Gemini AI as a Writing Catalyst: Boosting Fluency, Coherence, and Confidence in EFL Composition

<p>The readability level of reading text in the English textbook entitled “Pathway to English” used by the eleventh grade students of State Islamic Senior High School in Tangerang. The objective of the research was to know whether the textbook is suitable to the ability of students, to know whether the reading texts are suitable to student and to know the readability level of reading texts in an English textbook entitled “Pathway to English” which is used by the eleven grade students of State Islamic Senior High School in Tangerang. Method of the research was descriptive qualitative method. The data analyzed through document study. The researcher has completed the following steps which she tries to describe, elaborate, and analyze the readability level of the textbook entitled “Pathway to English” a textbook for eleven grade of state Islamic senior high school in Tangerang. From the writer’s analysis, reading texts in English Textbook entitled “Pathway to English” a textbook for eleven grade of state Islamic senior high school in Tangerang which not readable with students for eleven grade of state Islamic senior high school in Tangerang are: from sixteen reading texts, there are six texts that readable with state Islamic senior high school in Tangerang. The reading texts are text 2, 3, 4, 11, 13 and 16. It can be classified Flesch Reading Ease Score 50-59 the description of the style of the text is fairly difficult. There are six texts from sixteen texts or 37.5 % texts at this level is readable with eleventh grade of state Islamic senior high school in Tangerang. Meanwhile, there are ten texts (62.5 %) from sixteen texts that not readable with state Islamic senior high school in Tangerang.</p>

This study aims to provide knowledge and references to researchers as a basis that will be used in further research. The method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which identifies, classifies, and categorizes certain topics related to research on students' mathematical problem solving abilities in Indonesia. The data used are 33 articles that have SINTA 1 and SINTA 2 accredited criteria, such as in the journals AKSIOMA and KREANO, which were taken within the last 3 years, namely 2019 to 2021. The data are grouped into 6 discussions, namely a list of journal names, year published articles, methods used, research subjects, teaching materials used, and research results. In most articles, the most widely used research method in qualitative research methods, and the research subject is 8th grade of junior high school. It was also found that 10th grade of senior high school, 11th grade of senior high school, and 10th grade of vocational high school were also research subjects. While the material in the research is mostly found about constructing flat side spaces.

The popularity of social media between students can be used as a language teaching tool. One of popular is Instagram this is a social network that can be use to take pictures and videos, and share publicly or privately on the application. This study aims to research the effectiveness of using Instagram as a online media toward writing descriptive text. This research was conducted toward the tenth grade of senior high school 8 Jambi city in semester two there were 34 students participated in this test. Seventeen students participated in control class and also seventeen students in experimental class. Based on the researcher findings and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of instagram as online media toward writing descriptive text at the tenth grade of Senior high school 8 Jambi City. It was proven by the students mean score improvement from pre-test and post-test. The students mean score of pre test was 36,76. Which was classified as very poor classification, while that of post-test was higher than mean score of pre-test as 53.67 which was classified poor category. Moreover, based on the data analysis, t-test was value. It means that there was a significant difference. Therefore H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. In other words, the use of instagram as online media toward writing skills students in descriptive text

Abstract: Some teachers English only focus on students’ four skills and do not introduce about the culture, especially in learning English. Then, the student don’t know about the culture. Cultural content is not taught directly. It can introduce through the textbook. So this way the important thing to the teacher should choose the appropriate textbook for teaching and learning language without leaving the culture that represented in the textbook. This research investigates the representation of culture-related contents in English textbooks entitled “Pathway to English” that published by Erlangga for second grade in senior high school in Indonesia. A content analysis of these textbooks was conducted, using two aspects of culture, ‘cultural categories’ and the ‘cultural dimensions’ as the evaluation framework. In this research analayzed 14 chapters, 53 reading passages that was analyzed. Based on the result of the data that was analyszed. The are two aspect that present in this research. The first aspect is the cultural categories of Cortazzi and Jin (1999), and that has most huge amount of the porpostion is target culture. The country that use English as official language. Next, the other cultural categories that has small part is local culture and the last which has the the smallest part is international culture. The second aspect is five dimentions of Moran’s theory (2001). The most that has huge amount of porpotion in five dimentions is product the second part is person and community. Practice and perspective are the small part that represent in the textbook.

