Gauls on Top

This book provides an alternate vantage point for understanding the variegated forms and trajectories of revolution across the Philippines, Indonesia, and Việtnam, a perspective that is de-nationalized, internationalized, and transnationalized. The book positions this new vantage point against the conventional framing of revolutions in modern Southeast Asian history in terms of a nationalist template, on the one hand, and distinctive local cultures and forms of consciousness, on the other. The book's comparative analysis shows how — in very different, decisive, and often surprising ways — the Philippine, Indonesian, and Việtnamese revolutions were informed, enabled, and impelled by diverse cosmopolitan connections and international conjunctures. It addresses the role of Freemasonry in the making of the Philippine revolution, the importance of Communism and Islam in Indonesia's Revolusi, and the influence that shifting political currents in China and anticolonial movements in Africa had on Việtnamese revolutionaries. Through this assessment, the book tracks how these forces, rather than nationalism per se, shaped the forms of these revolutions, the ways in which they unfolded, and the legacies which they left in their wakes.

A Puzzle for Readers of Arthur Danto’s Aesthetic Theory

Reviews413 Tannery's generous ardor brings with it some weaknesses as well as strength. At times he exclaims and defends too much, persisting, for example, in treating the butcher Mao Zedong and his vicious "cultural revolution" with undeserved respect. It is too much to say that Malraux regards "every revolution" as a lyrical illusion (p. 91); Malraux is both less "disillusioned" and less Utopian than Tannery, more genuinely political. Tannery does share one weakness with Malraux: the failure to distinguish sufficiendy the classical from the modern conception of reason. In Plato reason yields transcendence, a possibility Malraux , following Nietzsche, too hastily rejects. Tannery insists too much on the development, the metamorphosis, of MaIraux 's thought, underestimating its continuity. He discusses The Walnut Trees of Altenburg without fully considering Malraux's integration of that novel, its chapters largely unchanged, into The Mirror of Limbo, published some three decades later. This happens because Tannery sometimes does not attend closely to the texts as Malraux presents them, making it difficult to see exactly where Malraux's thoughts end and Tannery's begin. This is especially and most regrettably true of Tannery's penultimate chapter, treating his principal theme, metamorphosis as universal law. Here he brings in a plethora of writers from Goethe (quite informatively) to Stephen Jay Gould. There's just not enough Malraux. We who admire Malraux and find nourishment in his writings would betray what he has given us were we to use such occasions as this for multiplying unfraternal complaints. Tannery has written a book to learn from, and to build with. Rumson, New JerseyWill Morrisey Contending Kingdoms, edited by Marie-Rose Logan and Peter L. Rudnytsky; 373 pp. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991, $44.95 cloth, $24.95 paper. The critical movement of new historicism, ushered in by the publication of Stephen Greenblatt's Renaissance Self-Fashioning in 1980, has enjoyed a steady if not spectacular rise over the past decade. New Historicism's anti-formalist convictions, together with a tendency to gravitate toward the Renaissance as a period in which art and politics were closely intertwined, form the critical basis for ContendingKingdoms. The title, taken from Shakespeare'sHenry V, is intended not only to signal the inclusion of essays on the French as well as the English Renaissance and the oppositions inherent in any study of the early modern 414Philosophy and Literature period, but also to allude to the divergence of theoretical paths taken by the contributors. The catch-all title is symptomatic. The book includes a variety of essays by a number of writers all of whom adopt a self-conscious critical posture. This is reinforced by the division ofessays according to critical method, and occasionally leads to a division of interest between subject and method. Burt's essay, "A Dangerous Rome," for instance, begins with a stimulating discussion of what he terms discursive determinism. This is to say that "unlike the Gramscian notion that political interests determine discourse, discourse, in [his] view, determines politics." To take Burt's own concrete example, there is no transcendent signified by Roman history in the Renaissance, rather Roman history had to be articulated in and for the Renaissance present. This latest foray into the postmodernist debate, via Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar, is of at least as much, and possibly of more, interest to the student ofliterary criticism, as to the Renaissance scholar. Nor are the essays always in agreement. Carron's essay, "The Persuasive Seduction," suggests that the apparent opposition inherent in the dialogue form of sixteenth-century France merely creates an illusion of an "other" while giving preeminence to a single voice, that of the author, thus demonstrating the capacity of power to contain subversion. In this respect, Burt's essay offers a possible solution to the foreclosure of opposition within a text, a problem inherent in the position of the new historicist. The spectre of foreclosure is also addressed by feminist critics in this volume. In her essay, "Rewriting the Rhetoric of Desire in the Heptameron," Carla Freccero asks whether it is really possible for feminist critics to speak of an outsider's point of view when this outside is already contained within an ideological institution and...

