Geographic Information

As time goes by, technology is also developing, especially in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become an important tool in analyzing, managing, and designing. In various fields and sectors. Semarang Regency is a region located in the province of Central Java which has many very diverse tourist destinations. Tourist destinations in Semarang Regency are relatively low in visitors compared to other regions. Therefore, the aim of this research is to design an application that functions to introduce tourist destinations in Semarang Regency to the wider community by adopting Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. This application makes it easier for visitors to find out tourist locations, see locations virtually using images, see place ratings based on public assessments, looking at the costs required to access tourist areas, etc. This design method uses qualitative methods and system design using UML (Unified Modeling Language).

In recent years the development of technology and the lifting of several technical limitations, has brought the third dimension to the fore. The complexity of urban environments and the strong need for land administration, intensify the need of using a three-dimensional cadastral system. Despite the progress in the field of geographic information systems and 3D modeling techniques, there is no fully digital 3D cadastre. The existing geographic information systems and the different methods of three-dimensional modeling allow for better management, visualization and dissemination of information. Nevertheless, these opportunities cannot be totally exploited because of deficiencies in standardization and interoperability in these systems. Within this context, CityGML was developed as an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) for 3D city models’ representation and exchange. CityGML defines geometry and topology for city modeling, also focusing on semantic aspects of 3D city information. The scope of CityGML is to reach common terminology, also addressing the imperative need for interoperability and data integration, taking into account the number of available geographic information systems and modeling techniques. The aim of this paper is to develop an application for managing semantic information of a model generated based on procedural modeling. The model was initially implemented in CityEngine ESRI's software, and then imported to ArcGIS environment. Final goal was the original model’s semantic enrichment and then its conversion to CityGML format. Semantic information management and interoperability seemed to be feasible by the use of the 3DCities Project ESRI tools, since its database structure ensures adding semantic information to the CityEngine model and therefore automatically convert to CityGML for advanced analysis and visualization in different application areas.

Interoperable cross-domain semantic and geospatial framework for automatic change detection

Based on the idea of Spatial Citizenship, which endeavours to promote individuals' maturity and participation in the geospatial society, we focus on teachers' competence in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) teaching and learning. By employing methods of qualitative social research, we have determined the dimensions and structures of Spatial Citizenship competence which, in turn, were used to create a Spatial Citizenship competence model for teacher education and training. In light of the derived competence framework, we argue for a shift in learning with GIS from the expert-based view to the everyday non-expert use of digital geomedia.

The field of geographical information systems (GIS) is reviewed from the viewpoint of spatial analysis which is the key component of the familiar four-part model of input, storage, analysis and output Input is constrained by the limits of manual methods and problems of ambiguity in scanning. The potential for developments in output is seen to be limited to the query mode of GIS operation, and to depend on abandoning the cartographic model. Discussion of storage methods is organized around the raster versus vector debate and the need to represent two spatial dimensions in one. A taxonomy of GIS spatial analysis operations is presented together with a generic data model. Prospects for implementation are discussed and seen to depend on appropriate scales of organization in national and international academic research.

The book is a collection of the third symposium on geographical information systems organized by ZRC SAZU and co-organized by the Association of Geographical Societies of Slovenia and the Association of Surveyors of Slovenia on 28 and 29 November 1996 in Ljubljana. The book contains twenty-four scientific, research, professional, educational and technical papers in the field of geographic information systems.

This paper assesses different approaches in education between Western and Eastern Europe. It is based on a case study, comparing which compares universityies conventions inbetween Spain and Czech Republic, focusinged on e-learning and Open Source softwareources. The Eeducation system at Polytechnic University in Valencia (UPV) puts much more emphasis on open source solutions and elearning compared to the situation in Czech Republic. gvSIG is an open source geographic information system (GIS), co-developed at UPV as ain collaboration of commercial companies with research institutions. Lecturers at UPV significantly integrate free and open source (FOSS) into classes as well as they participate in open source communities like Planet gvSIG, gvSIG Outreach or Association for the promotion of FOSS4G and the development of gvSIG. In fact, a complex system for self-education in the field of GIS has been developed there. It combines positive relationship to open source solutions and takes advantage from all sections together. The “Aula Virtual” project is a virtual training classroom using the virtual educational platform. Great emphasis is put on step-by-step video tutorials. 300 videos are uploaded on PoliTube Channel, which contain both video and audio and “time-stamps-links”. Time-stamp allows the possibility to switch among videos and other sources (annotation, webpages, etc.) dependent on the student’s individual requirements. Compared to the situation in the Czech Republic, where proprietary software is still preferred in the academic sphere, this topic brings place for discussion. This paper discusses two different points of views, benefits of both of them and proposes a solution with regard to the specifics of Czech university education.