This research aims at probing into the impact of life stress, dysfunctional attitude on the depressive mood of adolescent girls. This research regards the life state questionnaire of vocational senior high school students as the studying tool and the female students in the daytime of a public vocational senior high school at Taichung county as the studying object. There are 1097 samples effectively altogether. The main discoveries are as follows: 1. The grade of vocational senior high school female students increases, the more serious the degree of the depressive mood is. 2. The Life stress and dysfunctional attitude of vocational senior high school female students all influence the depressive mood, the influence power of life stress is greater than that of dysfunctional attitude. 3. The family state influences the family pressure of vocational senior high school female students, but does not influence the depressive mood of vocational senior high school female students. 4. The self-concept of vocational senior high school female students has a great relationship with their depressive mood. 5. Every grade vocational senior high school female student generally takes notice of her own appearance and stature that does not affect the depressive mood. 6. The grade of vocational senior high school female students increases, the deeper the painful sense to educational environment is and affects the depressive mood. 7. The bad family's financial affairs is the greatest pressure of vocational senior high school female students, and the grade increases, the more the pressure is. 8. Vocational senior high school female students use drug-abuse as the means of releasing the depressive mood. According to the results studied, this research proposes concrete suggestions for education relevant units and future studies to consult.

Demotivation is a complex problem that many foreign language (FL) learners faced, and it is caused by a variety of factors including the teacher, poor self-esteem, and previous bad language learning experiences(BABA KHOUYA, 2018). This study aimed to understand the demotivating factors on EFL students in online learning. The participants of this study were three students of the third grade of senior high school in Karawang. This study used a qualitative case study design to address the research objectives. The data for this study was gathered through semi-structured interview questions as an instrument of this study. The collecting data was obtained through Google meeting. The result of this study revealed that there are two demotivating factors on EFL students in online learning. Those are the teacher’s methods and learning material. In this case, the researcher found out that those factors are from the external factors. In the teacher’s method, there are two aspects that demotivate EFL students in online learning. The first aspect is because the teacher always speaks English all the time during learning. The second is because the teacher did not evaluate the students’ assignments. The last factor is the learning materials, the students get difficult to understand the materials during online learning.
 
 Keywords: demotivation factors, online learning.

This study aims to identify: 1) the need of audio-visual media of geography learning in XI grade of senior high school, 2) the development procedures of CTL-based audio-visual adobe flash media, 3) the feasibility of CTL-based audio-visual adobe flash media, 4) the improvement of critical thinking ability of students after the use of CTL-based adobe flash audio-visual media. The study is a Research and Development. Development models using ADDIE models. The study concludes that: 1) the learning of geography requires CTL-based adobe flash audio-visual media which is delivered creatively and interestingly, 2) Adobe flash audio-visual media is developed by using adobe flash application 3) according to the validation result of the experts’ team and students’ responds, CTL-based audio-visual adobe flash media is feasible to be applied in the XI grade of highschool, and 4) CTL-based adobe flash audio-visual media could improve the critical thinking ability, attested by −tobtained < -ttable.

To determine the association of birth weight with obesity risk at first grade of high school in Chilean children after accounting for potential confounding factors. National non-concurrent cohort of newborns. Sociodemographic information, height, weight and anthropometric measurements at first grade of high school were analysed. Birth weight was classified as macrosomia (≥4000 g), by gestational age and by ponderal index. The relationship between birth weight and obesity at first grade of high school (BMI ≥ 95th percentile of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's reference) was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic information at delivery. First grade of public high school of low and middle socio-economic status in the whole country (about 77 % of Chilean children in this age group). Newborns (n 119 070) and the same number of high-school students. A positive relationship of high ponderal index (OR = 1·86, 95 % CI 1·69, 2·03), birth weight ≥4000 g (OR = 1·66, 95 % CI 1·54, 1·78) and large for gestational age (OR = 1·69, 95 % CI 1·58, 1·81) with obesity at adolescence (P < 0·001) was found. Macrosomic children had a higher risk of being obese at first grade of high school after controlling for prenatal confounding variables (OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 1·52, 1·76; P < 0·001). A direct relationship between high birth weight and obesity at first grade of high school was observed in this group of Chilean children. The results highlight the significance of birth weight as a simple tool to be used as an indicator of obesity risk for children by health-care providers.