Notes on Contributors

188 PHOENIX La batellerie  egyptienne: Arch eologie, histoire, ethnographie. Ed. Patrice Pomey. Alexandria: Centre d’Études Alexandrines (Études Alexandrines 34). 2015. Pp. 335, 174 illustrations. For scholars interested in the history of Mediterranean ships and shipping and for specialists researching questions related to Egyptian inland water transport (batellerie)— and given that region’s hydrology there are few questions that do not at least touch on the topic—this well edited, richly illustrated, and attractively produced volume will prove a reasonable investment. The volume as a whole will be of less interest to many readers of this journal. The topic of Egyptian batellerie is peripheral to the research of many classicists and Greek and Roman historians. While maritime transport stood at the heart of ancient connectivity, inland water transport was of less importance in ancient Greece and systems of river and lake transport in other regions like Gaul were generally subject to unrelated developments. Furthermore, the project’s chronological scope (from pharaonic Egypt to the present day) and methodological range (from traditional philology to experimental archaeology) have resulted in contributions that are unusually diverse. And finally, the volume’s fourteen chapters, twelve in French and the other two in English, have their genesis in papers presented at a 2010 conference at the Centre d’Études Alexandrines and collectively they reflect an unevenness in terms of quality and significance that is characteristic of academic conferences. Nevertheless, a number of contributions are certain to prove useful to classicists and ancient historians. Mohamed M. Abd el-Maguid (15–34) offers an overview of Nile transport in the pharaonic period and Mahmoud Sief el-Din Gomaa (35–86) provides the same for the Nile together with canals and lakes as communication networks in the Graeco-Roman period. As with all the chapters in the volume their utility is augmented by the up-to-date bibliographies that accompany each chapter. We might place in a similar category Marianne Bergmann and Michael Heinzelmann’s (87–98) paper summarizing the evidence for the site of Schedia and demonstrating how preliminary results of five excavation seasons between 2003 and 2009 can shed light on the site’s important role in the Hellenistic and Roman periods as a river port and customs station at the crucial juncture where the canal from Alexandria joined the Nile’s Canopic branch. Patrice Pomey’s (151–172) discussion of the Palestrina mosaic is devoted primarily to offering an original discussion of how the nine boats illustrated in the mosaic represent “un véritable catalogue de la batellerie nilotique à l’époque gréco-romaine” (169). Given that four of the nine crafts are a small, simple type made of papyrus and that the documentary evidence suggests considerable diversity in types of crafts, the notion of a “catalogue” perhaps overstates the case. Nevertheless, Pomey plausibly associates three of the remaining boats with types attested in textual sources for Graeco-Roman Egypt (thalamus, kybaia, and baris). He likewise identifies a fourth as a type of coracle attested iconographically in Egypt already in the predynastic period and still known to Strabo as a paktôn. Tempting too, if less certain, is his suggestion that a flooded fence structure close to the coracle depicts a kind of fishing weir. Lucien Basch (173–178) suggests that the curved, mortised planks comprising a wooden door from the temple to Sobek at Theadelphia in the Fayum were reused from a ship of the early Ptolemaic period. Pascale Ballet and Patrice Pomey illustrate and discuss the possible practical and religious significance of two groups of terracottas— chiefly lamps—from Graeco-Roman Egypt that take the form of boats and seem to de- BOOK REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS 189 pict shipping on the Nile. In one group a divinity (most often Harpocrates) accompanies the craft while in the other group (which is perhaps more interesting) ships, comprised of two distinct types and sometimes loaded with cargoes, appear alone. In terms of significance, Pascal Arnaud’s masterful study of the papyrological evidence for freight shipping on the Nile (“La batellerie de fret nilogique d’après la documentation papyrologique [300 avant j.-c.–400 après j.-c.],” 99–150) stands...

On adfectatores regni and on Tampering with History (Summary) The issue of adfectatores regni probably did not come into view before the later Republic. An accusation of aiming at regal power became a tool of political struggle in the dispute between the optimates and the populares. Roman historians who dealt with the early Republican period might have used contemporary or not very distant events as a basis on which to create a history of the past, but above all to provide justifi cation for radical measures applied against Ti. Gracchus, Saturninus or Catiline. On many occasions in the late Republican period, historians would try to explain that what had happened in their time had been nothing unheard of, but had already happened in the past. Among such exempla inspired by the political debate, there are stories of three adfectatores regni of the archaic period: Spurius Cassius Vicellinus, Marcus Manlius Capitolinus, Spurius Maelius. Th e problem is that we do not know how much we can trust archaic history (e. g. Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus).

Gaius Asinius Pollio (ca. 76 BCE –4 CE ) was a Roman literary and political figure of the Late Republican and early imperial periods. His brother was the Asinius Marrucinus accused by catullus of stealing napkins (Catullus 12). Pollio entered public life in the mid‐50s and supported julius caesar (c. iulius caesar ) in the civil war. He subsequently backed Mark Antony ( see antonius marcus (mark antony )), serving as his legate in Transpadane Gaul. As consul, in 40 BCE , Pollio brokered the Treaty of Brundisium between Antony and Octavian ( see augustus ). He celebrated a triumph in 39 for victories in Illyricum. He became a supporter of Octavian but declined to participate at Actium. Thereafter he retired from public life and devoted himself to his literary pursuits.