Geographic information systems (GISs) as a technology have been studied and reported extensively and, not unexpectedly, in the field of geography. The various ways of capturing spatial data, arranging attribute data into appropriate database structures, and making the resulting large data sets efficient to store and query have been extensively researched and reported (Densham, 1991). However, the geographic research community has only recently noted the need to study how GISs are used as decision tools, especially with regard to how such decision making might be related to a decision maker’s cognitive style (Mennecke, Crossland, et al., 2000). As an example, the University Consortium for Geographic Information Science called for research examining how geographic knowledge is acquired through different media and by users with different levels of experience and training (University Consortium for Geographic Information Science, 1996). Researchers in the fields of decision sciences and information systems have more recently begun to make contributions in the area of decision making with GISs. When a GIS is employed as a decision support system, in these studies the resultant system is often referred to as a spatial decision support system, or SDSS (see Crossland, 1992; Crossland, Perkins, et al., 1995; Mennecke et al., 2000). A geographic information system in its simplest form is a marriage of accurately scaled digital maps with a database. The digital maps comprise spatially referenced details such as natural elements (lakes, rivers, topographic elevation contours, etc.), manmade objects (buildings, roads, pipelines, etc.), and political boundaries (city limits, state and county lines, international boundaries, etc.). These natural elements are typically referenced, with varying degrees of precision, to latitude/longitude coordinates on the earth’s surface. It must be noted here that the degree of precision and, more importantly, differences in degrees of precision for the various elements are the subjects of much research and user consternation in applications of GISs to solving problems. The database, in turn, catalogs information about the various spatial elements (e.g., the names of rivers, names of buildings, building owner, operator of a pipeline, etc.). These descriptive entries in the database are often referred to as attributes of the various spatial elements. A GIS may be paired with the global positioning system (GPS), from which real-time, satellite-derived location information may be derived, as provided by an appropriate GPS receiver.

This study aims to employ both central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) to collaboratively generate contour lines from a large-scale digital elevation model (DEM). The performance was improved with regard to three aspects. First, the original DEM data were decomposed and assigned according to the GPU’s limited memory so that large-scale data could be correctly addressed. Second, different types of computational tasks between the CPUs and GPUs were dynamically scheduled to ensure that both accelerators cooperate for performance improvement. Third, parallel processing on GPUs and CPUs was separately optimized for more efficient acceleration. Experimental results indicated that applying the parallel algorithm to data with a volume of 37.81 GB and area of 5,975,625.16 km2 reduced the total execution time from 332.84 min to 8.29 min for an optimal speedup of 40.15. In addition, we investigated the effects of the computational intensity, decomposition granularity, and task scheduling on parallel efficiency and performance improvement. We also discussed its degree of effectiveness, broader application, and the future direction of research in the field of geographic information systems.

Geography, as a discipline which examines the earth, aims to increase analytical thinking skills by instilling spatial thinking (ST) skills in students. The youth who enrich a sense of space with these talents will effectively solve the spatial problems they encountered. In the modern world, where spatial issues are frequently being faced with, ST is extremely important for analyzing and interpreting data. Geographical information systems (GIS) appear as a method commonly used to process data and transform it into spatial information. In this context, despite the renewal of the secondary education (SE) geography curriculum in T?rkiye, with the components required for the use of GIS at the SE level, prevented the use of GIS in SE from reaching the desired level. Developments in technologies have also caused significant changes in the field of GIS with the power of cloud technologies and, the work done in the personal computer environment has been moved to the internet environment. Web GIS applications, which can be used via a web browser, are much easier to use than desktop software and can reach many users from any device with the internet. Within the scope of the study, a sample application was designed to use web GIS tools in geography teaching. With the application, it is possible to assess the students? achievements in the geography lessons regarding verbal and spatial data. Thus, it was aimed to ensure the active participation of the students in the geography lessons, develop their ST ability, and perception of space.