This study aim to: (1) Produce media of math comics based on character values for trigonometry material on first grade (Class X) Senior High School which is valid and practical. (2) Determine the potential effects arise from development of mathematics comics media based on character values for trigonometry for first grade class toward student test result. The type of this research is Development Research, Formative Evaluation type. The subjects were student of Class X-1 of Public Senior High School No. 1 Indralaya Utara in academic year 2015/2016 totaling 30 students. Data collection techniques used is the walkthrough, observation and test. The results from this study are: (1) This research has produced a media of math comics based on character values for trigonometry material to first grade of senior high school which valid and practical. The validity drawn from the assessment result of validator in terms of content, construct, and language. Practicalities drawn from the results of a small group test where most student can well-use the media as planned. (2) Mathematics comics media based on character values can increase students character values. (3) Matematics comics media which is developed has a positive potential effect on students test results, it can be seen that the stundent achieving the Minimum Completeness Criteria {Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM)} of 2,51 is amounted to 83 or as many as 25 students.

The aims of this research is to determine the chemistry instructional model to improve student learning outcomes, communicative and self confidence character’s for XI grade of senior high school on teaching solution chemistry. The 3 experiment class as a samples were taken by purposive random sampling respectively from 3 units of state senior high school (SMA Negeri) in Medan. These experiment class were taught by various teaching model. The experiment class-1 (Ec-1) taught by direct instruction strategy, experimen class-2 (Ec-2) by problem-based learning without media and experiment class-3 (Ec-3) by problem-based learning using the Internet media. The achievement test about solution chemistry used as instrument to know student outcomes, and quisionary and observation list used as intrument to know how communicative and confidence student characters. The one-way ANOVA in SPSS 19 for windows program used to hypothesis testing at α = 0.05 level of significance. The results shows (1) There is a significant differences of students' learning outcomes between students which taught by direct instruction model, problem-based learning without media and problem-based learning model using internet media on teaching solution chemistry. (2) There is a significance differences of student communicative character between students which taught by by direct instruction model, problem-based learning without media and problem-based learning model using internet media on teaching solution chemistry. (3) There is a significance differences of student self confidence character between students which taught by by direct instruction model, problem-based learning without media and problem-based learning model using internet media on teaching solution chemistry. (4) There is a significant corelation between student communicative character with student learning outcomes in class who taught by problem-based learning using internet media. (5) There is a significant corelation between self-confident character with student learning outcomes in class who taught by direct instruction, problem-based learning without media and problem-based learning using internet media.

This study aims to determine the experts’ opinions and the design of the learning continuum on aspects of biological resource management reviewed at the level of competence and characteristics of specific pedagogical material from elementary to high school. The method used in this research was survey by giving questionnaire to the experts. The sample of this study is convenience sample, which is 85 lecturers. This research was conducted at several State and Private Universities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Central Java, East Java, West Java, Jakarta. Results of this study indicate that the experts believe that the aspect of biological resource management has been taught in the tenth grade of senior high school (SHS) with cognitive levels (CL) “understanding” (C2) and “applying” (C3), and in seventh grade junior high school (JHS) with C2 CL. The design of learning continuum aspects of the management of biological resources from the FGD results based on the opinions of experts is that most of the specific pedagogical materials have begun to be taught at the JHS level with C2 CL, then continued at the SHS level with C3 CL, and there are also some specific pedagogic materials that have begun to be taught at the SHS level with C3 CL.