(1981). The empathic mode of perception and alternative vantage points for psychoanalytic work. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 1, On empathy, pp. 329-355.

This book sets forth a revisionary conceptual scheme envisaged by the ancient Indian Buddhist philosopher Vasubandhu. The book describes his revisionary no-self and no-person metaphysics and its normative implications as an alternative vantage point to challenge what we ordinarily assume and intuit. I argue that we can account for the phenomenology and the subjective character of our ordinary conscious experience in the absence of selves and persons. The no-person view, however, leaves us without a basis for our person-related concerns and interpersonal practices. A wholesale rejection of our ordinary practices is practically impossible. The best way forward is to build theories of “what we are” and “how we should live” that are mutually constrained by some forms of reflective equilibrium.

This special issue on what we call global green visions offers an alternative vantage point for understanding global environmental governance in the Anthropocene through the lens of world order(s). Specifically, we suggest in this introduction that a variety of international and transnational actors craft green visions, thereby not only outlining what (un)sustainability means for them but also promoting distinct conceptions of future world order. In other words, ideas about sustainability are not politically innocent; instead, each explicitly or implicitly revolves around a particular conception of world order. The special issue bridges and complements existing work in international relations and global environmental politics by examining how the global green visions of various actors interact with understandings of world order, rather than merely acknowledging that claims about what is “sustainable” and “unsustainable” are contested. In fact, global green visions are contested precisely because they entail renegotiations of how to govern under the increasingly difficult conditions of the Anthropocene.

A Unified Concept of the Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction and Sudden Death

Many analysts of the ‘terrorism’ phenomena locate the desire to cause terror as a key definitional concept: terrorists seek to cause terror. Such a conception risks obscuring the motivations for the act of terrorism, it is committed purely to terrorise. The idea that this type of political violence is an act of ‘propaganda by the deed’, however, is one commonly applied by the perpetrators themselves. The anarchist ‘terrorists’ of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and contemporary ‘jihadists’ both understood their acts, at least in part, as propaganda by the deed. Beyond just the creation of terror propaganda by the deed can be used as an alternative conceptual vantage point to examine and understand the motivations that lie behind acts of terrorism and the material conditions that give rise to these acts.

The longstanding argument between advocates of curriculum development and critical curriculum studies is examined from the perspective of democratic inquiry artistry. From this alternative vantage point, both advocacies possess certain strengths and limitations. A map of democratic inquiry artistry has been created to capitalize on the strengths of each position and to deepen democratic curriculum work. This map—an eclectic adaptation of seven ancient forms of inquiry—is designed to help educators negotiate the “terrain” of democratic wisdom, which is understood as a demanding professional challenge incorporating disciplined inquiry, democratic hermeneutics and human artistry. The daily enactment of democratic inquiry artistry can assist educational researchers by informing ethical-political decisions and by advancing the integration of the science and art of education.

<p>The early twentieth century was a time when steamships, international postal services and the telephone were setting the pace of an early wave of globalisation in Europe. In this increasingly international scenario, what role did language play? To address the geopolitical problem of cross-border linguistic (mis)understanding, international auxiliary languages like Esperanto were created. But what happened to a constructed language when it travelled to different places?</p><p>This book tackles these questions by exploring the letters, postcards and activities of John Beveridge (1857–1943) and his family. This Scottish clergyman was a proficient Esperanto speaker, translator and co-founder of several Esperanto organisations. His long-standing engagement with the language left a unique archive that reveals how many Esperanto speakers exchanged letters across borders, produced literature for an international readership, organised congresses and used this language as an entry point into modernity and globalisation from their ‘marginal’ positions in the world.</p><p>By tracing this language-based form of grassroots internationalism, the book uncovers wide-reaching networks connecting a corner of Scotland with rural settings and villages in Finland, Bulgaria and Brazil. Ultimately, it asks: what do we learn about international communication and globalisation through the lens of Esperanto and postcards? Focusing on a constructed language and communication technologies that preceded the dominance of global English and social media, this book offers an alternative vantage point on the history of international communication.</p>

After being captured from the streets of Moscow, Laika was the first living creature to be sent into Earth’s orbit by the USSR in 1957. The 2019 film, Space Dogs, tells the story of Laika’s spectral return to Moscow, and searches for her ghosts in the city’s street dogs 60 years later. Combining archival material with contemporary documentary footage ‘filmed at dog’s level’, the film reanimates Laika’s spectral afterlives. Drawing on a series of in-depth conversations with the film’s directors, writers, and director of photography, we provide critical reflections on filmmaking practice for animals’ geographies. We offer a three-part typology which frames these contributions: attunement, which focuses on the affordances of filmmaking practice for attuning to the lives of nonhuman lifeworlds; perspective, which documents how filmmaking practice allows for more-than-human urban space to be viewed from alternative vantage points; and narration, which enables filmmakers to experiment with affective modes of representing animals’ lives, offering audiences alternative spatiotemporal experiences. Finally, we reflect on the potentials of filmmaking as a fruitful practice, method, and output for animals’ geographers.