Geographic Information Science (GIScience or GISci) — using the synergy of global positioning systems (GPS), remote sensing, spatial analysis and statistics, and geographic information systems (GIS) — provides a powerful set of tools and intellectual approaches to address environmental change. Since the advent of satellite remote sensing of Earth resources in the 1970s, new and innovative ways have been developed to map, measure, monitor, model, and provide decision support for the ongoing changes on our planetary surface. Healthy green vegetation has a unique spectral reflectance response due to absorption in the visible red portion of the spectrum and strong reflectance in the near infrared. Indexes derived from combinations of satellite digital data have been documented to provide good indicators of the amount and geographic coverage of green vegetation. Thus, GIScience methods can be very helpful in spatial reasoning and scientific visualization of the success of agroforestry programs designed to combat desertification. Change detection or monitoring of the success of establishing green vegetation can be accomplished in a geographic information system using multiple dates of satellite imagery or aerial photography. In addition, when information about the state of the vegetation cover is combined with other digital data types, such as soils, access to water, transportation routes, the location of human settlements, and/or natural vegetation cover, then strategic decisions regarding development of the Great Green Wall can be made.

Geographic information systems (GISs) based on WebGIS architectures have transformed geospatial data visualization and analysis, offering rapid access to critical information and enhancing decision making across sectors. This study conducted a bibliometric review of 358 publications using the Web of Science database. The analysis utilized tools, such as Bibliometrix (version R 4.3.0) and Biblioshiny (version 1.7.5), to study authors, journals, keywords, and collaborative networks in the field of information systems. This study identified two relevant clusters in the literature: (1) voluntary geographic information (VGI) and crowdsourcing, focusing on web integration for collaborative mapping through contributions from non-professionals and (2) GIS management for decision making, highlighting web-based architectures, open sources, and service-based approaches for storing, processing, monitoring, and sharing geo-referenced information. The journals, authors, and geographical distribution of the most important publications were identified. China, Italy, the United States, Germany, and India have excelled in the application of geospatial technologies in areas such as the environment, risk, sustainable development, and renewable energy. These results demonstrate the impact of web-based GISs on forest conservation, climate change, risk management, urban planning, education, public health, and disaster management. Future research should integrate AI, mobile applications, and geospatial data security in areas aligned with sustainable development goals (SDGs) and other global agendas.

Advanced satellite technology is worse than all the disasters on Earth due to the lack of dynamic security. The study of earthquakes is the most innovative research of all man-made disasters - no doubt, but there are new horizons of wonder for the thoughtful. Earthquakes are increasing unexpectedly in different countries of the world. People of most countries are worried about sudden earthquakes, but no one is able to reveal the main secret of these earthquakes. Many are blaming nature for this earthquake. Through this survey the exact origin of the matter has been presented to the whole world with proper evidence. Research shows that climate criminals are misusing advanced satellite technology to cause these earthquakes. According to research, misuse of advanced satellite technology causes artificial earthquakes at specific GPS locations on Earth, resulting in severe damage to humans, animals, plants and other objects. The intensity of these earthquakes is so intense that everyone is surprised. Studies have shown that the misuse of satellite technology has caused massive damage in man-made technological earthquake at a particular tectonic plate and other disasters. Due to these sudden earthquake, human suffering increases, standing institutions are demolished, road communication systems are ruptured, crop lands and residential areas are destroyed, individuals lose their lives. The study revealed that artificial earthquakes are caused by sudden radio-waves and strong oscillations of variable magnitude anywhere on earth. The study also showed the climate criminals use various fake messages and wireless tracking to influence policy-makers, the public and the media, as can be doubted in this study, All citizens and administrations should be aware and vigilant to prevent the rise of earthquake terror. The research shows that using advanced satellite technology, earthquakes can be created in time on any tectonic plate on the Earth. Moreover, the question remains that when technology was not invented, but earthquakes occurred - which were natural. Humans now generate artificial oscillations at specific GPS locations through earthquake simulation coding by multiplying the magnetosphere of previous natural earthquakes. The study shows that the EMMAST (Earthquake Mitigation and Management through Advanced Satellite Technology) model will make disaster mitigation systems safer and more efficient, saving millions of lives. The study on earthquakes is unique with world- class scientific research, which will open many research gateways for future generations.

