-power VLSI architecture requires an efficient arithmetic processing unit that is optimized for speed and power consumption. Adders are one of the widely used in digital integrated circuit and system design. High speed adder is the necessary component in a data path, e.g. Microprocessors and a Digital signal processor. The present paper proposes a novel high-speed adder by combining the advantages of Carry Look Ahead Adder (CLAA) and Carry Select Adder (CSA), devising a hybrid CSA. In the proposed adder, CSA uses CLAA technology to generate the carry bits for each sum bit, which are then used to select the respective multiplexer (MUX) which adds the carry bit to the sum accordingly. The proposed adder has been synthesized with bulk 40 nm standard CMOS library on Synopsys Design Compiler. Analysis has indicated the superiority of proposed adder over CLAA and CSA. As compared to CSA and CLAA, the proposed Carry Select Ahead Adder (CSAA) provides shorter average path and a simpler hardware. This has led to faster processing speed by increasing the complexity of circuit on the chip. The proposed adder finds its applications in various Arithmetic and Logic Units (ALU) of CPUs for faster arithmetic results. Keywords—Carry Look Ahead Adder (CLAA), Carry Select Adder (CSA), Multiplexer (MUX), Carry Select Ahead Adder (CSAA), Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU).

Using cutting-edge 32 nm Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor (CNTFET) technology, a unique 8-transistor full adder is suggested for very large scale integration (VLSI) systems. This design attempts to solve the difficulties of scaling conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based adders into nanoscale technology while striking a balance between power consumption, physical size, and operational speed. In HSPICE simulations, the design exhibits a fast propagation delay of 5.55 × 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−11</sup> seconds while maintaining performance across latency, power consumption, and energy efficiency with a low transistor count. This delay is constant over a broad supply voltage range (0.7 V to 1.5 V). In comparison to current designs like HFA26, CMOS28, and 9T adders, the average power consumption is still low, and the PDP and EDP values are good. Additionally, steady power and delay performance under realistic thermal circumstances is confirmed by temperature change studies. Monte Carlo analysis confirms that the design is resilient to changes in the process. The suggested 8T full adder is a promising option for next nanoscale and low-power VLSI applications since it provides a small, low-power, and energy-efficient solution.

In a synchronous digital system, the clock signal is used to define a time reference for the movement of data within that system. Since this function is vital to the operation of a synchronous system, much attention has been given to the characteristics of these clock signals and the networks used in their distribution. Clock signals are often regarded as simple control signals; however, these signals have some very special characteristics and attributes.Clock signals are typically loaded with the greatest fanout, travel over the greatest distances, and operate at the highest speeds of any signal, either control or data, with in the entire synchronous system. Since the data signals are provided with a temporal reference by the clock signals, the clock waveforms must be particularly clean and sharp. Furthermore, these clock signals are particularly affected by technology scaling, in that long global interconnect lines become signicantly more resistive as line dimensions are decreased. This increased line resistance is one of the primary reasons for the increasing significance of clock distribution on synchronous performance. Finally, the control of any differences and uncertainty in the arrival times of the clock signals can severely limit the maximum performance of the entire system and create catastrophic race conditions in which an incorrect data signal may latch within a register.Most synchronous digital systems consist of cascaded banks of sequential registers with combinatorial logic between each set of registers. The functional requirements of the digital system are satisfied by the logic stages. The global performance and local timing requirements are satisfied by the careful insertion of pipeline registers into equally spaced time windows to satisfy critical worst case timing constraints. The proper design of the clock distribution network ensures that these critical timing requirements are satisfied and that no race conditions exist.The delay components that make up a general synchronous system are composed of the following three individual subsystems: the memory storage elements, the logic elements, and the clocking circuitry and distribution network. Interrelationships among these three subsystems of a synchronous digital system are critical to achieving maximum levels of performance and reliability.Novel structures are currently under development to ameliorate these issues and provide effective solutions. Important area of research include resonant clocking techniques, on-chip optical interconnect, and local synchronization methodologies.The literature in this field exists in a variety of journals and conference proceedings. Examples include the IEEE Transactions of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, the IEEE/ACM Design Automation Conference, and a host of related computer, circuits, and CAD conferences. Survey and review articles exist that summarize many of the primary results while providing background and perspective.