This study aims to reveal: (1) the characteristics of diagnostic test items used in mathematics subject of the first grade of senior high school (SHS); (2) the degree of errors from several types of students’ errors in answering mathematics test; and (3) the dominant factor causing the students to make mistakes in answering mathematics test. This study used a quantitative approach involving the first graders of eight SHSs in Mataram as the population. The sample was collected by a proportionate random sampling technique, consisting of 350 students for preliminary field testing and 450 students for main field testing. The research instrument was a mathematics diagnostic test, questionnaire, and interview guidelines. The results show that: (1) the diagnostic test instrument meets the qualitative and quantitative content validity, proves empirically fit with Partial Credit Model (PCM), has reliability index of 0.92 (high category), and all items in the diagnostic test instrument are categorized in moderate difficulty; (2) misrepresentation becomes dominant errors if compared with misconceptions, the counting errors, and procedural errors. The errors dominant in the topic domain are Inequalities Linear System Two Variables if compared with Rational and Irrational Inequality One Variable, Equations and Inequalities of Absolute Value, and Linear Equations System Three Variables; and (3) most of the students do not understand how to solve the problem of inequality, determining factor quadratic equations, determining the members of the set completion, problems concerning graphs, and problems that require the capability of language interpretation into the mathematics model.

It was a quasi-experimental research aiming at knowing the effectiveness of using Integrated Reading and Composition learning model in increasing student reading skill at the eighth grade of Islamic Junior High School of PPMTI Tg. Berulak, Kampar. The formulation of the problem was “was the use of Using Integrated Reading and Composition learning model effective in increasing student reading skill at the eighth grade of Islamic Junior High School of PPMTI Tg. Berulak, Kampar?” This research was started by planning the lesson plan, implementing, observing, and testing. The eighth-grade students at Islamic Junior High School of PPMTI Tg. Berulak, Kampar in the Academic Year of 2021/2022 were the population of this research, and the samples were the eighth-grade students of classes A and B. The subjects of this research were the eighth-grade students, and the object was the effectiveness of using Integrated Reading and Composition learning model in increasing student reading skill at the eighth grade of Islamic Junior High School of PPMTI Tg. Berulak, Kampar. Observation and test were the instruments of collecting data. Based on data analysis, it could be concluded that the use of Integrated Reading and Composition learning model was effective in increasing student reading skill at the eighth grade of Islamic Junior High School of PPMTI Tg. Berulak, Kampar because the score of to 3.44 was higher than tt 2.563 at 1% significant level and 2.074 at 5% significant level. It meant that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. In other words, Integrated Reading and Composition learning model was effective in increasing student reading skill at the eighth grade of Islamic Junior High School of PPMTI Tg. Berulak, Kampar.

The background of this research was that the mathematical critical thinking ability of the students is still low. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find out the misconceptions or difficulties of students in each indicator of mathematical critical thinking ability of high school students that learned Brain Based Learning (BBL) with material in the Three Dimensions. This reseacrh used a qualitative approach with the descriptive method. The subjects in this study were the students of XII MIPA 5 class or first grade of senior high school in Subang Regency which was on a total of 32 students. The instrument of this study consisted of a test instrument of mathematical critical thinking ability and a non-test instrument in the form of an observation sheet. The results of this study shows that students almost have difficulty in carrying out tests of mathematical critical thinking skills based on the indicators tested. The indicators of critical thinking ability tested include providing simple clarification (elementary clarification), making conclusion (inference), determining strategies and tactics (strategies and tactics) to solve problems, and making further clarification (advances clarification).

: Research about the development of Science Process Skills (SPS) has been carried out as SPS measuring instrument study materials in Biology subject at 11 th grade of senior high school. The study is aimed to produce a valid and practical test instrument of SPS. The method used in this research is Development Research (DR) method which refers to the instrument development model from Djaali and Mulyono (2008). The steps of the research and development consist of several phases: synthesis theory and requirements analysis, design stage (variable construction, development of indicators, the preparation of the lattice matter, writing of instruments, scoring) and the evaluation phase. Evaluation phase is divided into three: validity test, reliability test and analysis of grain items. The analysis of grain items is done by analyzing the degrees of difficulty, different power and distracters function. The validation of Science Process Skills (SPS) is done in three stages, namely validation theoretical (content experts, constructs experts and linguists) and empirical validation (test participants' answers). Based on the theoretical validation of the results obtained an average value of 4.2 which indicates that the questions of SPS is valid. Practicality of SPS can be detected through the result analysis of the test participants questionnaires in the trial test. The average of the questionnaire practicality while testing is 3.64 which indicate that the question of SPS is a practical category. The results of the analysis from the expert validation test and learner questionnaire showed the SPS that produced is valid and practical. Keywords: Questions development, science process skill, biology learning material