Flood is one of the natural disaster usually take place that in the southern states of Malaysia such as Johor, Pahang and Malacca during rainy season. The number of area affected from this event has increase over the past years. This paper describes a study made to explore the application of GIS and Remote Sensing in flood risk assessment for Bandar Segamat sustainability. The objective is to explore and understand the flood risk assessment characteristics, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). Open source software such as QuantimGIS and Infoworks RS is used as tools in processing the data. The result show a significant movement of water in Segamat city which causing such loss in terms of property damages and lives. A simulation of flood risk and sustainability at Bandar Segamat was developed which indicate the most, moderate and less affected area in Segamat. The main contribution of the study was to prove that anyone that involved directly or indirectly in GIS or RS field are able to perform the similar study without the need of high cost, great experience and with basic knowledge of the field study.

Social security of the state is the ability to guarantee and provide its citizens with safe and decent living standards. Study of the impact of the war on the state of national security, in particular human social security, will help to identify weaknesses in the state policy implementation in the political, economic and social areas. The impact of Russia's full-scale war against our country on the social security of Ukrainians requires substantiation of new, more effective mechanisms and tools for strengthening human social security in times of war. Under these circumstances, there is a need to apply new technologies to manage the socio-economic processes of the state for analysis and decision-making, and to reflect the current situation. These technologies will make it possible to predict scenarios and offer managers at all levels the best ways to achieve a balanced result. We need technologies that can effectively combine space and time with large amounts of special data in the form of attribute information about objects in the operational environment, background information about regions, climatic conditions, socio-economic conditions and processes in the region, etc. The need for prompt decision-making based on real indicators of anthropogenic, social, and environmental nature, taking into account the factors of space and time in a particular region or area of study, necessitates the involvement of specialized software platforms – geographic information systems that combine analytical capabilities with geospatial analysis. Today, a large number of general-purpose geographic information systems have been developed, but despite the variety of such software products, there is still a need to create specialized geographic information documents and databases that allow obtaining up-to-date geographic information data, the use of which leads to a real reduction in the time required to solve specialized tasks of information management systems. The analysis and decision support system in the environment of existing geographic information platforms will allow to take into account the influence of external factors, analyze the possibility of development, expansion, and monitor the state of the general environment when assessing the current state of input data, using information on the spatial distribution of the necessary resources, information on the competitive environment, etc. With the help of spatial and surface analysis modules, a GIS user can analyze spatially compatible objects and their interrelationships, taking into account the dynamics of their development. Currently, the world leader among geographic information systems is the ArcGIS products. It is a complete system that allows you to collect, organize, manage, analyze, exchange and distribute geographic data. Additionally, ArcGIS, depending on the type and specification of the platform, has other specialized modules that provide a wide range of opportunities for working with geodata and their visual display, namely: creation, management, visualization, analysis and exchange of geographic information. In addition, there are many compatible applications and extensions that integrate into the GIS platform and are focused on solving highly specialized tasks, such as assessing the state of the environment (water, soil, vegetation) or forecasting the development of natural phenomena and man-made emergencies. The article analyzes and substantiates the approaches to the use of a geographic information system as an effective tool for studying the impact of a full-scale war on human social security, improving the efficiency, completeness and quality of information and spatial support for management processes. The modern and full-featured ArcGIS system is considered as a platform that allows not only to form a geographic information system of any scale and purpose, but also to form on its basis an effective system of socio-economic monitoring, which is combined with decision support systems. The article presents an algorithm for studying the impact of a full-scale war on human social security using the ArcGIS system as an effective decision support tool with the use of spatially specialized databases.