Reliability of majority voting based VLSI fault-tolerant circuits : Charles E. Stroud. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 2, 4, 516 (December 1994)

An overview of the problems in generating a synchronous clock signal for electrical very large scale integration (VLSI) and multi-processor systems is given. Alternative clocking schemes using optical distribution techniques are then presented and compared with the electrical methods. Issues related to holographic signal distribution are discussed in detail.

A real-time clustering microchip neural engine : Teresa Serrano-Gotarredona and Bernabe Linares-Barranco. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 1996, 4(2), 195

Motion estimation has a critical role to play in the transmission and compression of digital video. As it has a complexity in terms of computation that is inherent it is a big challenge for the implementation of real time codes. Recently there have been studies on block matching algorithms (BMA) for bringing down the complexity in the computation and has also got better attention in many algorithms that are very effective for very large scale integration (VLSI) systems for bringing down the complexity. These BMA algorithms are relatively easy to implement which can give solutions that are suboptimal even if the entire search has not been performed. The entire search is high in terms of cost of computation that prevents it from being applied in the systems of VLSI. A novel and fast motion estimation based algorithm known as charged system search (CSS) and full search algorithm (FSA) for multipliers of low power and for H.264 encoders is proposed. The CSS is used in all fields of optimization and is well suited for most domains and does not require any gradient information. The results have proved that proposed FSA has better performance.

Cumulative balance testing of logic circuits : KRISHENDU CHAKRABARTY and JOHN P. HAYES. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) System, 3(1), 72 (March 1995)

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) operation is one of the most important fundamental operations in the digital signal processing systems.A new pipelined Radix-8 based Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) architecture is designed for performing frequency transformation techniques.The objective of this design is to improve the speed and to reduce the area, delay and power.Radix-8 FFT, which is used to improve the speed of functioning by reducing the computational path.In the proposed new architecture named as -Radix-8 SDF FFT‖.In this architecture, the numbers of stages are reduced to 75%.The SDF FFT is to increasing the processing speed of architecture.The performance evaluation of Radix-8 SDF FFT architecture is determined through Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) system design environment.In the VLSI system design, less area utilization, low power consumption and high speed are the main parameters.Hence, the main goal of proposed architecture is to reduce hardware complexity, power consumption and increasing both speed and throughput of the system.Applications:

In the province of wireless receivers, biomedical equipment, and portable/mobile devices, the demand for Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) systems that optimize space, minimize power consumption, and deliver high performance is dominant. At the core of these systems, adders play a pivotal role as the primary component of arithmetic units. This paper proposes a ripple carry propagate adder with a high-speed area-efficient. The two’s complement representation is employed for adding two numbers, a common practice in various systems dealing with n-bit input sequences. Microprocessors and digital signal processing use these carry adders. The carry output of every finished adder stage is useful as a carry input to the one behind it. This procedure is continued until the last complete adder stage is reached. Each carry output bit in an entire adder is therefore rippled to the next stage. An exact (forward) carry adder be linked with the proposed structure to generate hybrid adders with tunable accuracy levels. The practical implementation of proposed model is carried out using Xilinx ISE Design Suite 13.4, showcasing its feasibility for real-world applications.

Coprocessor design for multilayer surface-mounted PCB routing : Ramachandran Venkateswaranet al. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 1(1), 31 (1993)

Since the beginning of this editorial year, our Transactions has evolved in the numerous directions that were described in the first editorial of my term as the IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (TVLSI) Editor-in-Chief [item 1) in the Appendix]. The new initiatives on TVLSI aim to emphasize the positioning of our Transactions as crossroads of our broad and excitingly diverse community and to remark its distinctive systems nature.